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Results for “Lincomycin”

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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[Off-label use of lincomycin hydrochloride in 2 horses. Dysbacteriosis and fatal complications due to inadequate symptomatic therapy].

A lawyer inquired about the possible harmful effects of 'off-label use' of lincomycin in two trotting horses. From information in the relevant dossier it could be concluded that there was no direct indication to use antibiotics. In addition, mistakes were made in the medicinal treatment of horses, namely, the off-label use of lincomycin without prior consultation with the manufacturer, fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy not continued for long enough, and incorrect use of antipyretic analgesics. The intravenous administration of gentamicin to dehydrated patients is permissible only in combination with adequate administration of fluids and electrolytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Studies of the effect of cephradine and lincomycin on dynamics of selected parameters of nonspecific cellular immunity in experimental animals].

Rabbits of group I received cephradine i.m. and of group II lincomycin in mean therapeutic doses (calculated by body weight) for seven days. Determinations were performed before application of antibiotics and at 7, 14, 28 and 42 days of the study. Following tests were performed: phagocytosis index by determination of phagocytizing neutrophils, phagocytosis index and the NBT test. After application of cephradine, each determination revealed significant decrease of percentage of phagocytosing neutrophils, whereas phagocyte index was lowered at 14 day and the NBT value in 14 and 28 days of investigation. After application of lincomycin, value of percentage of phagocytosing neutrophils was lowered at the 14 day, and of phagocytosis index at the 7 day. NBT test values were lowered at 7 and 28 day and increased at the 42 day of the study.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Studies on the effect of cephradine, cefuroxime, lincomycin and amikacin on complement levels in experimental animals].

Rabbits were injected intramuscularily with antibiotics in mean therapeutic doses (calculated by body weight) for the period of 7 days. Group I received cephradine, group II--cefuroxime, group III--lincomycin and group IV--amikacin. Determination of complement level by CH50 method was performed before application of antibiotics and at 7, 14, 28 and 42 day of the study. Application of the cephalosporin antibiotics did not result in any changes in the complement level. After application of lincomycin, complement level increased at the 17 day and after amikacin treatment it was higher after 7 days of investigation.

Amikacin↗

PubMed1977

[Comparative study of the effect of aeration conditions on the biosynthesis of oxytetracycline by an actinomyces rimosus culture and of lincomycin by an Actinomyces roesolus culture].

The effect of aeration conditions on growth of the oxytetracycline- and lincomycin-producing organisms and antibiotic biosynthesis was studied. It was shown that the lincomycin-producing organism respiration rate was much higher and required better aeration condition-than the oxytetracycline-producing organism. The highest respiration rate of the young myces lium was observed in the growth phase. During the period of the antibiotic biosynthesis the rate of oxygen consumption somewhat decreased though remained sufficiently high. Decreased productivity of the mycelium at the end of the process was accompanied by a drop in the respiration rate. The lack of oxgen lowered the mycelium productivity with respect to the antibiotic formation to a much much greater extent than the culture growth rate. The limiting of the antibiotic biosynthesis process by the lack of dissolved oxygen was accompanied by changes in the culture metabolism evident from production of organic acids: ketoacids and volatile acids by Act. rimosus and volatile and lactic acids by Act. roseolus.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed1995

[Excretion of erythromycin, clindamycin and lincomycin into the saliva].

In rabbit experiments (n = 10) the salivary and serum levels of several antibiotics were studied after per os (clindamycin, erythromycin and lincomycin) and iv. (erythromycin) administration. Erythromycin was excreted into the saliva in a considerable degree (in 60-75% of the serum level) and displayed therapeutical levels for 5-6 hrs, whereas clindamycin and lincomycin reached in the saliva only 25-30% of the serum level and therapeutic levels were maintained only for 3 hours.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1977

[Cytomorphological study of lincomycin toxicity].

It was concluded on the basis of the analysis pf the experimental data that lincomycin had a low cytotoxic effect in cell culture and exerted no embryotoxic effect on chick embryoes. Histological examinations showed that on intravenous administration lincomycin had a low irritating effect on the vessel walls and on intramuscular administration it had an insignificant irritating effect without any signs of total toxic effect.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Suppression and control of experimentally induced procine coccidiosis with chlortetracycline combination, buquinolate, and lincomycin hydrochloride.

Weaned pigs were divided into nonmedicated control and medicated principal groups and 3 days later were exposed to infective oocysts comprised of mixed species of swine origin. In separate experiments, a chlortetracycline combination (plus sulfamethazine and penicilin), buquinolate, or lincomycin was administered prophylactically to the principals, starting 3 days before they were exposed to infection, and then was evaluated for efficacy against the experimental exposures. Comparisons between control and principal groups were made on the basis of fecal oocyst counts, fecal consistencies, and body weight gains. On the basis of oocyst counts, both chlortetracycline combination and buquinolate minimized the development of coccidial populations in groups given medicated feed; nonmedicated controls discharged substantial numbers of oocysts. Lincomycin medication was not effective in pigs given 111 mg/kg of feed; it was effective at dose levels of 330 mg/kg of feed and at 22 mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly. Medicated principals always gained more weight on the average than did their infected nonmedicated controls during the experiments. The data on oocyst production support the position that the 3 compounds can function as coccidiostats in swine.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Screening and confirmatory methods for determining lincomycin residues in animal tissues.

