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Results for “Injections, Intravenous”

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PubMed1975

Class, amounts and affinities of anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies in chickens. I. Production of 7S and 17S antibodies of equal affinity by intravenous injection of antigen.

Repeated intravenous injections of maximally coupled dinitrophenylated bovine gamma-globulin elicited both 7S and 17S anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies in chickens. Only antibodies of low affinity were produced regardless of the priming dose, the interval between injections, and the number of injections. The 7S and 17S antibodies isolated from invididual animals had identical affinities and heterogeneity indices. The concentrations of antibodies formed were uniformly low despite many injections over a prolonged period. These studies indicate that stimulation by antigen alone may not be sufficient for the induction of predominant 7S antibody formation and for the synthesis of high affinity antibody.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1989

A comparison of the systemic responses to rapid intravenous injections of ioxilan, iohexol, and diatrizoate in rabbits.

Rapid intravenous injections of contrast media are used for angiocardiography, intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and rapid scan computed tomography procedures. These rapid intravenous injections have been shown to produce significant hemodynamic changes that appear related to contrast media osmolality. In this study the systemic responses to 2-second injections at a dose of 1.5 mL/kg were compared for a new nonionic agent, ioxilan (350 mgI/mL), and for iohexol (350 mgI/mL), meglumine/sodium diatrizoate (370 mgI/mL), and saline. Ioxilan has a lower osmolality and viscosity than iohexol and is formulated with a 3 mM sodium citrate as a buffer and anticoagulant. All of the test solutions produced statistically significant changes in arterial pressure and respiratory rate (P less than .05, Student's t-test). The decrease in arterial pressure seen with diatrizoate (20.1%) was significantly greater than the decrease seen with either ioxilan (10.2%) or iohexol (10.2%). All of the responses observed were transient and would not be of clinical concern in a healthy patient. Ioxilan, which contains the calcium binding agent, sodium citrate, and iohexol appear to cause less systemic effects then diatrizoate.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Intracameral levels of intravenously injected fluorescein, cefmenoxime, and chloramphenicol in the prostaglandin E2-administered eyes of albino rabbits.

We evaluated the effects of inflammation and physicochemical nature of selected agents on the intracameral levels of intravenously injected drugs in albino rabbits. Transcorneal diffusion of prostaglandin E2 (10, 50 or 250 micrograms/ml) using a glass cylinder was used to produce inflammation of the anterior segment in the right eyes. As a control, a vehicle was applied to the left cornea. Immediately, 2, 5, or 11 h after prostaglandin E2 administration, a mixed solution of fluorescein, cefmenoxime, and chloramphenicol (50 mg each/kg body weight) was injected intravenously. One hour after injection of the drugs, the primary aqueous humor was withdrawn. The intracameral levels of protein and these drugs after prostaglandin E2 administration increased at 1 h in a dose-dependent manner. These levels then gradually decreased. One hour after prostaglandin E2 administration, the intracameral levels of protein and these drugs in the prostaglandin E2-administered eyes were significantly higher than those in the vehicle-administered eyes, except chloramphenicol after administration of 10 micrograms/ml prostaglandin E2. Our findings indicate that the intracameral levels of intravenously administered drugs are altered not only by the severity of inflammation but also by the properties of drugs.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Respiratory response to salbutamol (albuterol) in ventilator-dependent infants with chronic lung disease: pressurized aerosol delivery versus intravenous injection.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of intravenously injected with inhaled salbutamol in ventilator dependent infants with chronic lung disease (CLD). DESIGN: Prospective randomized study which each patient served as his/her own control. SETTING: Multidisciplinary neonatal and pediatric ICU. PATIENTS: 8 ventilator dependent premature infants with CLD. INTERVENTIONS: Salbutamol, 10 micrograms/kg was given intravenously, and 10-19 h later, twice 100 micrograms as pressurized aerosol, or vice versa, sequence randomized. The pressurized aerosol was delivered by a metered dose inhaler into a newly developed aerosol holding chamber, integrated into the inspiratory limb of the patient circuit. Respiratory system mechanics were assessed by the single breath occlusion method before and 10 and 60 min after drug administration. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Compliance improved significantly after intravenous injection (0.48 +/- 0.18 to 0.67 +/- 0.16, p < 0.01 and 0.59 +/- 0.23 ml/cmH2O/kg, NS, (mean +/- 1 SD) and after inhalation (0.46 +/- 0.19 to 0.64 +/- 0.32, p < 0.01 and 0.56 +/- 0.31 ml/cmH2O/kg, NS). Resistance decreased after iv. use (0.38 +/- 0.17 to 0.25 +/- 0.11, p < 0.001 and 0.25 +/- 0.10 cmH2O/ml/s, NS) and after inhalation (0.35 +/- 0.12 to 0.27 +/- 0.09, p < 0.01 and 0.28 +/- 0.12 cmH2O/ml/s, NS). Heart rate increased significantly after both routes of application, whereas mean arterial pressure, respirator settings, FIO2, transcutaneous SO2 and capillary PCO2 did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled and intravenous salbutamol improves pulmonary mechanics to the same extent with comparable side effects, and may therefore be used to facilitate weaning from respirators.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1979

Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by intravenous injection of Xe133.

