[Data processing with regard to premature labor].
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The evolution of present day attitudes toward maintaining standards of medical care in the United States is described, and the main methods identified. Their influence on current practice is discussed, and application made to the promotion of high standards of care in British general practice.
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A broadened procedure to be used in examining abese children are described. These include an analysis of the history data according to specially worked out schemes, the determination of the basal metabolism and energy expenditures of the naturt of fat deposition, characteristics of the lipids metabolism and the coefficient of the effectiveness of the alimentary fatty acids metabolization.
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The Problem Oriented Medical Record is ideally suited to the documentation and management of patients with spinal cord injury, with their involvement of multiple organ systems and need for long term follow-up. The classic format described by Weed has been modified by use of a predetermined problem list, subdividing spinal cord injury into eight problems. We find this method to be of value in organizing the records and managing patients, from the acute phase to the follow-up phase, and additionally in organizing the records of long term patients when seen in follow-up. The problems listed are: 1--neurologic injury; 2--spinal skeletal injury; 3--other injuries; 4--general medical conditions; 5--urologic; 6--gastrointestinal; 7--sexual function; 8--rehabilitation. As complications or other problems arise, they are added to this list. Presented are two case histories, one of a long term patient and the other of a patient with new acute spinal cord injury to illustrate the application of this method.
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A protocol for upper-respiratory tract complaints was administered to 226 patients in a walk-in clinic. The protocol, for use by a physician-extender in conjunction with a physician, specified the collection of data necessary for management. A decision-making algorithm separated the major causes of upper respiratory infection (URI) complaints and led to one of four plans: a physician referral, a culture only, antibiotic treatment, or symptomatic treatment only. Each patient was seen by a physician following the health assistant's interview. Of 226 patients, 96 (42 percent) would have been sent home by the protocol without seeing the physician. None of these had a complication of URI. Sixteen (seven percent) of the 226 had serious complications - all would have been referred to the physician. The protocol proved to be safe and efficient, acceptable to patients, and a reliable approach to physician-extender management of URI.
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We present a detailed anterospective inventory on headache which has been developed systematically with several alterations in the course of the experience of several years. It offers the possibility of an almost complete collection of data which can be fed directly into a computer and it appears to be a valuable aid in the training of new co-workers. Some clinical results are discussed on the basis of the inventory.
As part of a demonstration study, 567 male patients presenting to a "walk-in" clinic with common genitourinary complaints were interviewed by health assistants guided by a protocol. Independent examination of 19 patients by a health assistant and a physician formally demonstrated that the health assistants could collect the clinical data accurately. Forty-four patients were then randomly chosen to be examined, diagnosed and treated either by a health assistant guided by the protocol and supported by an available physician, or only by a physician. Using medical records and a follow-up interview, we assessed the thoroughness of the medical record, adequacy of diagnosis and treatment, symptom relief, patient satisfaction and patient education: the health assistant-protocol system proved as safe and effective as the MD-only system, and the health assistants were able to manage 68% of patients without involving the physician. The study suggests that briefly-trained health assistants may help save physician and nurse time, and that the development of protocols can help set standards for the medical management of defined problems while providing a mechanism for rapidly creating a complete medical record which can be easily audited for conformance with standards.
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