PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Oxycodone”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Comparison of rofecoxib and a multidose oxycodone/ acetaminophen regimen for the treatment of acute pain following oral surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a single dose of rofecoxib 50 mg with a single dose of oxycodone/acetaminophen 10/650 mg over 6 h as well as with a multidose regimen of oxycodone/acetaminophen 10/650 mg followed by oxycodone/acetaminophen 5/325 mg over 24 h. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, two-phase study, patients with moderate to severe pain after surgical extraction of >or= 2 third molars, including one mandibular impaction, were treated with rofecoxib 50 mg, oxycodone/acetaminophen 10/650 mg (singledose phase) followed by 5/325 mg every 6h as needed (multidose phase), or placebo. Patients rated their pain relief and intensity at 18 time points over 24 h. Efficacy was measured over 6 and 24 h by total pain relief (TOPAR), sum of pain intensity difference (SPID), and patient global assessment of response to therapy (PGART). Primary endpoint for the single dose comparison was TOPAR over 6 h; SPID was the key 24-h endpoint. Onset of analgesic effect, peak analgesic single dose of oxycodone/acetaminophen. effect, and duration of analgesic effect were also evaluated. Adverse experiences were recorded. RESULTS: 271 patients were randomized to treatment with rofecoxib (n = 121), oxycodone/acetaminophen (n = 120), or placebo (n = 30). For the single dose comparison, rofecoxib-treated patients achieved pain relief at least as effective as oxycodone/acetaminophentreated patients as assessed by TOPAR6 (12.9 vs 11.3, 95% CI on difference = [-0.1, 3.2], p = 0.059). Patients also rated a single dose of rofecoxib as at least as effective as multidose oxycodone/acetaminophen over 24 h on SPID24 (21.9 vs 18.1, 95% CI on difference = [-1.0, 8.8], p = 0.122). Patients treated with oxycodone/ acetaminophen had a shorter time to onset of analgesia than patients treated with rofecoxib (24 vs 35 min, p < 0.05). Patients in the active treatment groups achieved similar peak effects during the single-dose phase. Individuals treated with rofecoxib demonstrated a longer duration of analgesic effect than those treated with a Patients on active treatment demonstrated better efficacy than patients on placebo on these prespecified endpoints (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Fewer rofecoxib than oxycodone/acetaminophen patients experienced adverse events (47.9 vs 75.8%, p < 0.001), including nausea (19.0 vs 42.5%, p < 0.001), vomiting (9.9 vs 24.2%, p < 0.01), and dizziness (7.4 vs 31.7%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients treated with a single dose of rofecoxib 50 mg achieved an overall analgesic effect at least as effective as patients treated with a single-dose of oxycodone/acetaminophen 10/650 mg over 6 h and multidose oxycodone/acetaminophen over 24 h, with fewer adverse experiences of nausea (p < 0.001), vomiting (p < 0.01), and dizziness (p < 0.001).

