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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Diabetes mellitus as a life-style related disease--importance of environmental factors on pathogenesis and progress of type-2 diabetes].

Onset and progress of several diseases common in adults such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension are closely correlated with environmental factors. In recent years besides aging, lack of exercise, overweight, excess intake of fat and carbohydrates are recognized to be increasingly important to develop so called life-style related diseases especially in type 2 diabetes. The system of the insulin action from the biosynthesis of insulin and excretion in the pancreatic beta cells to receptor and insulin signal transmissions is often influenced by unfavorable life style in the modernized era. Either for primary or for secondary prevention, education not only in patients but in general public must be extensively conducted.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The relationship between waist-to-hip ratio and occupational status and life-style factors among middle-aged male and female Japanese workers.

As a marker of body fat distribution and therefore level of obesity, the waist-to-hip ratio (W:H) is a good indicator of coronary heart disease risk status. The present study investigated the association between occupational status and life-style factors, and W:H of middle-aged Japanese male (n = 2,550) and female (n = 1,283) workers in a metal-products factory. A higher W:H was observed in the management level males as compared with the other male workers and we suggest this was promoted by the sedentary aspect of their work, as well as their higher levels of alcohol consumption and lower levels of leisure-time physical activity. In contrast, a higher W:H was recorded in female labourers, whose work was typically less sedentary as compared with female managers. Life-style factors included in the study were not related to this observation. We conclude that other unmeasured psychosocial factors may be important in promoting higher W:H in female labourers.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Life-style and dietary factors early and late in Parkinson's disease.

The study investigated features of life-style and dietary habits early and late in life of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Seventy-one patients and 103 controls were interviewed personally with a structured questionnaire. Living in villages during primary school time was significantly more frequent among patients, and in the urban environment patients had lived less frequently in larger-sized towns. Mushroom harvesting during childhood was more frequent among patients. No difference between patients and controls was found in childhood water supply, habits of fishing in the countryside or at the seaside, and eating such fish. Actual food preference in patients was greater for almonds and plums, while no difference was found in the actual intake of mushrooms, peanuts, oil-dressed salad, fish and animal offals. The study did not indicate a higher consumption of foods known to harbour heavy metals and pesticides in IPD patients either long before or during the disease. Reduced consumption of foodstuffs rich in vitamin E, as reported previously for premorbid patients, is no longer observed in patients with overt disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Association of physical and emotional symptoms with the menstrual cycle and life-style.

The frequency and severity of physical and emotional menstrual symptoms were investigated with a cross-sectional study of 502 women not seeking treatment for menstrual symptoms. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal bloating, backache, headache, constipation, low abdominal pain, fatigue and symptoms related to depression. Some symptoms increased during the late luteal phase, and others were related to the women's life-style. Lack of schooling and living in rural areas were associated with headache, backache, sadness, insecurity, restlessness and weakness. Women from urban areas with more schooling had more breast tenderness, abdominal pain, irritability, depression, aggressiveness and increased sexual desire. Younger women had increased appetite, lack of concentration, insecurity, desire to be alone, weakness and dissatisfaction with their looks. Heavier women had more leg cramps, swollen feet, lack of coordination and polydipsia. Menstrual symptoms seem to be determined by the interplay of the menstrual cycle with biologic factors and life-style.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The long-term patient in the community: life style patterns and treatment implications.

A sample of 99 long-term patients at an urban community mental health-mental retardation center were interviewed to determine how they spent their time and their degree of happiness with their lives and the services they received at the center. More than half the patients were considered by center staff to be only mildly or moderately impaired, but as a group they were distinguished by low levels of educational, financial, and vocational achievement; only 13 per cent were working more than half time. Most of the patients considered themselves happy, but their life style was oriented toward health and social relationships and lacked a work-task orientation. The authors conclude that the patients' life style meshes closely with the orientation of the treatment system; neither places emphasis on achievement of noninterpersonal tasks or enhancement of a work orientation. The authors believe that many chronic users of community mental health services have the potential to work and that practically all could benefit from the ego-enhancing experiences resulting from the successful accomplishment of tasks and development of skills. Therefore they feel programming for long-term patients should address deficits in work and achievement motivation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Changing living conditions, life style and health.

Human health is the result of the interaction of genetic, nutritional, socio-cultural, economic, physical infrastructure and ecosystem factors. All of the individual, social, cultural and socioeconomic factors are influenced by the environment they are embedded in and by changes in this environment. The aim of the paper is to illustrate the influence of environmental change on living conditions and life style and some of the mechanisms through which such changes affect physical and mental health. The interrelationship between environmental and societal change is illustrated by an example from a small community in Greenland, where changing environmental conditions have influenced fishing and employment opportunities to the extent that the size of the population has changed dramatically. The link between social change and health is shown with reference to studies on education, housing and occupation as well as life style changes. The paper further illustrates the relationship between the rapid socio-cultural and economic change and the health of the population. Psychosocial stress is reflected in problems such as alcohol abuse, violence and suicide, and these factors have been shown in studies on migration and transitions in health to be connected to changes in lifestyle and living conditions.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2003

Is the decrease of cardiovascular mortality in Poland associated with the reduction of global cardiovascular risk related to changes in life style?