Methods for screening and for confirming residues of lincomycin in animal tissues, both sensitive to 0.1 ppm, are described. In the screening technique, residues are extracted, cleaned up by solvent partition, and detected by microbiological plate assay. In the confirmatory technique, residues are cleaned up on an unfunctionalized macroreticular-type resin column, concentrated, chromatographed on thin layer plates, and detected by bioautography. This system was effective in identifying lincomycin in the presence of 20 other antibiotics and chemicals used in the animal health industry.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis of dairy cows with a combination of lincomycin and neomycin, or penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin.

AIM: To compare clinical and bacteriological cure rates of clinical mastitis following treatment with intramammary preparations containing either lincomycin and neomycin or penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin. METHODS: Cases of clinical mastitis were sourced from four seasonal-calving dairy herds in the central Waikato region of New Zealand during the first 120 days of lactation. Affected quarters were infused three times at 12 h intervals with either 333 mg lincomycin plus 100 mg neomycin (lin/neo; 197 glands),or 1,000 mg penicillin plus 500 mg dihydrostreptomycin (pen/DHS; 207 glands). Milk samples were collected for bacteriology from each quarter immediately before and approximately 21 days after initiation of treatment. Additionally, a composite milk sample from each cow was collected, on average, 54 days after enrolment for assessment of milk yield, composition and somatic cell count (SCC). The probability of bacterial cure was initially analysed using Chi-squared analysis, and factors that were associated (p<0.2) were offered to a reverse stepwise logistic regression model. Continuous variables (e.g. milk solids production and log10 SCC) were analysed using general linear models. RESULTS: A total of 404 quarters diagnosed with clinical mastitis, from 282 cows in the first 120 days of lactation, were included. Streptococcus uberis, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 56.5%, 18.8% and 10.0% of the bacteriologically positive quarters. There was no difference in the bacteriological cure rate (76.7% vs 76.7%, OR=0.94; p>0.8), the log10 SCC (2.1, SE 0.1, vs 2.0, SE 0.1; p>0.3) or milk production (1.2, SE 0.1, vs 1.2, SE 0.1, kg milksolids/cow/day; p>0.7) between lin/neo vs pen/DHS treatments, respectively. However, the proportion of cows re-treated following initial treatment was higher for the lin/neo compared to pen/DHS-treated group (16.3% vs 5.2%, OR=3.46; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: No difference in bacteriological cure rate, milk production or SCC was evident between lin/neo and pen/DHS intramammary treatments for clinical mastitis in dairy cows during the first 120 days of lactation.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1965

LINCOMYCIN IN DERMATOLOGIC PRACTICE.

In clinical studies with a new oral antibiotic, lincomycin, excellent results were obtained in the treatment of carbuncles, furuncles, folliculitis, cellulitis, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, pyonychias and dermatitis infectiosa eczematoides due to coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and to Streptococcus hemolyticus Type A. Encouraging results were noted in a small series of acne conglobata (cystic acne). Loose stools and diarrhea were frequently encountered but these symptoms abated when the dosage was reduced.

Acne Vulgaris↗

PubMed1976

Prophylactic lincomycin in the prevention of wound infection following appendicectomy: a double blind study.

The prophylactic use of a single dose of lincomycin in 100 patients undergoing appendicectomy reduced the incidence of postoperative wound infection from 17 to 6 per cent compared with a similar group of control patients. There was no correlation with the histological finding in the appendix, but patients with perforated appendicitis were excluded from the study. Bacteriological examination of the appendix area before surgery showed that Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli were the organisms most frequently isolated. The majority of wound infections were due to B. fragilis, either alone or in association with aerobic organisms, but infection due to E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus also occurred. Systemic antibiotic therapy can successfully reduce the complications following appendicectomy but it is necessary to use a compound with activity against anaerobic organisms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Further observations in lincomycin-induced cholelithiasis in guinea-pigs.

Further experiments are reported on Lincomycin-induced cholelithiasis in guinea-pigs. The biochemical events in the bile and blood, and the chemical composition of gallstones, have been studied. The gallstones resemble human pigment stones in chemical composition. The clear hepatic bile and the normality of the bile salt--phospholipid--cholesterol equilibrium, the rise in beta-glucuronidase and hexosamine levels with the gallbladder, have reaffirmed that epithelial injury is most probably the primary lithogenic factor. Ligation of the cystic duct and the construction of a common hepatic duct-duodenum bypass did not prevent the development of acute cholecystitis, suggesting the lithogenic factor was mediated through the blood circulation and not through the enterohepatic circulation of bile.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Familial pseudomembranous colitis and its relation to lincomycin therapy.

