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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Pulmonary echinococcosis: a pediatric disease of the Southwestern United States.

Three cases of pulmonary echinococcosis in native American children emphasize the need to consider the diagnosis in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions of the chest when the appropriate environmental conditions are present. Two children presented with a non-productive cough, while one was asymptomatic. Surgery is the treatment of choice for pulmonary echinococcal cysts. All three children did well after thoracotomy, and one child has a normal roentgenogram six years after surgery. Recent evidence seems to indicate that transmission of the Echinococcus among native Americans in the Southwest is increasing, and thus human echinococcal disease may be of increasing clinical importance.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Intestinal peptides and their relevance in pediatric disease.

Gastrointestinal (GI) endocrinology has undergone rapid change during recent years. A greater appreciation has been gained for the role of gut peptides in the regulation of GI motility, secretion, blood flow, absorption, and immunity. Furthermore, it is increasingly recognized that these peptides function in both the brain and the gut as neurotransmitters. Many effects initially attributed to hormonal influences are now known to be neurocrine in origin. GI peptides can be classified into families based on their structural homology. In this article, the physiology of the major gut peptides is reviewed, and their role in the pathophysiology of GI disorders is highlighted.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Application since 1980 of antihypertensive agents to treat pediatric disease.

Strategies for using antihypertensive agents have changed significantly since 1980. This paper reviews clinical studies devoted to the use of antihypertensive agents in children beyond the newborn period. The availability of converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers has significantly improved BP control in children with secondary forms of hypertension. The role of antihypertensive agents to chronically treat primary hypertension in children remains unclear. Additionally, some treatment protocols used in adults that apply to the treatment of hypertensive children and that have been used in the treatment of nonhypertensive disease are discussed. Preliminary studies suggest that the rate of decline of renal function in some forms of progressive renal disease may be retarded by the use of converting enzyme inhibitors.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1979

[Spontaneous rosette forming, Fc and complement receptor bearing lymphocytes in pediatric diseases].

Investigations with lymphocyte subpopulations were made in 51 children aged from 1-14 years with infections of the upper airways, with acute leukaemias, and other malignant diseases. T-lymphocytes were registered by means of the spontaneous rosette test. The attempt of proving B-lymphocytes was made by means of an EAC test with human erythrocytes, anti-D-immunoglobulins and human complement. The results were compared with those obtained by an EAC test with sheep erythrocytes, sheep haemolysin and mice complement and the significance of complement discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Bone marrow transplant indications for childhood leukemias: achieving a consensus. The EBMT Pediatric Diseases Working Party.

During the "2nd International Course on Bone Marrow Transplantation in Children" a multiple choice questionnaire on bone marrow transplant indications for children with acute leukemias was distributed with the aim of achieving a consensus. The answers obtained from the twenty representatives of fourteen European countries during the meeting were analyzed and assigned to one of the following groups: I. definitive indication: when more than 75% participants were in favour; II. acceptable indication: when 50% to 74% participants were in favour; III. requires further investigation: when 25% to 49% participants were in favour; IV. no indication: when less than 24% participants were in favour. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia the following circumstances were considered a definitive indication for allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from a matched sibling donor (MSD): infancy, "high risk" (HR) patients in 1st complete remission (CR1); CR2 patients after an early bone marrow relapse (defined as a relapse occurring up to six months after stopping therapy). Patients experiencing an early meningeal relapse and CR2 patients after a late relapse (defined as a relapse occurring later than six months after stopping therapy) were considered an acceptable indication. Further investigation was required in order to better define the role of BMT for patients experiencing an early isolated testicular relapse. If a MSD is not available, HR patients in CR1 and CR2 patients, after an early bone marrow relapse, were considered a definite indication for a matched unrelated donor (MUD). This latter group was considered an acceptable indication for a haploidentical BMT if a MUD was not available. Further investigation was required to better define the role of autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT) for patients experiencing an early extramedullary relapse and for HR patients in CR1 all of whom lacked MSD's. In acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), CR2 patients were considered a definitive indication and CR1 patients were considered an acceptable indication for BMT from a MSD. CR2 patients were considered a definitive indication for ABMT and CR1 patients an acceptable indication in cases lacking a MSD. AML was not considered an indication for MUD BMT.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed2000

Pediatric autoimmune cardiovascular disease.

Pediatric autoimmune cardiovascular disease can cause serious, sometimes life threatening sequelae on the pediatric population. Valvular, myocardial, and pericardial involvement causing morbidity and mortality can occur in association to rheumatic heart disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Serious and potentially life threatening coronary artery involvement can occur in patients with childhood polyarteritis nodosa, Takayasu arteritis, and Kawasaki disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric and adolescent patients.