BACKGROUND: After an ascending trend of cardiovascular mortality, which was observed up to the sixties, there was a declining tendency in western countries thereafter. The decrease in mortality rates in Poland has been noticed since 1991. There is an uncertainty whether this improvement in prognosis was only due to the improvement in health care level or was accomplished, to some extent, by population life style changes. AIM: To assess whether the decrease in cardiovascular mortality in Poland was accompanied by a simultaneous reduction in global cardiovascular risk profile. METHODS: The study was based on screened random samples from the Warsaw population aged 35-64 years, who were examined in the years 1984 (2646 subjects), 1988 (1433 subjects), 1993 (1539 subjects) and 2001 (853 subjects). The group evaluated in 1984 was followed up for 10 years with all fatal events recorded (364 deaths were registered including 166 cardiovascular deaths). The model of 10 years probability of total and cardiovascular death was developed, which was based on 11 risk factors (age, smoking cigarettes, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, symptoms of coronary heart disease or heart failure, death of mother before 65 or death of father before 55 years due to myocardial infarction or stroke, energy in daily food intake and percentage of energy derived from saturated fatty acids). This model was applied to assess the probability of deaths between years 1984 and 2001, utilising data from screenings. RESULTS: The probability of death (in %) decreased from 1984 to 2001 by 11% in men. However, it remained stable for women. On the other hand the probability of cardiovascular death decreased by 25% and 33%, respectively. The main role in global risk decrease was played by beneficial trends in mean systolic blood pressure (in both genders) and percentage of smokers in men. CONCLUSIONS: Modification of life style influencing risk factors profile decreased the probability of death in the Warsaw population, correlating with changes in mortality rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Societal influences on health and life-styles.

Strong sociocultural forces affect individual attitudes toward health and choice of life-style. Economic deprivation fosters negative health behaviors. Positive health habits are reinforced by discrete societal groups. The news media, particularly television, disseminate much useful health information, though the overall educational value is diminished by the content of commercial messages and programming. The automobile is a major societal influence, but neither individual drivers nor the car manufacturers give enough priority to highway safety, leaving that role to governmental regulation. American industry is becoming a positive influence in the encouragement of good health habits, and fashion is lately an important ally in personal health maintenance.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1996

Life-style survey of patients with oral lichenoid reactions.

The occurrence of different life-style patterns, including marital status, educational level, nutrition, tobacco and alcohol use, and frequency of physical activity, in patients with oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) in total or partial contact with amalgam fillings was examined. When compared with an age- and sex-matched control group, the daily intake of carbohydrates, fibers, and iron was statistically significantly higher in the OLR patients. Regarding marital status, there was a statistically significant difference between the OLR patients and the control subjects, the former group containing more people who were divorced or whose spouse had died. The frequency of physical activity was also statistically significantly higher in the OLR patients than in the control group. Hypothetical mechanisms that may lie behind the results obtained are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Life-style and death patterns of the Missouri RLDS church members.

Members of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (RLDS) are dissuaded from the use of tobacco, alcohol, and hot drinks. A well-balanced diet is also stressed. This study compares the 1972-78 mortality experience of the Missouri RLDS with three other population groups. The findings show Missouri RLDS experiencing age-adjusted death rates which are 22.6 percent lower than rates for Missouri non-RLDs whites; 19.6 per cent lower than the non-RLDS of Independence, Missouri; and 14.4 per cent lower than Utah residents. The RLDS display lower death rates than the two Missouri comparison groups for each of seven selected causes-particularly lung cancer, pneumonia/influenza, and violent deaths. Comparisons between the Missouri RLDS and Utah residents show an inconsistent pattern, with Utah residents having non-significantly lower death rates for lung cancer and ischemic heart disease, but with the Missouri RLDS having significantly lower rates for pneumonia/influenza and violent deaths. These inconsistencies are of interest because 72 per cent of Utah's population belong to the Mormon Church which advocates life-styles similar to the RLDS. If these disparate mortality patterns persist under a more direct comparison between the Missouri RLDS and Utah Mormons, they could provide the opportunity to assess the impact of similar life-styles in separate settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Changes in life style following mental hospitalization.

The life situations of discharged mental hospital patients were examined by comparing living arrangements, employment, financial support, and role functioning before and after hospitalization for a sample of patients released from three state mental hospitals. Results indicate significant negative change for both males and females. These negative consequences seemed to be most often due to loss of employment and the accompanying decrease in financial support. Three possible explanations for the findings are discussed:a)effects of the hospitalization;b)effects of the psychiatric illness; or c) prior role socialization and competence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Research on Pisa University student's life style and health].