Severe pseudomembranous colitis was observed in 3 members of a single family: the father and 2 of his children. 2 of the affected family members received the antibiotic lincomycin prior to the onset of their symptoms. The findings in this family raise the possibility that antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis in some patients may be the result of a pharmacogenetic interaction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Absorption of lincomycin through the respiratory pathways and its influence on alveolar macrophages after aerosol administration to chickens.

A concentration of 250 mg m-3 lincomycin was administered by aerosol to 40 chickens, weighing between 1900 and 2200 g. The birds were killed in groups of five at different intervals after dosing, and the trachea, lungs and blood serum were examined for antibiotic content by bioassay. The antibiotic was present at high levels in the trachea for one to 24 hours, and significant levels were present in the lungs and serum. Respiratory macrophages were obtained from the lungs and air sacs of the chickens by lavaging through the surgically prepared trachea with a paediatric urinary catheter. The macrophages were identified by morphology as round or slightly amorphous, refractile, frequently grannular cells; they phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus 6538.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1989

Lincomycin treatment of guinea pigs causes formation of pigmented phosphate containing gallbladder sludge and stones.

We studied the mechanism of gallbladder sludge formation in guinea pigs (n = 30) treated with lincomycin (80 mg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days. At sacrifice (day 8) gallbladders of treated animals contained turbid bile, sludge and in one animal a single gallstone. The precipitates were amorphous on X-ray diffraction. Infra-red spectroscopy revealed calcium phosphate as the major component. Compared to saline-treated controls (n = 15) concentrations of total protein, total phosphate and total bilirubin in gallbladder bile were significantly increased (P less than 0.05). The increase in total phosphate was due to the inorganic component, since phospholipid phosphorus was unchanged. The relative amounts of unconjugated bilirubin and of bilirubin mono- and diconjugates in gallbladder bile were unaffected by treatment as was beta-glucuronidase activity. However, sludge was enriched in unconjugated bilirubin compared to gallbladder bile. This was most probably caused by alkaline hydrolysis of bilirubin monoconjugates. To some extent, disproportionation of bilirubin monoconjugates in bile or sludge, either in vivo or during sample preparation, might also have led to increased unconjugated pigment.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

pBMSa1, a plasmid from a dairy cow isolate of Staphylococcus aureus, encodes a lincomycin resistance determinant and replicates by the rolling-circle mechanism.

This work describes a novel plasmid encoding resistance to lincomycin in a staphylococcal isolate associated with mastitis infection from dairy cows. The cryptic plasmid pBMSa1 (2750 bp) of Staphylococcus aureus SA35 was subcloned and sequenced. Two ORFs (ORF1 and ORF2) were identified, and their putative transcription initiation and Shine-Dalgarno sequence were localized. ORF1 encodes a 334-residue protein almost identical to the putative Rep proteins of previously sequenced S. aureus rolling-circle-replicating plasmids. ORF2 encodes a 162-amino acid protein sharing a high degree of homology with LinA proteins (lincosamide O-nucleotidyltransferases) described in a variety of S. aureus strains. Intracellular single-stranded pBMSa1 DNA replicating intermediaries were detected, suggesting replication via the rolling-circle mechanism. A putative double-strand origin with significant homology to that of pC194 and a ssoA-type single-strand origin homologous sequence were also identified.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1999

Failure of antibiotics gentamycin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin to eliminate Mycoplasma bovis in artificially infected frozen bovine semen.

To study the effect of antibiotics upon Mycoplasma bovis in fresh bovine semen just before freezing, specimens of bovine semen were artificially infected with 1 of 9 different strains of M. bovis. Inocula of each strain were prepared to contain 10(5) to 10(6)/mL colony-forming units of M. bovis at 3 different stages of the growth phase. The infected semen was diluted with a Tris extender by a 3-step procedure using an antibiotic mixture of gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin (GTLS). This semen-antibiotic mixture was placed into French straws that were stored at -196 degrees C. The control semen specimens contained no antibiotics Mycoplasmas were counted after 8 d of storage in 3 decimal dilutions of the frozen semen. No evident effect was noticed upon the 9 tested strains of mycoplasmas in the semen frozen with the antibiotics, compared with that of the untreated control samples. It was further shown that this lack of effect was irrespective of the stage of the growth phase of the mycoplasmas. It was concluded that the antibiotic mixture (GTLS) in semen specimens is not capable of total elimination of mycoplasmas in frozen bovine semen.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Analysis of a formulation containing lincomycin and spectinomycin by liquid chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection.

A reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic method using a base deactivated column and pulsed electrochemical detection on a gold electrode is described. It allows the separation of a mixture of spectinomycin sulfate, lincomycin hydrochloride and their related substances. A step gradient was necessary to obtain a good separation together with a reasonable analysis time of 40 min. The mobile phases consisted of an aqueous solution of 3.3 or 0.55 g/l pentanesulfonic acid, 10 mM acetic acid and 20 ml/l tetrahydrofuran. Both mobile phases were adjusted to pH 4.0 with diluted sodium hydroxide. The influence of the different chromatographic parameters on the separation was investigated. Two commercial samples were analyzed using the described method. In total 12 components could be separated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