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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Orbital CT in the management of blow-out fractures of the orbital floor.

The CT-examinations of 15 patients with blow-out fractures of the orbital floor were reviewed. All patients were examined with coronal/semicoronal CT-imaging, and 7 patients also were evaluated with semisagittal projections. Only in one case the semisagittal images gave more information than coronal sections when using the classification of Gilbard et al. (1985) of the inferior rectus muscle/fracture relationship. The anterior and posterior fracture margins were better delineated with semisagittal imaging. Two patients exhibiting positive traction tests with hooked, and not entrapped muscles on CT still had diplopia 5 1/2 and 12 weeks after the trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Radiotherapy in benign orbital disease. II: Ophthalmic Graves' disease and orbital histiocytosis X.

Ophthalmic Graves' disease and histiocytosis X involving the orbit are occasionally refractory to treatment, so that vision may be threatened. In these situations megavoltage external beam radiotherapy should be employed, and the indications for this treatment are discussed. A highly accurate technique is described, using precise planning with information obtained from high definition CT scans, a complete patient head shell for immobilisation, and modern megavoltage radiotherapy treatment machines. As a result the dose to the lens is minimised (to a maximum of 10% of the prescribed dose), and late morbidity will be small. Two cases are described to illustrate this procedure and the response to treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

High voltage orbital radiotherapy and surgical orbital decompression in the management of Graves' ophthalmopathy.

We report on 2 groups of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. A group of 21 patients was treated by high voltage (18 MV) orbital radiotherapy combined with mean doses of corticoids. The results were good or excellent in 12 patients (mean score 6.62 before and 4.0 after, soft tissues greater than proptosis greater than extraocular muscle involvement), without any complications from irradiation. Patients undergoing surgery initially presented less severe symptoms, even 7 patients treated after corticoid and/or radiotherapy failure. The results were satisfactory in all patients (mean score 5.1 before and 2.4 after, proptosis greater than soft tissues greater than extraocular muscle involvement). Both methods showed results within 3 months, and they can be combined.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subperiosteal orbital masses in children with orbital cellulitis: time for a reevaluation?

Conflicting reports have arisen in the literature regarding the diagnostic criteria and management of children with a suspected subperiosteal orbital abscess (SOA). To highlight the dilemmas that have arisen a child with a posterior subperiosteal mass, as demonstrated by computerized tomography, is presented. This case and others in the literature suggests a need for better radiographic criteria for distinguishing an SOA from reactive inflammatory edema. Until such criteria are developed, the management of suspected SOA in children should be based principally on clinical signs. Radiographic examinations should be used primarily to rule out the need for surgical intervention.

Abscess↗
PubMed1975

Deformities of the midface resulting from malunited orbital and naso-orbital fractures.

In midfacial fractures the crucial area is the upper portion of the midfacial skeleton which lodges the orbits, the interorbital space with its anatomic relationship with the anterior cranial fossa, the lacrimal apparatus, the levator muscle, and the skeletal structures of the nose. Because of the severity of the injuries in a multisystem injured patient, these fractures may be neglected or receive inadequate primary treatment. In some cases the damage is so extensive that primary treatment can only accomplish part of the task. Late reconstruction is necessary, therefore, and is the subject of this paper.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed2000

[Orbital mesenchymal tumors--orbital fibrous histiocytoma. Their clinical and histopathological aspects].

Histiocytoma is a tumor with mesenchymal etiology, whose primary orbital form is very rare. (1) Although it is a benign tumor, there have been written--in a few cases--it's metastatic forms too. This article describes the case of a female patient with this tumor which had been extirpated successfully and without any recurrences till now. The disease had been appeared with a chronic sphenoidal and maxillary sinusitis. At the same time there are described the latest concepts about these tumors' etiology, classification and their treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Gaze induced monocular obscurations with cavernouse hemangioma of the orbit. Computer-tomographic demonstration of orbital anatomy in various positions of gaze (author's transl)].