Surveys on life and health conditions of university students besides providing useful epidemiologic data partly related to the young population. They are potentially useful for the intervention planning aimed to remove possible environmental or behavioural risk factors. Following these purpose a survey sample about 1200 student attending the University of Pisa was carried out through an anonymous questionnaire about 41 questions focused on behaviours and lifestyles of young people, possible health problems, self-perception of the health state, the use of public health services, and the more commonly used (or preferred) sources of information on health topics. The results suggest that although the self perception of the state of health is broadly positive for the majority of students, there is also a significant frequency of individuals declaring significant at risk behaviours (persistence of sexual practices at risk, drug use, alcohol and smoke abuse). The consumption, also sporadic, of psicoattive substances has been declared gives beyond 40% of the students, in particular 37% asserts to have tried drugs. The habit to smoke appeared diffused much between the students; the percentage of smokers turns out equal to 41% in total (40% females, 42% males). 76% of the interviewed ones has declared to be sexually active, the percentage of those who have declared multiple relations or occasional is elevated (12%), and 47% of the students asserts to use the condom with fixed partner and 77% with occasional partner. Moreover there seems to be a significant association between the changes in the diet and other lifestyles that are due to the "university lifestyle" (as a consequence of leaving the family or increased commuting) and the insurgence of several types of sickness, e.g. gastroenteric disturbances and fever attacks. Finally, the present investigation suggests that few interventions on services offered to students (such as accommodation, teaching structures and especially the creation of a "health office" where students can acquire information on health and other topics related to their condition) could have a significantly beneficial impact on the general state of health of the university population.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Dyspepsia and life style].

Information on eating habits, life situation and perceived stress was collected from 100 patients who consulted general practitioner because of dyspeptic complaints. This information was compared with information from a control group with no dyspeptic symptoms. The patients reported a higher degree of stress in connection with occupation and family, and more economic worries, than the control group. Patients with ulcus also tended to have a higher consumption of tobacco. There were no significant differences in eating habits or alcohol consumption between the groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nutrition of the elderly in a Mediterranean city in Spain: effects of life-style patterns.

We studied the food intake in a representative sample (121 males, 202 females) of the elderly people (greater than 60 years) of the city of Reus (Spain) living at home. The analysis of the consumption of nutrients revealed an energy intake lower than recommended but similar to that found in other surveys dealing with the same age group. We observed that in our elderly people, the major food sources of caloric intake were different in relation to those of adults of the same population. The distribution of energy percentage derived from several macronutrients is different in the elderly in relation to adults (35-64 yr) and children (3-4 yr) of the same population. In younger people there was a remarkably energy excess derived from lipids if compared with the recommended allowances, which does not occur in the elderly group. Among all the sociocultural characteristics of the individuals, the type of life-style is revealed as the major explanation of the differences in intake. The elderly males who live with younger people consume more energy (p less than 0.01), lipids (p less than 0.001) and carbohydrates (p less than 0.05) than those who live only with other old people. In elderly people living with younger ones, the energy sources become unbalanced in the same way as in the young people. We have not found any differences in the biotype of the elderly men in relation to the patterns of life-style which may explain the different intakes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The incidence of atopic dermatitis in school entrants is associated with individual life-style factors but not with local environmental factors in Hannover, Germany.

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease in childhood. Micro- and macro-environmental factors have not yet been studied simultaneously in a large cohort of the same area in detail. OBJECTIVES: The incidence of AD was investigated in 97% of all school entrants (n = 4219) in the city of Hannover, Germany, with regard to the influence of individual and environmental factors. METHODS: A standardized questionnaire based on the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka that has the sensitivity and specificity of 97% compared with the clinical diagnosis of a dermatologist and a logistic regression model were used. Multiple local-based environmental factors were analysed for all 49 city quarters. RESULTS: Of all children studied, 10.5% suffered from AD at some time in their lives. The frequency of AD was significantly increasing with more privileged socio-economic status (P < 0.01). Independent factors that were associated with a higher frequency of AD were German nationality (12.4% AD compared with 2.1% in non-German), higher paternal socio-economic status (i.e. father's profession), higher daily duration of the fathers' professional work and the lack of paternal shift work. In contrast, there was no significant association between the frequency of AD and local environmental factors such as the biological effective level of air pollution and urbanization. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we confirm an association between a privileged life-style and a higher incidence of AD in a large number of investigated children between 5 and 9 years of age (97.6% of children were 6 or 7 years old) for the German city of Hannover. We propose the socio-economic status as a marker for different life-styles and social micro-environments in further studies as there were multiple significant correlations between individual social and environmental factors. The macro-environment seems to be less important for the disease outcome in this context.

Child↗
PubMed1971

[Life style].

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Life Style↗