Clearance of Xenon 133 following intravenous injection has been used to perform atraumatic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). rCBF was computed by a two-compartmental analysis of the clearance curves associated with a correction for Xenon recirculation based on the end-tidal tracer concentration. Direct comparison was made between the results of this method and those obtained from the reference intracarotid method. A systematic analysis has shown that the results of the non-invasive method depend on the part of the clearance curves chosen for computation of rCBF. The best concordance with the intra-carotid method was found when the analysed part of the curve was situated between 3 and 11 min. after the beginning of the injection. Under these conditions, the differences between the results from the two methods did not exceed 10% of the flow values even for low flows. Such precision makes the atraumatic measurements of rCBF by intravenous injection of Xenon valuable for clinical applications.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗

PubMed1981

Toxicity with intravenous injection of crude marijuana extract.

Intravenous injection of crude marijuana extract led to development of an acute illness with multisystem involvement. Gastrointestinal manifestations consisted of severe vomiting, diarrhea, and crampy abdominal pain. Hypotension, tachycardia, and peripheral vasodilation constituted the main cardiovascular manifestations of the disease. Moderate azotemia and oliguria, presumed to be of prerenal origin, were present and rapidly resolved with administration of intravenous fluids. Hematologic manifestations consisted of leukocytosis with a left shift, thrombocytopenia, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, increased fibrin degradation products, and positive protamine sulfate test. The observed coagulation abnormalities may suggest intravascular coagulation. C3, C4, and total hemolytic complement were reduced, suggesting possible activation of the complement system. Hyperventilation, hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, obstructive, and restrictive pulmonary function abnormalities and bilateral pleural effusions highlighted the pulmonary manifestations of the disease. Rhadbomyolysis and mild hepatic function abnormalities were also present. All observed abnormalities reversed in a few days with no significant sequelae.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of falintolol II. Absorption, distribution and elimination from tissues and organs following ocular administration and intravenous injection of falintolol in albino rabbits.

The absorption, distribution and elimination of falintolol maleate was studied in various ocular and extraocular tissues and organs following ocular instillation, intravenous injection of a 0.5% 14C-falintolol ophthalmic solution and repeated ocular instillations of a 1% non-labeled falintolol ophthalmic solution into albino New Zealand rabbits. Falintolol was distributed in all studied tissues and organs after both routes of administration. After ocular instillation, levels of total radioactivity were distinctly higher in ocular tissues than after intravenous injection. Thus, the level was 475 times more important in cornea, 72 times in aqueous humor and 36 times in iris and ciliary body after ocular instillation. On the other hand, levels of total radioactivity in extraocular tissues and organs were 30-50% higher after intravenous injection compared to ocular instillation of the same dose. Peak levels of total radioactivity were generally achieved between 30 min and 1 h after ocular instillation, while 1.5 h after intravenous injection an increase in the declining part of the curve occurred. This increase, characteristic of an enterohepatic reabsorption, was also observed in blood and plasma 1 h after intravenous injection. Urinary elimination was the major means of excretion since 79.6% of total radioactivity was found in urine 6 h after intravenous injection and 74.5% 12 h after ocular instillation. But after ocular instillation, only 5% was excreted as unchanged falintolol. Whatever the route of administration, after single or repeated application, no drug accumulation was evident.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1978

Leucocytic changes in cows given intravenous injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin.

Single intravenous injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin into normal cows produced dose dependent leucocytic and febrile responses. Injections of 5 to 20 microgram endotoxin induced a neutrophilia between 4 and 8 h, whereas 50 to 500 microgram produced a severe neutropenia for 4 to 6 h followed by a gradual increase in neutrophils along with slight to moderate left shift. Higher doses caused progressively severe lymphopenia and greater increase in fever than the lower doses. It was concluded that blood leucocytic changes during the early part of endotoxin-induced mastitis are partly related to systemic absorption of endotoxin, and that the size of the bone marrow neutrophil reserve in the cow could be estimated by injecting 5 to 10 microgram of endotoxin intravenously.

