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Results for “OPHTHALMOSCOPY”

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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Small optic cup sizes among women using tamoxifen: assessment with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

PURPOSE: There is a substantial literature showing that the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen can block swelling-activated chloride channels, such as those in astrocytes. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that anatomic characteristics consistent with swelling may be measured within the optic nerve head (ONH) of tamoxifen users whose ONH appearance is considered within normal limits. METHODS: Indices of ONH topography were measured using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT) for two populations of women ages 40-69 years: (1) subjects using tamoxifen (20 mg/day) as adjuvant therapy after successful primary treatment for breast cancer and (2) control subjects not using any hormonal medication. All subjects had excellent visual acuity (with 20/20 or better in the test eye), and all appeared to be free of eye disease, as based on conventional photographic assessment. The study design was cross-sectional. The various ONH indices were assessed as functions of the duration of tamoxifen use. RESULTS: The optic cups of short-term tamoxifen users ( 2 years, <or=5 years) were not distinguishable from those of the control subjects. The presence of small cups among short-term users did not depend on subjects' medical histories prior to tamoxifen use. Disk margin indices were not related significantly to the duration of tamoxifen use. CONCLUSIONS: Small cup sizes consistent with localized subclinical swelling are not rare among short-term tamoxifen users. Thus, small cups are not likely to be a manifestation of a cumulative-dose toxicity. Instead, they probably result from other causes, possibly involving the action of tamoxifen on estrogen receptors. Further investigation with longitudinal and interventional methodologies is needed to definitively interpret the results.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A new technique of indirect ophthalmoscopy for the eye plastic surgeon.

The coaxial fiberoptic headlight used by the lacrimal and orbital surgeon is an excellent light source for visualization of the retina. When employed in conjunction with a condensing lens, an inverted stereoscopic aerial image is produced. The eye plastic surgeon might therefore routinely examine the dilated patient in conjunction with lacrimal or orbital surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Direct ophthalmoscopy in pediatric emergency care.

Thorough knowledge about the basic ophthalmic examination is instrumental in the emergency department (ED) to determine the severity of eye emergencies and to develop a plan for treatment, including the possible need for an ophthalmology consultation. The direct ophthalmoscope is undoubtedly the most practical instrument available to a pediatric emergency physician for ophthalmic examination. However, the information elicited by its use is dependent on the quality of the instrument and the competency of the user. A greater understanding of the range of possibilities of the direct ophthalmoscope as a diagnostic tool will facilitate more efficient care of the pediatric patient.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Optic disc topography as measured by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and visual field loss in Japanese patients with primary open-angle or normal-tension glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To determine whether differences in the optic disc topography and those in the relation between the optic disc topography and visual field indices exist between Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: The study included consecutive Japanese patients with POAG (n = 60) or NTG (n = 60). Using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), we measured disc area, cup area, cup-to-disc area ratio, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, cup shape measure, and height variation contour. Each HRT parameter was measured in the total optic disc and in its four 90 degree quadrants (superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal). The mean deviation for the entire field and the sum of the total deviation values corresponding to each optic disc quadrant were calculated using the Humphrey full-threshold 30-2 program. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the POAG and NTG groups for any HRT parameter either globally or regionally. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the correlation coefficients between any HRT parameter and the corresponding visual field indices either globally or regionally. CONCLUSION: No significant differences were apparent between Japanese patients with POAG and NTG both in the optic disc parameters as measured by HRT and in the degree of correlation between HRT parameter and the corresponding visual field indices.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy of choroidal neovascularisation using indocyanine green.

