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PubMed1995

Position of the American Dietetic Association: food and nutrition misinformation.

Food and nutrition experts, including ADA members, need to take an active role in helping consumers recognize misinformation. The challenge of dealing with food and nutrition misinformation is long-standing and persistent. However, qualified dietetics professionals, in partnership with other members of the health-care team, educators, and representatives of the food industry, can be a forceful voice against food and nutrition misinformation. Qualified dietetics professionals can positively shape the food choices of Americans by collaborating with the media to communicate balanced nutrition information to consumers and to counter misinformation; writing letters to the editors of newspapers and magazines to counter inaccurate and biased articles; calling television and radio shows that interview nutrition extremists and purveyors of misinformation to express their professional concerns; directing the news media and consumers to responsible sources of nutrition information; encouraging researchers to present their results with a balanced perspective; collaborating with the food industry to provide reliable nutrition information; and cooperating with other practitioners to expose emerging misinformation, misbeliefs, frauds, and quackery before they are widely accepted.

Consumer Advocacy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Status of feeding services at Spanish hospitals with dietetic and clinical nutrition unit].

Nutrition at the hospital is substantial to the evolution of the disease. The number of diets in the surveyed hospital ranged between 15 and 70 and was not influenced by the hospital number of beds. The proportion of basal and therapeutic diets is similar (about 50% each), although the number of "special" diets increase with the hospital size. The average periodicity of menus is 14 days, while the optional "menu" is lower in bigger hospitals. The knowledge of the Diet Code in different hospitals is how between physicians and nurses in relation to other health and service professionals. The computerized ordering of diets is higher in those hospitals with more than 1500 beds (66%) and the manual request ranges between 65% and 80% in those with 200 to 1500 beds. Most hospitals have a centralised distribution system with a isothermal tray.

Food Service, Hospital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adherence to dietetic treatment, the nutritional metabolic status and the progression of chronic kidney failure].

Effects of two protein restricted diets on dietary compliance, nutritional and metabolic state, and progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) were investigated. Twenty-one patients with CRF were randomly assigned to either a conventional low protein diet (0.6 g of protein/kg b.w./day) or to a very low protein diet, providing 0.4 g of protein/kg b.w./day, supplemented with a mixture of essential amino acids which contained HIS, TYR and a high proportion of branched chain amino acids. Nutrition, assessed by body weight, anthropometry, serum protein levels and nitrogen balance studies, was maintained in all patients. Some metabolic abnormalities of CRF (i.e., secondary hyperparathyroidism, glucose intolerance) improved in both groups. The supplemented diet provided better adherence to protein prescription, corrected the depletion of VAL and LEU in muscle and was more effective than conventional diet in slowing the rate of progression of CFR.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Dietetic fiber in nutrition. Prophylactic and therapeutic activity and mechanism of action].

The unabsorbable carbohydrates (dietary fibre) are contained in variable degrees in the vegetable foodstuffs. It seems by now clearly demonstrated that high residue diets (rich in unabsorbable carbohydrates) significantly prevents, although in different ways, some organic intestinal and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1980

[Value of dietetics and general nutritional guidelines in the metaphylaxis of urinary calculi].

After a short historical survey the interest of our Socialist state in an optimum nutrition and nutritional education of the citizens is described. The importance of prophylaxis, therapy and metaphylaxis of urolithiasis is proved by the increasing morbidity rate of this disease (1-3%). Out of the series of vitamins above all the vitamin B6 is of importance in the oxalate lithiasis so that a diet rich in vitamin B6 is indicated. Of the quantity elements contained in nutrition calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are significant, wherefore the enteral supply of these elements is to be taken into consideration in the various kinds of urinary calculi. Furthermore, in carriers of calcium oxalate calculi nutrients rich in oxalic acid and in carriers of urinary calculi and in hyperuricaemia, respectively, nutrients rich in purine should be restricted. Adequate tables concerning the vitamin B6, Ca, P, Mg, oxalic acid and purine content of the nutrients are given. The increasing importance of the adiposity of carriers of uroliths is represented with the help of indices of our own urolith dispensary. Finally short references to diet for the 4 most important kinds of uroliths are proposed.

Diet↗
PubMed1980

[Nutritional investigations and dietetic note-book. An instrument to establish the diet of hyperlipidemic patients (author's transl)].

Whenever an excess of blood lipoids is revealed by laboratory tests, investigations should be conducted along two lines: etiological, aimed at detecting an underlying disease amenable to treatment, and dietetic, aimed at determining the patient's calorie intake. In every case, dietetic measures should begin with a normal-lipid, alcohol-free diet providing a number of calories adapted to the patient's weight. Calorie restriction is achieved at the expense of carbohydrates. This adaptation phase usually lasts 2 months. It is made easier by dietetic note-books where the amounts of each food are expressed as parts containing either 10 g of lipids or 10 g of glucides, and where fats are divided into predominantly saturated and unsaturated and glucides into slowly and rapidly absorbed. The problem of adapting the diet to the various types of hyperlipaemias is discussed. In most cases serum lipoprotein levels return to normal after 2 months of adequate diet, but it is essential to reeducate the patients in their eating habits, since successful re-education may help to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Diet, Reducing↗