PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “New approach methodologies”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Salivary metal levels of orthodontic patients: a novel methodological and analytical approach.

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the nickel, chromium, and ferrous levels in a population of 17 orthodontic patients undergoing treatment, compared with seven untreated individuals, employing a novel methodological approach and a new analytical technique. Salivary samples obtained from patients before and after rinsing with double distilled water were processed for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for simultaneous estimation of the concentration of the metallic elements. No statistically significant difference was detected between control and patient groups with respect to salivary metal content, regardless of element. The range of salivary metal levels found did not exceed those of daily intake through food and air. The lack of a continuous monitoring scheme for salivary metal concentrations in real time may impose substantial obstacles to defining the release rate of metals in vivo. The results of this study emphasize the necessity of incorporating the dimension of time in assessing the release potential of orthodontic alloys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Phenon cluster analysis as a method to investigate epidemiological relatedness between sources of Campylobacter jejuni.

AIMS: To develop a method for assessing the relative epidemiological significance of possible infection sources for human campylobacteriosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), 243 apparently epidemiologically unrelated Campylobacter jejuni isolates were genotyped (77 human, 46 cattle, 49 pet and 71 poultry isolates). In total 136 different phena were identified, of which 48 were clusters grouping at least two isolates. Isolates from different sources were frequently clustered together, underlining the high degree of source mixing and the lack of host specificity of C. jejuni. The phena were classified into different phenon types according to the sources of the isolates they contained. The occurrence of these phenon types was analysed using an area-proportional Euler diagram to describe epidemiological relatedness among C. jejuni isolates. Group separation statistics revealed that 43% of analysed human isolates expressed maximum similarity to other human isolates, 9% to cattle isolates, 21% to pet isolates and 27% to poultry isolates; these results were in accordance with the pattern observed in the phenon cluster analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the grouping of strains into molecular similarity clusters, ecological patterns between sources can be investigated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This approach is a new methodological contribution to establish the relative epidemiological significance of concurrent infection sources.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Mentoring: a framework for developing health disparities researchers.

Health disparities have been conceptualized as being the result of a confluence of factors: environmental, social, biological, economic, and cultural to name a few. Given the increasingly deleterious impact of health disparities on the lives of all Americans, new research methodological research approaches are needed to adequately understand and address the component parts of health disparities. To effectively address health disparities, an increased focus is needed on implementing transdisciplinary approaches to health disparities research. One approach is to focus on mentoring young investigators and students. This article discusses the centrality of mentoring in developing young health disparities researchers. An overview of health disparities research and researchers, and a summary of the different aspects of mentoring are provided. In addition, a case study of the implementation of a transdisciplinary mentoring framework at a higher education institution is presented.

Career Mobility↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Integrative processes in modern epidemiology].

The integration of achievements in population ecology and the molecular genetics of pathogenic microorganisms into nowadays epidemiology of infectious diseases and the formation of its corresponding trends are discussed. The decisive role of highly complicated key problems of general epidemiology, such as the regularities of the autochthonous existence of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, the mechanisms of the pathogenicity regulation of infective agents and the formation of their epidemic variants, the mechanisms of the prolonged reservation of pathogenic bacteria at interepidemic (interepizootic) periods, the mechanisms of transformation of active (vegetative) and dormant forms in bacterial populations at different stages of epidemic and epizootic cycles, is demonstrated. The detection and analysis of such processes, and especially their latent mechanisms, become possible with the use of new concepts and methodological approaches, highly productive for the progress of epidemiology.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2003

How computer technologies might be used to foster professional development: a case report of www.perfusionkorea.org.

Advances in the Internet and communication technologies have enabled many perfusion-related websites to provide detailed and reliable information to perfusionists. However, these websites are also faced with various member needs that require updating for fast, flexible responses. Despite the rapid increase in the number of these websites, little is known about the structure, performance, and effective utilization methods of such websites. This case report examines the www.perfusionkorea.org, a virtual organization that works across space and time with links strengthened by webs of communication technologies. In addition, website maintenance and resource management tasks, which are important factors for long-term survival, are discussed using the log analyzer and internet protocol tracing programs. Finally, using www.perfusionkorea.org, as a prototype of virtual organization activities, what we can expect to see more commonly in the near future, is discussed. Although we used a tremendous amount of multimedia techniques to attract members, we found that the significance of the perfusionists' website would come from active participation of members rather than a new, complicated technology or eye-catching graphics. This case report shows the synergistic effects that Korea's application of the Internet to the field of perfusion. It also suggests that new methodological strategies and approaches can be developed and tested to provide perfusionists with a direction for tomorrow's health care system.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed2004

[Osteoarticular tuberculosis in children: data extrapolation of a specialized clinic to the situation in the Russian Federation].

