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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Acute effects of ethanol on liver blood circulation in the anesthetized dog.

A single, intraportal injection of ethanol (0.01 g/kg body weight) in the pentobarbital anesthetized dog elicited an immediate rise in the hepatic resistance to both portal and hepatic blood flows. Similar effects were produced by norepinephrine and these, as well as those of ethanol, were significantly reduced by yohimbine. Increased levels of noradrenaline were found in hepatic venous effluent during the vasoconstriction period induced by ethanol. We postulate that noradrenaline liberated from sympathetic nervous endings of the liver may be involved in vascular response to ethanol.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A molecular comparison of T lymphocyte populations infiltrating the liver and circulating in the blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B: evidence for antigen-driven selection of a public complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) motif.

Despite a large number of T cells infiltrating the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis B, little is known about their complexity or specificity. To characterize the composition of these T cells involved with the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), we have studied the clonality of VbetaT cell receptor (TCR)-bearing populations in liver tissue by size spectratyping the complementarity-determining region (CDR3) lengths of TCR transcripts. We have also compared the CDR3 profiles of the lymphocytes infiltrating the liver with those circulating in the blood to see whether identical clonotypes may be detected that would indicate a virus-induced expansion in both compartments. Our studies show that in most of the patients examined, the T cell composition of liver infiltrating lymphocytes is highly restricted, with evidence of clonotypic expansions in 4 to 9 TCR Vbeta subfamilies. In contrast, the blood compartment contains an average of 1 to 3 expansions. This pattern is seen irrespective of the patient's viral load or degree of liver pathology. Although the TCR repertoire profiles between the 2 compartments are generally distinct, there is evidence of some T cell subsets being equally distributed between the blood and the liver. Finally, we provide evidence for a putative public binding motif within the CDR3 region with the sequence G-X-S, which may be involved with hepatitis B virus recognition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Biochemical and immunological evaluation of donor-specific soluble HLA in the circulation of liver transplant recipients.

MHC antigens, normally expressed as integral membrane proteins, are also present in soluble form in the peripheral circulation. These soluble human leukocyte antigens (sHLA) are found at elevated levels in patients with a variety of infections as well as in organ transplant recipients. In liver transplant recipients, however, most of the circulating sHLA are of donor phenotype, especially during the early posttransplant period. Here we report the purification and characterization of sHLA of both recipient and donor origin from liver transplant recipients. It was observed that sHLA consisted of four major polypeptides having molecular mass of 44, 41, 35-37, and 12 kD complexed with IgM and IgG antibodies. Further analysis revealed that these immunoglobulins contained anti-HLA antibodies. Analysis of the affinity-purified materials by a number of approaches failed to detect any other fragment(s) of HLA class I heavy chain polypeptides smaller than 12 kD. No significant difference was observed in the biochemical nature of the sHLA of donor and recipient origin and they were similar to those found in normal individuals. Affinity-purified HLA-A3 inhibited the cytolytic activity of an HLA-A3-specific CD8+ T cell line, whereas, purified sHLA-A2 failed to inhibit anti-HLA-A3 CTL activity. Further, the proliferation of the T cell line was not inhibited by sHLA-A3. Thus, the inhibitory activity shown by sHLA was antigen-specific and directed against a functional subset of T lymphocytes. These results support the notion that sHLA may play an important regulatory role in the immune response to allograft in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Amelioration of fumonisin B1 hepatotoxicity in mice by depletion of T cells with anti-Thy-1.2.

Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, frequently associated with corn. It produces species-specific and organ-specific toxicity, including equine leukoencephalomalacia, porcine pulmonary edema, and hepatic or renal damage in most animal species. Fumonisin B1 perturbs sphingolipid metabolism by inhibiting ceramide synthase. Our previous studies in male mice indicated that fumonisin B1-induced hepatotoxicity is modulated by the localized activation of cytokines in liver macrophages and other cell types. In the current study, male athymic nude mice and their wild type counterparts (WT), the latter with or without depletion of T cells, were treated subcutaneously with fumonisin B1 at 2.25 mg/kg/day for 5 days and sampled 24 h after the last injection. Depletion of T cells in WT was achieved by a single intravenous injection of 50 microg monoclonal antibody against Thy-1.2 surface antigen of mature peripheral T lymphocytes 24 h before the first fumonisin B1 treatment. The depletion of T cells nearly abolished fumonisin B1-mediated liver toxicity as indicated by the near normal concentrations of circulating liver enzymes and by enumeration of apoptotic hepatocytes. There was no difference in the fumonisin B1-induced elevation in circulating liver enzymes between WT and nude mice. Fumonisin B1-induced mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1alpha was observed in nude and WT mice but not in T cell-depleted mice. Hepatotoxic response to fumonisin B1 was unaltered in mice lacking natural killer cells. This study suggested that T cells and corresponding proinflammatory cytokines have a vital role in mediating fumonisin B1-induced hepatic toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Donor human leukocyte antigens in the circulation of liver allograft recipients.

Using a solid phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) with three different murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to HLA (human leukocyte antigens) framework determinants, circulating HLA were detected and quantitated both in normal individuals as well as liver allograft recipients. In normal individuals, the level of circulating HLA remained constant for several months of this study. The quantity of antigens present in the sera was not influenced by the collection procedures. During the immediate post-transplant period there was detectable donor HLA in the recipient's circulation; however, no correlation was noted between graft function and the large quantity of donor HLA present in the sera. Within 5 months after transplantation there was a gradual decrease in the amount of circulating HLA compared to the level seen in normal individuals. These shed donor antigens may play an active role in initiating the development of tolerance to the transplanted organ.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1998

[Splenic blood circulation in liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension syndrome].

The result of the hemodynamics in spleen studying in 90 patients with liver cirrhosis and a portal hypertension syndrome is adduced. The significance of hyperdynamic state of blood circulation in spleen, influencing the portal hypertension occurrence and the secondary hypersplenism formation, was established. The conversion of liver cirrhosis to decompensation stage is caused by the change of splenic circulation from hyperdynamic state to congestive one.

Hemodynamics↗
PubMed1990

[The hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in liver diseases].

The authors analyze data obtained in complex clinico-instrumental examination of the state of hemodynamic of the right compartments of the heart in 45 patients with chronic portal hypertension 20 patients with liver cirrhosis using two-dimensional echocardiography. The right ventricle and right atrium were located from the apical position of the gauge in the 4-chamber projection of the heart. Compared were values of areas of heart chambers and rate characteristics of movements of their walls and cusps of the pulmonary artery. Simultaneously ultrasonometry [correction of ultrasensometry] of the venous vessels of the abdominal cavity, liver and spleen was carried out. Signs of portal and pulmonary hypertension, loads on the right heart compartments were found in these two diseases that were more pronounced in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Abdomen↗