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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Disordered labor: objective evaluation and management.

Simplified techniques for analyzing the graphic patterns of dilatation and descent allow the practitioner to define aberrant labor using objective criteria for diagnosis. Six major disorders of labor are readily characterized. Once diagnosed, details concerning etiologic factors, efficacy of modalities of treatment, and prognostic outlook can be readily evolved. Programs of management are presented for each group of dysfunctional patterns based on such data. Introduction of the graphic analytic technique for diagnosing and managing labor adds a significant new dimension to our diagnostic potential and therapeutic capabilities.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed2001

[The influence of water immersion on the course of labor].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of water immersion on the course of labor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 109 women, who have delivered in water in Obstetrical Ward in Puck from 1998 to 2000. 110 women composed control group. Mean patients' age in study and control group was respectively 26.40 +/- 4.33 and 26.72 +/- 5.82 years (ns). Gestational age was 40.69 +/- 5.91 and 39.71 +/- 2.03 weeks (ns). The duration of labor stages, time from membranes rupture to delivery, birthweight and newborns condition, frequency of episiotomy and perineum injuries as well as necessity of labor stimulants use were analyzed. Particular parameters were also assessed regarding to parity. The differences were determined using T-test. RESULTS: Mean duration of 1st labor stage was 319 min in study group and 375 min in control group (p < 0.02). The 2nd and 3rd labor stages did not differ significantly. II labor stage in nulliparous and I stage in multiparous were shorter in study group (respectively 34.41 vs. 45.5 min; p < 0.02 and 258.23 vs. 329.83 min; p < 0.02). The episiotomy was less frequent in study group (p < 0.01), whereas perineum injuries in control one (p < 0.05). Use of oxytocin was comparable between both groups. 97% of newborns from study group and 93% from control group, they were in good condition (ns). CONCLUSIONS: The profitable influence of water immersion to short 1st labor stage was noted. There were no differences in newborns' condition. The water birth is a safe method of labor in patients with physiological pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Station of the fetal presenting part. VI. Arrest of descent in nulliparas.

The specific labor aberration of arrest of descent was investigated in 253 nulliparas. It was found to be associated with fetopelvic disproportion in 52%. Delivery outcome was adversely affected by such factors as high fetal station at time of arrest and long duration of arrest. Arrest of descent occurring during the administration of oxytocin infusion was particularly ominous, no patient subsequently delivering vaginally. The best delivery prognosis was seen in those cases in which apparently causative inhibitory agents, including peridural anesthesia and sedation, were allowed to abate expectantly. Neither immediate operative delivery nor expectancy (other than in the specific abatement cases) was determined to be an appropriate approach to resolving this problem. Postarrest progression, especially if at a rate that was the same as or greater than prearrest descent, proved to be a favorable sign for delivery outcome. Neonatal depression and birth trauma were closely correlated with midforceps procedures, especially when done in conjunction with forceps rotation. Cephalopelvic disproportion yielded poor perinatal results, particularly among those delivered vaginally by instrumental means. Uterotonic stimulation of labor to correct the arrest problem therapeutically also had an adverse effect on the fetus when followed by operative delivery. Based on these observations a program of management was evolved for treating patients with arrest of descent.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Developing and establishing an ideal method of continuous-infusion epidural analgesia for delivery using the double-catheter method.

We evaluated the efficacy of a new method of induction of epidural obstetric analgesia devised by us. The upper and lower catheters used for the epidural double-catheter method were connected to a compression-type disposable injector (Coopdech Syrinjector). 0.125 % bupivacaine + 2 microg/ml fentanyl (6 ml/h) were serially injected via the upper catheter. In the latter half of Stage 1 of labor, the same drugs were continuously infused via the lower catheter (4 ml/h). The mean number of additional drug doses administered via the upper catheter was 0.67+/-0.90 (range: 0-3) when the analgesia induction was commenced after the cervix was dilated to 8 cm in nulliparous women or 6 cm in multiparous women. The method of analgesia was found to be more effective than the conventional method (uncombined continuous infusion of a local anesthetic) for alleviating the pain of the latter half of Stage 1, and Stage 2 of labor. The mean number of additional drug doses injected via the lower catheter was 0.37+/-0.57(range: 0-2). The number of additional doses in the 49 women averaged 0.16 per hour and 1.04 per delivery. Thus, good results were obtained.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed2005