Analyzing the activities of the Surgery Department for Osteoarticular Tuberculosis (OAT), Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, in children in 1990-2002 suggests that there is no system for comprehensive registration of OAT and in most cases its treatment is performed without taking into account the current surgical requirements. New organizational, methodological, therapeutic approaches recommended to ascertain the true OAT situation in children and to improve the results of its diagnosis and treatment, are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Proteomics and its role in medicine].

Proteomics is a new methodological and conceptual approach to the study of live systems, which aims to map the whole proteom - the protein complement of genome. It aspires to describe quantitatively and qualitatively all proteins present at the given moment in the cell, tissue or the organism. The principal tools of proteomics are separation techniques based on electrophoresis and chromatography, which are used to fractionate complex protein mixtures and namely the mass spectrometry used for the identification of individual proteins. Proteomics represents very young and rapid developing specialization, which has already proved its valuable potential for the study of various physiological and pathlogical molecular mechanisms and for the direct use in the diagnostics of serious diseases.

Chromatography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health impact assessment in New Zealand.

Health impact assessment (HIA) has its origins in environmental impact assessment methodology. New Zealand's approach to health impact assessment is consistent with other countries. During the 1990s, legislation that related to the management of natural and physical resources provided the basis for public health engagement in impact assessment. In the mid 1990s, the Public Health Commission released guidelines on health impact assessment that adopted a risk assessment approach and was aimed at particular environmental projects. The transition to policy-level impact assessment occurred in 2000 with the national health strategy identifying impact assessment as one its key objectives. Guidelines developed by the Public Health Advisory Committee in 2004 have been applied in a small number of policy-level health impact assessments in New Zealand. One of these projects was the review of a Liveable Communities Plan, a policy proposal for town centre growth and development.

Environmental Illness↗
PubMed1984

[Joint effect on the body of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic energy and noise].

A brief review is presented of the new views and methodological approach in hygienic standardization of the combined effect of the physical factors of the environment - ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic energy and noise. In the determination of the biological significance of the factors with their isolated or combined effect and integral logarithmic scale was introduced for the levels studied - the value of the factors, expressed in dB. The results from noise effect of the order 80 dB [A], ultrahigh frequency (UHE) - electromagnetic energy (P = 60 microW/cm2) and their combination reveal the ratio of the restoration periods I:I.9:2.6. Reduced to the logarithmic scale, the identical noise levels and UHF- electromagnetic energy (according to the exemplary result) have different biological significance. If the biological significance of noise is accepted as unity then the activity of the electromagnetic energy from UHF-range is with I.35 higher than that of the noise. With the combined effect of those factors reduced to an integral scale of the levels, the relative biological significance of the noise, electromagnetic energy and their combination has the values I:I.35:2.I. In that way of processing and analysis of the results from multiprofile researches the combined effect of the physical factors could be standardized.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Radionuclide techniques for the evaluation of renal function: advantages over conventional methodology.

Aspirin renography, a new approach for the detection of renovascular hypertension, is described and compared with captopril scintigraphy. The behaviour of the new radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-ethylenedicysteine is examined for the first time in patients with impaired renal function and compared with 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine and with orthoiodohippurate. It is not yet possible to draw final conclusions about the advantages of aspirin renography and 99mTc-ethylenedicisteine over established methods and radiopharmaceuticals, respectively. In the diagnostic evaluation of renal transplants the degree of parenchymal retention is crucial. A newly described method for its quantitation is simpler and apparently more accurate than the excretion index frequently used.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Measuring patients' satisfaction with nursing: 1990-1994.