A young woman with only minimal proptosis from a cavernous hemangioma of the left orbit complained of monocular obscurations of vision evoked by right alteral gaze. By analysis of the symptoms, we excluded direct compression of the globe, the optic nerve, and the ophthalmic artery as well as a retinal electrophysiologic phenomenon as a cause of the obscuration. Some vascular phenomenon occurring within the muscle cone appeared to be the most likely explanation. Computer tomography in various positions of gaze revealed the dynamic anatomical relationship between optic nerve and tumor. During adduction, the nerve pressed against and shifted beneath the tumor in the region where the ophthalmic artery crosses over it.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Surface of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and orbital roof as well as angles and measurements of the orbits].

With the aid of diagraphic drawings the floor-space of the anterior cranial fossa and of that orbital roof area of adults which is adjacent to the floor of the anterior cranial fossa (separated by the paranasal sinuses) were investigated. On the right side there is a mean of 730 mm2 and on the left side 717 mm2. The paries medialis orbitae on the right side runs by about 1 degree more to the rostral and medial side as left. The angle on the right side between frontomolare orbitale , the lateral end of the fissura orbitalis superior and the mediansagittal plane is somewhat bigger (35 degrees) than on the left side (33.9 degrees). Different angles inside the orbita, the extension of the orbita behind the frontozygomatic suture, the depth of the orbita, right-left-differences of the apertura orbitae canalis optici and the greater retardation of the laterally border of the orbita on the right side were investigated. The medical importance for neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists is demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Orbital veins and arteries in relation to the connective tissue system of the orbit].

Our study revealed that the relationships between the vessels and the connective tissue, which forms a constant and bilateral symmetrical system of connective tissue septa bordering adipose tissue compartments, are characteristics and constant but essentially different for veins and arteries. The arteries run within the adipose tissue compartments only contacting the connective tissue septa where they perforate them. As to the veins, their relationship with the connective tissue apparatus is completely different. These vessels run within the septa firmly connected with their connective tissue fibres, forming a continuity between the adventitia of the veins and the walls of the adipose tissue compartments. This difference between arteries and veins results in a different spatial structure for the two vascular systems. The arterial system is a radiating system, whereas the venous system is an anastomosing complex of venous rings which are arranged circularly inside as well as outside the muscle cone. It seems likely that the relationships of the vessels, particularly of the veins, with the connective tissue apparatus play an important role in the well-functioning of the orbital blood-circulation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

[Orbital pathology--II. Methods of diagnostically differentiating orbital diseases].

In view of extreme variety of orbital diseases, making of a correct diagnosis requires application of a number of diagnostic methods and close cooperation of various specialists. In order to determine the localization and aetiology of pathological focus in the orbita the following is carried out: measurement of exophthalmus, funduscopy, piezometry, thermography, gammagraphy, echography, plain and aimed X-ray examinations, angiography, phlebography, CT examinations and NMR examinations.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

A fragment molecular-orbital-multicomponent molecular-orbital method for analyzing HD isotope effects in large molecules.

We have developed a fragment molecular orbital (FMO)-multi-component MO (MC_MO) method to analyze isotope effect due to differences between the quantum effects of protons and deuterons for large molecules such as proteins and DNA. The FMO-MC_MO method enables the determination of both the electronic and the protonic (deuteronic) wave functions simultaneously, and can directly express isotope effects, including coupling effects between nuclei and electrons. In our calculations of two polyglycines, which serve as prototypes for biological molecules, by this method, we clearly observed the geometrical relaxation induced by the HD isotope effect in the intramolecular hydrogen bonding portions of the molecules. The HD isotope effect on the interfragment interaction energy, including that of the hydrogen bonding parts, was also demonstrated: the hydrogen bond was weakened by replacement of hydrogen with deuterium. We also developed electrostatic potential approximations for use in the FMO-MC_MO calculations, and the accuracy of the energy differences induced by the isotope effect was independent of the approximation level of the FMO-MC_MO. Our results confirmed that the FMO-MC_MO method is a powerful tool for the detailed analysis of changes in hydrogen bonding and interaction energies induced by the HD isotope effect for large biological molecules.

Journal Article↗