Animals↗

PubMed1961

The role of liver and spleen in the metabolism of intravenously injected fat in rabbits.

The uptake of intravenously injected coconut oil emulsion by the liver and spleen was investigated by gas-liquid chromatography in normal, triton-injected, and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The lauric and myristic acids from this emulsion, almost absent in the tissues of normal animals, were used as marked acids. In normal rabbits only the liver took up a quantitatively important fraction of the injected fat. The uptake by the spleen appears to be due to a different mechanism than that of the liver. In rabbits given triton the liver was incapable of taking up large quantities of fat, while the uptake in the spleen was undisturbed. 12 hours after injection the plasma, liver, and spleen of normal animals contained only 14 per cent of the dose. With animals given triton 71 per cent of the injected dose was recovered, most of it in the plasma. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits cleared an injected fat emulsion and took fat into the liver at the same rate as the controls. When triton is injected 6 hours after the administration of the emulsion, the fat taken up in the liver reappears in the plasma.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Pulmonary vascular lesions in chickens following intravenous injections of disintegrated cells of Escherichia coli.

Intravenous injections of disintegrated cells of Escherichia coli in chickens were almost constantly followed by extensive lesions in pulmonary arteries; the alterations consisted of mural fibrinoid necrosis, sometimes with slight intramural occurrence of mononuclear inflammatory cells and eosinophils. Massive perivascular accumulations of the same cell types were also very common findings. Affected arteries were frequently occluded by precipitates, predominantly consisting of the injected material, which were rapidly replaced by proliferating endothelial cells, resulting in obliterative lesions, where giant cells sometimes occurred. The conclusion was drawn that the arterial lesions could most adequately be categorized as hypersensitivity angiitis.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Phase I clinical study of zinostatin stimalamer (YM 881) by intravenous injection].

A phase I clinical study by intravenous injection of zinostatin stimalamer (YM 881), a protein anti-cancer drug, was conducted in 50 patients with malignant tumors. The initial dose was 0.5 mg/m2 (n) in the single dose test, and 0.2 mg/m2/day in the repeated dose test for 5 successive days. Doses were increased up to 12n according to the modified Fibonacci's method in both the single and repeated dose tests. The dose limiting factor was thrombopenia in both the single and repeated dose tests. The maximum tolerated dose was 6.0 mg/m2 (12n) in the single dose test, and the subtoxic dose was 2.4 mg/m2/day in the five day repeated dose study. These results indicate that dose of 1.0 to 1.4 mg/m2/day (5 n to 7 n) are appropriate for the phase II repeated dose study.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Hair embolism in lungs of rats after intravenous injection into caudal veins.

In case of intravenous injection into caudal veins of rats, the occasional inoculation of hair particles into the lumen of the vein cannot be avoided. These hairs either cause a local thrombophlebitis or are floated with the blood stream until they are thoughout caught by the pulmonary filters, even if they measure less than 10 mu in length. In capillaries or alveoli of lungs phagocytosis by giant cells will start after about 3 days and will be fully terminated within four weeks.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Isoniazid plasma and lymph kinetics after intravenous injection in dogs.

Isoniazid pharmacokinetics after bolus intravenous injection in dogs has been studied using concentration measurements in plasma and in the lymph collected as the outflow of the thoracic duct. Simple graphical analysis as well as fitting of the data indicates that the plasma concentration exhibits biexponential decrease whereas three exponential components are detected in lymphatic kinetics. The discrepancy in the number of exponentials cannot be accounted for by a catenary three-compartment model. Another model, which is compatible with the anatomo-physiological characteristics of the lymphatic circulation is proposed. To account for transfer delays between the plasma-lymph exchange areas and the site of measurement, we assume that the drug concentration in the lymph collected at the extremity of the thoracic duct is the convolution of the interstitial lymphatic concentration with an exponential distribution of transit times. Assuming, furthermore, that a rapid equilibrium between plasma and interstitial lymph is established and that variations in the lymphatic flow are negligible, this model provides an adequate description of isoniazid plasma and lymph kinetics as can be judged from: 1. the satisfactory adjustment of model predicted values to the concentration measurements after global nonlinear least-squares fitting of plasmatic and lymphatic data; 2. the agreement of the estimated isoniazid pharmacokinetic parameters with values reported in literature. This agreement suggests that lymphatic concentrations at the exit of the thoracic duct give an indirect and distorted picture of interstitial fluid isoniazid levels whose kinetics, in fact, closely follows that existing in plasma.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Peritoneoscopy as an aid in intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG).