BACKGROUND: Choroidal neovascularisation is an important cause of visual loss in age-related macular degeneration. Visualisation of these choroidal abnormalities with fluorescein angiography may be difficult, particularly if there is haemorrhage, excessive pigment, or excessive fluorescence. We report on our experience with indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in demonstrating choroidal neovascularisation. METHOD: Patients with suspected choroidal neovascularisation were assessed with indocyanine green angiography using the Rodenstock Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope and results recorded on a videotape. Fluorescein angiograms were also obtained in a similar fashion. The angiograms were then compared. RESULTS: In some instances ICG angiography was able to demonstrate the margins and structure of choroidal neovascular membranes more clearly than fluorescein, particularly in the presence of haemorrphage, excessive fluorescence and blocked fluorescence. However, there were instances where it was difficult to interpret the choroidal abnormalities found. Some illustrative cases are discussed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that ICG angiography is a useful adjunct to fluorescein angiography in detection and delineation of choroidal neovascularisation, but that further study is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Effects of oxygen and carbon dioxide on human retinal circulation: an investigation using blue field simulation and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the quantitative response of retinal circulation in normal human eyes to oxygen and carbon dioxide provocation and to gain more information about retinal mean transit time (MTT). METHODS: Healthy subjects were studied while breathing: room air (O(2) baseline); pure O(2); room air (CO(2) baseline), and CO(2) in room air. The CO(2) level was brought to 30% above individual baseline level. During each gas exposure, blue field simulation was used to estimate the velocity of macular leucocytes and fluorescein angiography was used to determine MTT, arteriovenous passage time (AVP) and vessel diameters. RESULTS: Breathing pure O(2) caused a reduction in macular leucocyte velocity of about 13%, a non-significant change in MTT and AVP from baseline, and a 10% reduction in the diameter of temporal retinal arteries and veins. Breathing CO(2) caused an increase in macular leucocyte velocity of 21%, a non-significant change in MTT and AVP, and no change in retinal vascular diameters. CONCLUSION: Both O(2) and CO(2) had the expected effects on retinal blood flow, as judged by leucocyte velocity in the macular capillaries, but little effect on retinal MTT, indicating concomitant changes in flow and retinal vascular volume. Measuring the diameter of retinal vessels before and during pure O(2) breathing is a simple and effective way of determining the reactivity of retinal vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Direct ophthalmoscopy with simultaneous colour television transmission.

The authors have developed a direct ophthalmoscope with simultaneous television transmission. The ophthalmoscope is used clinically for student as well as postgraduate teaching and for intercollegial discussion of retinal changes which give rise to differential diagnostic difficulties.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

Manifest glaucoma in the aged II: cases detected by ophthalmoscopy.

Ten consecutive cases of manifest glaucoma detected by optic disc assessment in ophthalmic patients born before 1907 were followed. Visual disability and subjective symptoms were common but usually caused by a combination of the glaucoma with other eye diseases. Disc haemorrhages were noted in all cases but two. The highest intraocular pressure recorded was below 23.5 mmHg in all cases but one with disc haemorrhage and one without.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined multiplanar optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning ophthalmoscopy.

We demonstrate the clinical application of a multiplanar imaging system that simultaneously acquires en face (C-scan) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the corresponding confocal ophthalmoscopic images, along with cross-sectional (B-scan) OCT at specifiable locations on the confocal image. The advantages of the simultaneous OCT and confocal acquisition as well as the challenges of interpreting the C-scan OCT images are discussed. Variations in tissue inclination with respect to the coherence wave surface alter the sampling of structures within the depth of the retina, producing novel slice orientations that are often challenging to interpret. We have evaluated for the first time the utility of C-scan OCT for a variety of pathologies, including melanocytoma, diabetic retinopathy, choroidal neovascular membrane, and macular pucker. Several remarkable new aspects of clinical anatomy were revealed using this new technique. The versatility of selective capture of C-scan OCT images and B-scan OCT images at precise points on the confocal image affords the clinician a more complete and interactive tool for 3-D imaging of retinal pathology.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2005

Blue on yellow perimetry with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in patients with age related macular disease.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The loss of short wavelength sensitive (SWS) cone mechanism sensitivity is related to severe vision loss in patients with age related maculopathy (ARM). A case-control study of patients with ARM and age matched controls was performed, using blue on yellow static perimetry. METHODS: A bright yellow background at 594 nm isolated the responses of short wavelength cone mechanisms to 458 nm targets. A scanning laser ophthalmoscope produced stimuli and provided real time, simultaneous fundus illumination. The macula was probed with 16 Goldmann IV targets, 1-10 degrees from fixation, using a staircase method. RESULTS: 24 patients with non-exudative ARM were matched to 24 subjects with normal fundus appearance. SWS cone pathway sensitivity for macular targets was significantly reduced in the patients with ARM compared to normals--15.45 (SD 4.56) dB v 17.22 (0.28) dB, respectively (p<0.0005). There was not only a diffuse loss of sensitivity in ARM patients, but also a localised loss of sensitivity over drusen (p<0.025). Neither the mean age, 69 (8) years, nor the mean visual acuity differed between groups, logMAR 0.09 (0.10) v 0.05 (0.06) for ARM patients v normals, respectively. Patients with soft drusen had lower sensitivity than those with hard drusen (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: A loss of SWS cone pathway sensitivity occurred in most patients with early ARM, despite good visual acuity, demonstrating a loss of visual function that cannot be attributed to ageing changes. The loss of sensitivity, despite good visual acuity, included both a diffuse loss and localised losses.

Adolescent↗