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2006

Randomized trial comparing polymer-coated extended-release morphine sulfate to controlled-release oxycodone HCl in moderate to severe nonmalignant pain.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term efficacy, tolerability and safety of polymer-coated extended-release morphine sulfate (P-ERMS) (KADIAN) compared with controlled-release oxycodone HCl (CRO) (OxyContin) in treating chronic, nonmalignant, moderate to severe pain in a community-based outpatient population. DESIGN: Phase IV, prospective, randomized, open-label. PARTICIPANTS: Adults (N = 112) with chronic, nonmalignant, moderate to severe pain with visual numeric scale (VNS) scores > or = 4 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst pain). INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to receive either P-ERMS once-daily (QD) dosing or CRO twice-daily (BID) dosing for a 24-week treatment period. Upward titration of dose and switching P-ERMS to BID or CRO to thrice-daily (TID) dosing was allowed Weeks 2-24. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality of life (Physical [PCS] and Mental [MCS] Component Summary scores of the SF-36v2 Health Survey), pain and sleep scores (0-10), and patient and clinician assessments of current therapy (-4 to +4). RESULTS: Patients in both treatment groups experienced significant improvements in PCS scores (P-ERMS, +2.6; CRO, +3.1; p < 0.05 vs. baseline); patients taking CRO also demonstrated improvements in MCS scores (+4.7, p < 0.05 vs. baseline). Both groups attained significant reductions from baseline to 24 weeks in pain (P-ERMS, -2.0; CRO, -1.4; p < or = 0.001 vs. baseline); the reduction with P-ERMS was clinically meaningful (as defined by at least a 2-point reduction in VNS score). Patients attained significant improvement in sleep scores (P-ERMS, -2.6; CRO, -1.6; p < 0.001 vs. baseline; p < 0.05, P-ERMS vs. CRO). At Week 24, both groups indicated significantly increased patient (P-ERMS, +2.6; CRO, +1.7; p < 0.001 vs. baseline) and clinician (P-ERMS, +4.0; CRO, +3.1; p < 0.001 vs. baseline) global assessments of therapy. After 24 weeks, all patients on P-ERMS were dosing within the FDA-approved frequencies (65% QD, 35% BID); 56% of patients on CRO dosed BID, but 38% dosed TID and 6% dosed four times daily (QID). Most common adverse events were constipation, nausea, and somnolence, with no significant difference between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: P-ERMS and CRO both relieved chronic nonmalignant pain in this community-based population; however, patients taking P-ERMS dosed in accordance with FDA-approved frequencies (QD/BID); 44% of those taking CRO dosed more frequently (TID/QID).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Pharmacokinetic effects of diphenhydramine or oxycodone in simulated acetaminophen overdose.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of co-ingested diphenhydramine (DPH) or oxycodone (OXY) on the absorption kinetics of simulated acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. METHODS: This was an institutional review board-approved, prospective crossover study of ten healthy human volunteers ingesting 5 grams of APAP, 5 grams of APAP + 250 mg of DPH (APAP+DPH), or 5 grams of APAP + 0.5 mg/kg of OXY (APAP+OXY). Serum APAP concentrations (APAPs) were measured hourly from zero through eight hours and again at 24 hours, and basic noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were compared. RESULTS: For APAP alone, the mean parameters were: maximum APAP concentration ([APAP](max)) 71.8 microg/mL, time to peak [APAP] (t(max)) 1.71 hours, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC(0-8)) 318.3 microg-hr/mL. For APAP+DPH, the mean parameters were: [APAP](max) 67.6 microg/mL, t(max) 1.90 hours, and AUC(0-8) 297.7 microg-hr/mL. For APAP+OXY, the parameters were: [APAP](max) 42.9 microg/mL, t(max) 2.87 hours, and AUC(0-8) 232.1 microg-hr/mL. Compared with APAP alone, APAP+OXY had a 27% lower AUC, a 40% lower [APAP](max), and a 68% longer t(max). Co-ingested DPH had no significant effect on APAP absorption, except a 6% decrease in the AUC. CONCLUSIONS: Co-ingested OXY, but not DPH, delayed absorption of APAP. This suggests a potential role for activated charcoal administration beyond one hour postingestion after mixed ingestions that include OXY.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

A novel metabolite of oxycodone in the urine of rabbits.

In addition to six metabolites of oxycodone which were reported previously, 7 beta-hydroxy-6 beta-oxycodol was further isolated as one of the major metabolites in rabbits. The structure of this novel metabolite was characterized by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Such a metabolite possessing vicinal hydroxyl groups in aliphatic ring is very new in the metabolism of narcotic analgesics.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

High dose controlled-release oxycodone in hospice care.

Controlled-release oxycodone (OxyContin) is commonly used for pain relief in terminal cancer. This opioid may be considered as a treatment option for patients who prefer oral pain control, but who are unwilling to take oral morphine sulphate or cannot tolerate its side effects. However, little is documented about the use of high doses of this drug in terminal cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of terminally ill hospice inpatients treated with OxyContin for pain, and to compare those patients receiving high-dose OxyContin (150 mg/day) with patients taking low and more typical doses. This retrospective chart analysis with parallel groups included records of 97 consecutive terminal cancer patients. We recorded clinical and demographic data, as well as data regarding daily doses, rescue doses and parameters associated with quality of life. The mean daily OxyContin dose was 78.6 mg per day for all patients. Only 18 (18.55%) patients were treated with high doses (mean daily dose 231.1 mg). No statistically significant correlations were found between any of the deomographic parameters and dose ranges, with the exception of patients with painful bony metastases who consumed significantly higher doses (p = 0.008). No differences were observed in sleep quality or mood as a factor of OxyContin doses. However, compared with patients receiving low-dose (OR 1.0), patients treated with moderate and high doses maintained Karnofsky scores higher than 40 points most of the time (OR = 3.77, CI 1.1-13.0 and OR 4.95, CI 0.8-29.9, respectively). Survival was not related to OxyContin doses (Log Rank test, p = 0.12; Breslow test, p = 0.37). We conclude that the use of high dose OxyContin for terminal cancer pain management is safe, efficient, and unrelated to shorter survival times. The results suggest that health care professionals may use higher OxyContin doses, when indicated, to enable better pain relief and quality end-of-life care.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1991

A clinical study on the use of codeine, oxycodone, dextropropoxyphene, buprenorphine, and pentazocine in cancer pain.