Assessing patients' satisfaction with the care they receive is assuming greater importance in the new-style National Health Service. This paper reviews recent developments in the measurement of patients' satisfaction with nursing, including new approaches and taking into account increased interest in users' opinions. Studies published since 1990 generally demonstrate lack of clarity with regard to the purpose and intent of the study, as well as a lack of conceptual rigour and methodological investment. However, several new approaches were found upon which future nursing research could build.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

[Application of metabonomics in complicated theory system research of traditional Chinese medicine].

Metabonomics, a new and rapid-developing technology, will be powerful means to the research of complexed theory system and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Discovery of biomarkers and analysis of common properties from the metabolome of a specific TCM syndrome will facilitate the modernized study of TCM system, promote the quantitative and scientific elucidation of TCM syndrome differentiation, provide an in-depth understanding of the TCM theory of Zang-xiang, help predict the disease on-set, and achieve a comprehensive evaluation of systemic clinical efficacy, safety and mechanism of action of the TCM combination formulas along with a better understanding of intestinal microflora ecology. The new approach with combined metabonomics and TCM methodologies will provide a new pathway and methodology for the study of complicated theory system of TCM and its modernization.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2005

The psychological outcome of constitutional delay of growth and puberty.

Does being of short stature (SS) matter? Growth studies are important because endocrinologists need to be able to give not only diagnostic but also prognostic indication to those of SS, and give advice for or against treatment. Studies on body height may give significant insight into the behavioural-hypothalamic-pituitary axis underlying the surface effect on social behaviour. This research presents adult follow-up studies of 49 males who attended at a growth clinic as children and who were diagnosed as having the condition of maturational delay short stature (MDSS). From the psychological perspective, the elements of diagnosis and prognosis, attitudinal influences both social and individual, treatment, and psychological issues which could have bearing on SS are drawn together. Where there is a poor psychosocial outcome finding, the MDSS patients seem to be more like those with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. With GH deficiency (GHD), a poor psychosocial outcome of SS has been demonstrated with greater certainty. The current situation is that there remains divergence between previous SS outcome studies. Differing research SS psychosocial outcomes are analysed and a methodological explanation of past divergent outcomes is presented, being: (1) differences in sensitivity between psychological assessment tools; (2) Invalidation by confounding the psychological with sociological outcomes, and (3) confounding of results by failure to control for psychological states. An innovative new approach of changing the methodology of past SS research from the biological to the psychological perspective is employed: previous SS research has appointed height status as the independent variable, with psychosocial outcome as the dependent variable. The innovative approach in this research is to reverse that order and psychological status has been made the independent variable for both the MDSS and for a predetermined psychologically and physically healthy (PPH) comparison group of males. The results of the follow-up studies in this research indicate that there is an association between psychological distress and attained height which supports other studies where the findings indicate a poor psychological outcome associated with SS. It can therefore be concluded that the psychological status of children should be determined when they attend a growth clinic with concerns of SS.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Deferred consent. A new approach for resuscitation research on comatose patients.

Methodological constraints inherent in the rapidly growing field of resuscitation research have created an apparent conflict with newly promulgated federal regulations, especially those concerning informed consent requirements. We propose that two new concepts be applied to resuscitation research to satisfy the current federal regulations governing biomedical research. The first of these concepts is "minimal differential risk," ie, in resuscitation medicine, the difference between the risk of an undesirable outcome when standard, commonly accepted therapy may be used and the risk of an undesirable outcome with experimental therapy is minimal. The second concept is "deferred consent," ie, obtaining consent to continue with an experimental therapy after administration of that therapy has already begun. We believe that the emergency exception to informed consent applies to resuscitation research. Recognition of the applicability of these concepts to resuscitation research should allow compliance with federal and state regulations that otherwise might inhibit or preclude such research endeavors.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of cognitive load in multimedia learning using dual-task methodology.

In two pilot experiments, a new approach for the direct assessment of cognitive load during multimedia learning was tested that uses dual-task methodology. Using this approach, we obtained the same pattern of cognitive load as predicted by cognitive load theory when applied to multimedia learning: The audiovisual presentation of text-based and picture-based learning materials induced less cognitive load than the visual-only presentation of the same material. The findings confirm the utility of dual-task methodology as a promising approach for the assessment of cognitive load induced by complex multimedia learning systems.

Adult↗