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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The thenar muscles. New findings.

Examination of the thenar muscles in 30 anatomical preparations of the hand have shown that the abductor pollicis brevis, the opponens pollicis, and the adductor pollicis muscles are made up of several muscle bellies. The number and insertions of these bellies are varied. Both heads of flexor pollicis brevis do not originate from any particular muscle belly. The superficial head of this muscle always inserted into the head of the thumb metacarpal, either completely, or, some of the fibres of the dorsal aponeurosis of the thumb were attached to the base of the proximal phalanx. Furthermore the anatomy of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle was related to the presence of a tendinous slip from abductor pollicis longus. These variations could have an influence on proprioception in the thumb ray.

Hand↗
PubMed1994

Non-fixation of the colon in colonic atresia: a new finding.

Colonic atresia is a rare cause of congenital bowel obstruction. We have recently encountered two neonates with colonic atresia in whom the colon was displaced entirely to the midline on contrast enema examination. At surgery both patients had type III atresias (blind ends with a mesenteric defect), and were found to have non-fixation of the colon, accounting for its unusual midline positioning. This has not been previously described in the literature. In addition, one of the patients had a stormy post-operative course due to unsuspected Hirschsprung's disease. This represents the eighth case of associated colonic atresia and Hirschsprung's disease in the literature.

Colon↗
PubMed1987

New findings in the fatty acid composition of individual platelet phospholipids in man after dietary fish oil supplementation.

Nine healthy male volunteers were given 15 Max EPA fish oil capsules providing 2.67 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 omega 3) and 1.72 g of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 omega 3) daily for 3 wk. Measurements were taken at baseline, at the end of the fish-oil period, and at 2 and 6 wk postsupplementation. The effect of fish oil on plasma lipids and the fatty acid composition of individual platelet phospholipids was studied. In general, the proportions of 20:5 omega 3 and 22:6 omega 3 in platelet phosphoglycerides were substantially increased mainly at the expense of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 omega 6). A large and significant increase in the relative EPA content of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (P less than 0.001) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (P less than 0.001) was noted at the end of the 3 wk supplementation. We have also shown for the first time a small but significant (P less than 0.001) incorporation of EPA in phosphatidylserine (PS). Incorporation of DHA was also detected in PC, PE and PS, whereas the relative AA content of these phospholipids was significantly reduced. Fish oil supplementation led to a significant increase of 22:5 omega 3 in PS and decreases of 20:3 omega 6 in PC and 22:4 omega 6 in PE. Postsupplementation measurements showed a gradual return of all fatty acids to baseline levels. The fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) fraction remained unchanged throughout the trial period. We conclude that in humans omega 3 fatty acids are incorporated into platelet membrane phospholipid subclasses with a high degree of specificity.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Idiopathic megacolon. New findings on histopathology and musculo-mechanical causes].

Nineteen native surgical specimens of an idiopathic megacolon were histopathologically investigated and a lack of the tendon-like collagen III movement net of circular and longitudinal muscles observed, including a lack of the connective tissue layer of myenteric plexus. This disease of the muscularis propria could be considered as a desmolysis, a hypoplastic or an aplastic desmosis. With reference to the normal muscle mechanics of the gut, it is shown that the pathogenetic principle of the idiopathic megacolon consists in absence of the tendon-like connective tissue net in the muscularis propria which results in a lack of peristalsis of the gut, despite of a regular enteric innervation. This finding demonstrates that an idiopathic megacolon can be histopathologically verified in whole-mount biopsies and referred for curative surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

New findings concerning vertebrate porin.