The authors report a prospective study on 944 cancer pain patients treated with one of the following opioids: codeine, oxycodone, dextropropoxyphene, buprenorphine, and pentazocine. Level of analgesia, duration of treatment, side effects, and drop out were evaluated for each drug. Twenty-four percent of the patients still benefitted from treatment at the fourth week of study, even if high drug dosages were not used. Pentazocine did not show an evident analgesic effect during the first 2 wk of treatment. The other opioids were found to be valid therapeutic instruments for chronic cancer pain control in a limited number of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of rofecoxib and oxycodone plus acetaminophen in the treatment of acute pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain in the third molar extraction model.

BACKGROUND: Opiates, acetaminophen, nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and cyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitors such as rofecoxib are used in the treatment of acute pain because of their anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic properties. Rofecoxib has demonstrated an improved gastrointestinal safety profile compared with nonselective NSAIDs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and tolerability profile of rofecoxib 50 mg with those of the centrally acting, nonsalicylate, opiate/nonopiate analgesic combination oxycodone/acetominophen 5/325 in patients with pain after dental surgery. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active comparator-controlled study, patients experiencing moderate to severe postoperative pain after extraction of > or =2 third molars (including > or =1 mandibular impaction) received a single oral dose of rofecoxib 50 mg, oxycodone/acetaminophen 5/325 mg, or placebo. End points included total pain relief over 6 hours (TOPAR6, the primary end point) and 4 hours (TOPAR4), patient's global assessment of treatment at 6 hours (GLOBAL6) and 24 hours (GLOBAL24), summed pain intensity difference over 6 hours (SPID6), onset of analgesic effect (time to perceptible/meaningful pain relief, using a 2-stopwatch method), peak pain relief (PEAKPR), peak pain intensity difference (PEAKPID), and duration of analgesic effect (time to use of rescue analgesia). RESULTS: Two hundred twelve patients (63% female, 37% male; 76% white, 24% other; mean [SD] age, 20.9 [4.4] years; age range, 16-41 years) were enrolled in the study and received a single oral dose of rofecoxib 50 mg (n = 90), oxycodone/acetaminophen 5/325 mg (n = 91), or placebo (n = 31). The analgesic effect of rofecoxib was significantly greater than that of oxycodone/acetaminophen at P < 0.001 for TOPAR6, TOPAR4, GLOBAL6, GLOBAL24, and SPID6; at P < 0.010 for PEAKPR and PEAKPID; and at P < 0.001 for median time to use of rescue analgesia. Significantly fewer patients in the rofecoxib group (72.2%) took rescue analgesia within 24 hours postdose compared with the oxycodone/acetaminophen group (94.5%; P < 0.001) and the placebo group (96.8%; P < 0.02). Both active treatments were similar with respect to onset of analgesic effect. Both were generally well tolerated; the overall incidence of adverse experiences in the rofecoxib, oxycodone/acetaminophen, and placebo groups was 51.1%, 64.8%, and 48.4%, respectively. Rofecoxib was associated with a significantly lower incidence of nausea (18.9% vs 39.6%; P < 0.001) and vomiting (6.7% vs 23.1%; P < 0.001) compared with oxycodone/acetaminophen. CONCLUSIONS: In study patients with moderate to severe pain after dental surgery, rofecoxib 50 mg had a greater analgesic effect than oxycodone/acetaminophen 5/325 mg and was associated with less nausea and vomiting.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2005

Decoration of the aromatic ring of dihydrocodeinone (hydrocodone) and 14-hydroxydihydrocodeinone (oxycodone).

Improved protocols for the preparation of 1-bromodihydrocodeinone (1-bromohydrocodone) and 1-bromo-14-hydroxydihydrocodeinone (1-bromooxycodone) and synthesis of the corresponding 1-chloro and 1-iodo derivatives have been achieved using the corresponding N-halosuccinimides in acidic milieu. The corresponding 1-carboethoxy derivative of 14-hydroxydihydrocodeinone (1-carboethoxyoxycodone) has been prepared by Pd-catalyzed reaction with carbon monoxide in ethanol. The ester was hydrolyzed to the corresponding zwitterionic amino acid.

Acids↗