Peritoneoscopy as an aid in intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) was clinically evaluated. Hepatic parenchyma was stained after intravenous injection of ICG, while interstitial connective tissue, fatty deposition and hepatoma tissue were not. Regenerative hepatic cell mass including dark reddish patchy marking (Shimada's code No. 7) and semispherical areas of regeneration or nodules (Shimada's code No. 8) was well stained and clearly contrasted. There were some cases of chronic active hepatitis, in which liver surface showed spotty staining at sites expected to become regenerative nodules in the future, in contrast to being judged as "no abnormal findings" peritoneoscopically. On the other hand, periportal reddish marking (Shimada's code No. 4) representing piecemeal or bridging hepatic cell necrosis was not stained.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1995

[Cerebral blood flow increase and P300 latency prolongation by intravenous injection of acetazolamide--investigation in lacunar cerebral infarction and healthy subjects].

The cerebral blood flow and the P300 were measured before and 20 minutes after intravenous injection of 17 mg/kg acetazolamide in 15 cases of lacunar cerebral infarction and 10 healthy subjects. In cerebral infarction, the study was performed within 2 weeks after the onset. The cerebral blood flow except the infarcted area was increased significantly by the intravenous injection of acetazolamide in the lacunar cerebral infarction group and the healthy subject group. The blood flow decrease around the infarcted area (intracerebral steal phenomenon) by the intravenous injection of acetazolamide was not observed in any case. The N200 latency and the P300 latency were prolonged significantly by the intravenous injection of acetazolamide in the lacunar cerebral infarction group and in the healthy subject group but the N100 latency and the P200 latency did not show any significant changes. Despite the increase in cerebral blood flow, cerebral function may be decreased by intravenous injection of acetazolamide.

Acetazolamide↗

PubMed2001

Intravenously injected FK506 failed to inhibit hippocampal calcineurin.

FK506 (tacrolimus) is known as an inhibitor for calcineurin and is used in numerous research fields. It is not clear whether intravenously injected FK506 inhibits neuronal calcineurin. We measured the calcineurin activities of normal and postischemic rat hippocampi after intravenous injection of FK506 (3 mg/kg). Intravenously injected FK506 had no inhibitory effect on calcineurin activity in the hippocampi of normal and postischemic rats, whereas FK506 inhibited the calcineurin in vitro (purified enzyme, hippocampal homogenate, and hippocampal slice culture homogenate). Thus, it is considered that intravenously injected FK506 does not act on intraneuronal calcineurin and that several effects of FK506 are not due to the inhibition of neuronal calcineurin.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin V. Subacute toxicity in rats after intravenous injection].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Toxicological studies of MCR in rats were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation. Study on subacute toxicity: Wistar rats were injected intravenously with MCR at the dose levels of 4, 10, 25, 63 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 30 days. The results of the studies are as follows: In the subacute toxicity study, animals died at the dose level of 100 mg/kg (10 out of 30 animals). Main changes observed were renal disorders and ataxia which showed a close similarity to those seen in intramuscular toxicity studies in rats. The renal histological disorders occurred mainly at the dose levels of 25 mg/kg and over, but they were slight at the dose levels of 25 mg/kg. Ataxia was observed at the dose levels of 63 mg/kg and over, but its grade was slight at the dose level of 63 mg/kg. The maximum safety dose was equal to in the intramuscular subacute toxicity in rats, 10 mg/kg.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed2005

[Spiral CT findings of pulmonary infection induced by intravenous injection of heroin].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate spiral CT findings of pulmonary infection induced by intravenous injection of heroin. METHODS: The clinical data and spiral CT findings of 21 patients with pulmonary infection due to intravenous injection of heroin were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Pulmonary lesions were detected in all these cases in the initial examination by spiral CT plain scan, including pneumatocele in 13 (61.9%), pulmonary cavity in 13 (61.9%), pulmonary consolidation in 15 (71.4%), and plural lesions in 8 cases (38.1%) of which 7 (33.3%) had plural effusion and 1 (0.48%) had encapsulated hydropneumothorax. Three cases had only one of the lesions and 18 had at least 2 of them. The CT images in each case were compared with X-ray film, and the latter displayed abnormalities in 20 cases (95.2%). X-ray failed to detect the lesions in 1 case (4.8%), in which pneumatocele was found in CT images. CONCLUSION: The pulmonary lesions of pulmonary pneumatocele, cavity, consolidation, and plural lesions are specific CT manifestations of hematogenous pulmonary suppurative infection induced by intravenous injection of heroin.

Adult↗