Eukaryotic porin can be considered to be a good candidate for forming the channel component of the protein complex which, depending on the approach used, may realize its expression either as the outwardly-rectifying depolarization-induced chloride channel or as the volume-sensitive organic osmolyte-anion channel. As a basis for this proposition, we point to a series of correspondences in properties between mammalian porin and the ORDIC channel complex. Specifically, mammalian porin is expressed in the plasmalemma of different cells and chloride channels can be blocked by anti-human porin antibodies in astrocytes and endothelial cells. There is an indication of colocalisation of human porin and the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene product, CFTR, in the apical region of epithelial cells. The primary structure of porin from a CF patient was found to be normal. Cytosol and amniotic fluid fractions influence the channel characteristics of mammalian porin. Channel-active mammalian porin binds ATP and the stilbene disulphonate grouping of the chloride channel inhibitor DIDS. Human porin in black membranes is a pathway for taurine, and biogenic polyamines reduce the voltage dependence of human porin. Assuming the relationship between human porin and the ORDIC channel/VSOAC complex, studies on plasmalemma-integrated human porin have a relevance for CF research. In addition, we refer to a case study on a child with encephalomyopathy in which porin could not be detected using monoclonal anti-human porin antibodies. Our studies were based on purified and sequenced human porin from different cells and from different cell compartments. In addition, we raised antibodies against mature human porin or synthetic parts of the molecule. This provided a firm foundation for our topochemical work with which we were able to establish the multi-topological expression of eukaryotic porin channels. The data are summarized and discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

A new find of a Middle Pleistocene mandible from Bilzingsleben, Germany.

The Middle Pleistocene site at Bilzingsleben is being excavated by the Forschungsstelle Bilzingsleben, FSU Jena. It is a living floor with structures of settlement and a great number of Lower Palaeolithic cultural remains. So far, 28 human skull fragments have been discovered, which can be reconstructed into two individual skulls. Recently, the right mandible has also been discovered (Bilzingsleben E7). Morphological comparisons indicate that there is a great similarity to the mandibles of HI and BI of Sinanthropus. A strong likeness to Arago II and XIII was also discovered. There are various different archaic features which assign the Bilzingsleben mandible and the two skulls to the advanced Homo erectus.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. New findings for an old theory].

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia was based on the neuroleptical blockade of central dopamine D2 receptors. Brain imaging studies, however, generally failed to demonstrate a significant increase in central D2 receptors among schizophrenic patients. Using a novel approach, the group of Laruelle and Abi-Dargham was now able to demonstrate that schizophrenic patients have increased synaptic dopamine concentrations in the striatum. Endogenous dopamine competes with a radioligand for binding at dopamine D2 receptors; compared to healthy control subjects, blockade of dopamine production in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients induced a significantly higher increase in D2 binding of the infused radioligand, indicating higher endogenous synaptic dopamine. A similar increase in D2 binding was also observed in drug-free schizophrenics who had previously been treated with neuroleptics; these patients also showed an increased density of striatal D2 receptors, most likely due to counteradaptive upregulation of D2 receptors during neuroleptic medication. The Columbia study provides an important indication of hyperdopaminergic function in schizophrenia.

Corpus Striatum↗
PubMed2006

New findings on intermetacarpal fat pads: anatomy and imaging.

Many studies have focused on the functional importance of the gliding structures of the hand. These structures are clinically important in reconstructive surgery and mechanically essential for an efficient hand grasp. The aims of this study were to first review the intermetacarpal space and then focus on its fatty tissue, the intermetacarpal fat pad. This study used dissections and histological analysis of fetal and adult hands and CT scans of adult hands. The intermetacarpal fat pads are well-defined adipose structures located between the heads of the second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. They are located in spaces defined by the palmar fascia and its deep expansions. These spaces are closed distally but open proximally into the tunnels surrounding the flexor tendons (Legueu and Juvara canals). The pads are composed of non-mobilizable fat; they protect the neurovascular pedicles of the fingers. They may act with the palmar skin to mitigate compressive and shear forces during gripping. Finally they may be involved in neurological symptoms if their size is increased by any trauma or inflammatory process.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

The role of visuo-spatial working memory in map learning: new findings from a map drawing paradigm.

Recently, increasing attention has been devoted to the study of the role of visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) in environmental learning and spatial navigation. The present research was aimed at investigating the role of VSWM in map learning using a map drawing paradigm. In the first study, a dual task methodology was used. Results showed that map drawing was selectively impaired by a spatial tapping task that was executed during the map learning phase, hence supporting the hypothesis that VSWM plays an essential role in learning from maps. In the second study, using a correlational methodology, it was shown that performance in simultaneous VSWM tasks, but not in sequential VSWM tasks, predicted map drawing skills. These skills "in turn" correlated with map learning abilities. Finally, in the third study, we replicated the results of the second study, by using a different map. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to find evidence that the simultaneous aspects of VSWM play a fundamental role in learning from maps.

Adult↗