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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Formalising and acquiring model-based hypertext in medicine: an integrative approach.

Combining a knowledge acquisition methodology with a powerful data model we present an approach to the acquisition, maintenance and browsing of scientific medical hypertext. The hypergraph-based data model supports the consistent treatment of cyclic data structures, the nesting of complex object and provides an elegant way of path declaration to represent time-dependent medical processes or large hypertext tours. It encourages a stepwise schema design and therefore supports a spiral-shaped acquisition process. We formally define view mechanisms on the basis of a rule-based query and modification language. The views enable a context-sensitive presentation of medical knowledge according to the informational needs of the physician. Our approach has been applied to the implementation of an authoring and tutoring environment for a computer-based hypermedia reference book for cerebrovascular diseases (NeuroN). During the acquisition process the expressive power and flexibility of the representational formats have been evaluated.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1998

Rationale and design considerations for a semantic mediator in health information systems.

Rapid development of community health information networks raises the issue of semantic interoperability between distributed and heterogeneous systems. Indeed, operational health information systems originate from heterogeneous teams of independent developers and have to cooperate in order to exchange data and services. A good cooperation is based on a good understanding of the messages exchanged between the systems. The main issue of semantic interoperability is to ensure that the exchange is not only possible but also meaningful. The main objective of this paper is to analyze semantic interoperability from a software engineering point of view. It describes the principles for the design of a semantic mediator (SM) in the framework of a distributed object manager (DOM). The mediator is itself a component that should allow the exchange of messages independently of languages and platforms. The functional architecture of such a SM is detailed. These principles have been partly applied in the context of the HELIOS object-oriented software engineering environment. The resulting service components are presented with their current state of achievement.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Domain ontologies in software engineering: use of Protégé with the EON architecture.

Domain ontologies are formal descriptions of the classes of concepts and the relationships among those concepts that describe an application area. The Protégé software-engineering methodology provides a clear division between domain ontologies and domain-independent problem-solvers that, when mapped to domain ontologies, can solve application tasks. The Protégé approach allows domain ontologies to inform the total software-engineering process, and for ontologies to be shared among a variety of problem-solving components. We illustrate the approach by describing the development of EON, a set of middleware components that automate various aspects of protocol-directed therapy. Our work illustrates the organizing effect that domain ontologies can have on the software-development process. Ontologies, like all formal representations, have limitations in their ability to capture the semantics of application areas. Nevertheless, the capability of ontologies to encode clinical distinctions not usually captured by controlled medical terminologies provides significant advantages for developers and maintainers of clinical software applications.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1997

Mary J. Nielubowicz Award. Bringing nurses on-line: implementing nursing informatics.

Processing the vast amount of information required to provide quality nursing and health care today is an immense task. The Surgeon General of the Navy recently updated the Department's "Vision for the Future." He challenged Navy medicine to become a leader in technology integration. Shifting toward a managed-care environment makes it imperative for health care organizations and their personnel to integrate data, information, and systems at all levels. Implementation of a coordinator to assist nursing users with this technology is proving essential. This essay describes how one nursing directorate at a Naval hospital implemented a full-time staff member as Nursing Informatics Coordinator to serve in this role. Receiving and using data and information in the practice of nursing is vital to the profession. Specific factors identifying the reasons for development of this role, impact achieved, opportunities encountered, and the future of the position are addressed.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1994

The organization of statistical activities at medical research institutions.

In this paper, we discuss the organizational structure for the conduct of statistical activities at medical Colleges and Universities. Here, we have particularly focused on two significant statistical activities, i.e., statistical consultation and research. The consulting service for medical researchers consists of practical statistical analysis, instruction on computer manipulation and software, response to reviewer's comments and statistical design of prospective studies. From our various experiences, we describe the actual implementation of statistical consultations for medical researchers. It has played an important role in supporting medical research. In addition, we also outline some research, with respect to new ways of applying statistics in medical science. This paper concludes that it may be practical for the existing computer center or department of medical informatics, in charge of the computing service, to conduct statistical activities until formal organizations are established at the academic institution. To realize the conduct of statistical activities by Department of Medical Informatics, it needs a team of biostatisticians, data analysts and computer personnel.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1995

Bridging theory and practice: cognitive science and medical informatics.