Phloroglucinol for acceleration of labour: double blind, randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of Phloroglucinol in acceleration of labour and its adverse effects on mother and foetus. METHODS: A double blind randomized, placebo controlled trial was conducted on 100 patients in active phase of uncomplicated labour selected by convenient sampling. Patients were given Phloroglucinol or Placebo (distilled water) intravenously. Progress of labour was plotted on Partogram. Any adverse effects of the drug on mother and fetus were noted. Student's t-test was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In patients receiving Phloroglucinol there was a mean 34% reduction in duration of 1st stage of labour and a mean 23% reduction in 2nd stage as compared to Placebo group respectively. Blood loss >500ml was observed in 2% patients. Otherwise there were no adverse effects on mother or foetus. CONCLUSION: Phloroglucinol shortens the duration of labour, is non toxic to both mother and fetus and does not cause primary post partum haemorrhage.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Maternal serum cortisol and prolactin variations during labor.

Maternal serum cortisol (F) and prolactin (PRL) levels were measured during labor in 20 uncomplicated pregnancies. Four pregnant women were admitted with ruptured membranes (RM group) and 16 were admitted with intact membranes (IM group), ten with spontaneous onset of labor (SL group) and 10 with induced labor (IL group), five with a prolonged for duration labor (PL group) and 15 with a normal for duration labor (NL group). Before the inset of labor F levels were statistically higher (p less than 0.05) in the RM group (x = 975 ng/ml), than in the IM group (x = 664 ng/ml), and also in the SL group (x = 783 ng/ml), than in the IL group (x = 679 ng/ml). During labor, in all twenty pregnant women a marked rise of F (from x = 726 ng/ml before the onset of labor, to x = 911 ng/ml) and a marked fall of PRL (from x = 161 ng/ml to x = 122 ng/ml) were observed (p less than 0.05). In the PL group the F elevation and the PRL drop were more pronounced (p less than 0.001). After placental separation, PRL levels increased slightly while F values remained unchanged. These changes in hormone levels before and during labor could be attributed to the emotional and physical stress of labor.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[Contractile activity of the uterus in different variants of cervix dilatation and fetal forward movement during labor].

The biomechanism of labour pains was examined by analysing the amplitude, frequency, and duration of the pains during labours accompanied by arrests in the course of cervical dilatation and fetal forward movement. The forces driving out the fetus from the uterus were shown to be formed of two components: 1) uterine wall muscular layer tension and 2) amniotic fluid hydraulic pressure, the former being of greater importance than the latter.

Cardiotocography↗
PubMed1991

[Dynamics of forward fetal movement during labor and its graphic interpretation].

The paper provides echographic++ findings of dynamics of fetal forward movement along the reproductive tract from 88 parturients. It has been found that displacement of the placenta previa was recorded by echography++ when the cervix uteri was 3'36 cm dilated and this continued in accordance with the type revealed (ascending, stepwise, or wave-like). The graphs of fetal head displacement were generally similar to those of increased dilatation of the uterine orifice. Possible biological mechanisms that regulate the coupling of the two processes during labour are also considered in the paper.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Eutopic parturition: psychoprophylaxis or extradural analgesia. Influence on the endocrine response].

Prolactin, ACTH, cortisol and HGH levels have been studied on 30 pregnant women in three different periods: during the labour, at the delivery and 24 hours later. They were divided into 3 groups depending on the analgesia: I) no analgesia (n = 10); II) psychoprophylaxis (n = 10), and III) extradural analgesia (n = 10). Prolactin levels increased during delivery and 24 hours later. A significant increase of ACTH levels (p less than 0.01) was observed during the delivery in the 3 groups even though they were under hasal values 24 hours later. Cortisol increased 38% (p less than 0.01) and 52% (p less than 0.02) in II and III groups, respectively during the delivery. No difference was found with HGH. Our results suggest that endocrine response modified by labour and delivery doesn't change with different analgesia techniques.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