Medical informatics has experienced dramatic growth, both as an applied and as a research discipline in recent years. In this paper, we argue that there is a need to expand the research base to characterize the cognitive dimension of informatics. Theories and methods from cognitive science can provide an effective counterpart to traditional medical informatics in addressing issues of usability of the systems, the processing of information, and the training of physicians. In the first part of the paper, we address the problems inherent in applying basic theories to practice and suggest some potential solutions. The second section deals with epistemological issues that are fundamental to cognitive science research and medical informatics. We then discuss two areas of application of cognitive scientific theories and methods to medical informatics: cognitive evaluation of human computer interface and intelligent medical decision support systems. The paper addresses the progress that has been made thus far and discusses how future cognitive research can facilitate further growth in the development of these applications.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1995

A theoretical approach to artificial intelligence systems in medicine.

The various theoretical models of disease, the nosology which is accepted by the medical community and the prevalent logic of diagnosis determine both the medical approach as well as the development of the relevant technology including the structure and function of the A.I. systems involved. A.I. systems in medicine, in addition to the specific parameters which enable them to reach a diagnostic and/or therapeutic proposal, entail implicitly theoretical assumptions and socio-cultural attitudes which prejudice the orientation and the final outcome of the procedure. The various models -causal, probabilistic, case-based etc. -are critically examined and their ethical and methodological limitations are brought to light. The lack of a self-consistent theoretical framework in medicine, the multi-faceted character of the human organism as well as the non-explicit nature of the theoretical assumptions involved in A.I. systems restrict them to the role of decision supporting "instruments" rather than regarding them as decision making "devices". This supporting role and, especially, the important function which A.I. systems should have in the structure, the methods and the content of medical education underscore the need of further research in the theoretical aspects and the actual development of such systems.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2000

[Current responsibility of information processing in gynecology].

Rapid development and innovative research in medical computer science influences physicians work. Not only new hardware but also network implementation changed the way of decision making techniques in medicine. The main reason for acceptance and distribution of the internet is the possibility to present information in a reasonable and contemporary way. A self-labeling of medical information by web authors and systematic critical appraisal of health-related internet information by third parties may help to filter harmful health information and to positively identify and select high quality information. The German Work Group for Information Technologies in Gynecology and Obstetrics (AIG) informs physicians about health care issues related to computer science.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2000

[The current status of information technology publications in gynecology].

In 1997, the Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie introduced a new column named "Computer & Programs" in which articles on information technology of special interest for gynecologists are published. Until today, the Zentralblatt is the only German journal publishing articles of that kind. Even in Anglo-American journals no comparable articles are published, although the US have a leading role in computer and internet technology in general.

Computers↗
PubMed2001

Trends in technology and the future intensive care unit.

As advanced as today's critical care units are, changes in networks, computing platforms, instrumentation, human-machine interfaces, and software infrastructures and work being done in interoperability, process automation, and decision support all promise to alter both the structure and the operation of future critical unit settings. Although, as Yogi Berra said, "It's tough to make predictions, especially about the future," we can gain of a sense of the possibilities by studying emerging trends in each of these information technology-related areas. After describing notional physical and functional architectures for today's critical care units, this article provides a high-level overview of a number of trends in the areas listed above and provides the reader with starting points for further study. Although each of these trends may be fairly unremarkable when taken in isolation, when considered as a whole, the implications for critical care are profound. To that end, a final section of the article speculates on specific ways that these trends are likely to play themselves out in the context of tomorrow's critical care environments.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

A telemedicine management model based on message-trigger service.

A telemedicine system model, based on a message-trigger service, is described. This model distributes system applications on multiple computers and establishes a communication platform to exchange messages among all applications. By broadcasting event messages, an application is able to trigger a set of local and remote services. At the same time, a protocol for message exchange is proposed to fulfill cooperation of applications. To validate the model, a teleconsultation system is designed. The results indicate that the model has good compatibility and that the characteristics are easy to implement.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

Technological changes in the healthcare sector. A method to assess change readiness.

This paper describes the theory, method and recent results of a study developing methods for assessment of change readiness. The empirical focus is on development and implementation of clinical IT systems in the Danish healthcare sector. To assess change readiness, a questionnaire has been developed. The questionnaire has been tested in a hospital department as a part of a pre analysis related to development and implementation of an IT quality assurance system. The study shows a general positive attitude to the IT system and the organisational changes, related to the implementation and use of the system. It also supplies the project organisation with specific information, useful to the project organisation to continue the essential dialogue with the healthcare professionals during the change process. Furthermore it provides a useful tool for planning the ongoing developing processes. Several other healthcare organisations are at the moment entering the study.

Attitude to Computers↗