IBD is a chronic pediatric disease that needs to be treated by a team of experts consisting of pediatricians, pediatric gastroenterologists, psychologists, nutritionists, social workers, and nurses. A critical factor in successful management of this disease is the willingness of the patient to participate and cooperate with the team. Parents and patients must be educated and supported to treat these disorders effectively. Much further research is necessary to understand the specific causative and therapeutic issues unique to young patients with IBD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Asthma, allergy, and sinopulmonary disease in pediatric condition falsification.

Reports of pediatric condition falsification (PCF) have noted, but not emphasized, exaggerated complaints of real and common illnesses. Among the most frequent chronic childhood illnesses are asthma, allergy, drug sensitivity, and ear and sinopulmonary infections. The most common pediatric surgery is the insertion of myringotomy tubes. A computer database of 104 PCF victims from 68 families spanning from 1974 to 1998 was searched for the frequency of these conditions. Outright falsification or extreme exaggeration of severity of asthma or allergies was noted in 52 children (50%), sinopulmonary infections in 50 (48%), and drug reactions or sensitivities in 30 (29%). Forty-five children (43%) had otolaryngologic surgery, including ear tubes. In all, 71 children (68%) had at least one of these conditions. Associated victim and perpetrator characteristics are described. Children with PCF are not only subjected to induced illnesses and excessive medical diagnostic and therapeutic efforts but also victimized b) the consequences of false and exaggerated complaints of common pediatric diseases.

Asthma↗
PubMed1999

A World Wide Web selected bibliography for pediatric infectious diseases.

A pediatric infectious diseases bibliography of selected medical reference citations has been developed and placed on the World Wide Web (WWW) at http://www.pedid.uthscsa.edu. A regularly updated bibliography of >2,500 selected literature citations representing general reviews and key articles has been organized under a standard outline for individual infectious diseases and related topics that cover the breadth of pediatric infectious diseases. Citations are categorized by infectious disease or clinical syndrome, and access can be achieved by the disease or by syndrome or the name of the pathogen. Abstracts, and in some cases the complete text of articles, may be viewed by use of hypertext links. The bibliography provides medical students, residents, fellows, and clinicians with a constantly available resource of current literature citations in pediatric infectious diseases. The WWW is an emerging educational and clinical resource for the practice of clinical infectious diseases.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1993

With modern imaging techniques, is staging laparotomy necessary in pediatric Hodgkin's disease? A Pediatric Oncology Group study.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the information gained from staging laparotomy can be predicted by imaging and/or clinical factors in children with Hodgkin's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1986 and 1991, 216 consecutive pediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease underwent laparotomy and were treated on two concurrent protocols in a multiinstitutional cooperative group. All patients had computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Clinical factors studied included sedimentation rate, B symptoms, histology, number and location of involved sites, sex, mediastinal involvement, and age. Pretreatment CTs were centrally reviewed in 88 cases for the presence and size of both supradiaphragmatic and infradiaphragmatic lymph nodes, intrinsic spleen lesions, and splenic size. Models were generated that were predictive of any abdominal disease, splenic involvement, extensive splenic involvement, and upstaging at the laparotomy. False-positive and false-negative rates were calculated. RESULTS: For the end point of any abdominal disease, a model based on B symptoms, histology, sedimentation rate, and number and location of involved sites was highly significant (P < .0001). However, the success in predicting abdominal disease in an individual patient was limited: false-negative rate, 26%; false-positive rate, 32%. Highly significant models based on clinical factors and/or radiographic findings were also generated to predict splenic involvement, extensive splenic involvement, and upstaging with laparotomy, but they also had high false-positive and false-negative rates. CONCLUSION: Laparotomy findings cannot be predicted accurately in the majority of patients based on knowledge of CT findings and clinical factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

US in the diagnosis of pediatric chest diseases.

Most pediatric chest diseases are adequately evaluated with chest radiography. However, when chest radiography does not allow identification of the location and nature of an area of increased opacity, ultrasonography (US) can help establish the diagnosis. US may be helpful in evaluation of persistent or unusual areas of increased opacity in the peripheral lung, pleural abnormalities, and mediastinal widening; US is particularly useful in patients with complete opacification of a hemithorax at radiography. In cases of pulmonary parenchymal lesions, identification of air or fluid bronchograms at US and of pulmonary vessels at color flow imaging is useful for differentiating pulmonary consolidation or atelectasis from lung masses and pleural lesions. US allows characterization of pleural fluid collections as simple, complicated, or fibroadhesive, which is important information for planning thoracentesis or thoracotomy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are superior to US in evaluation of the mediastinum, but US is a reasonable alternative in certain situations (eg, to avoid unnecessary investigation of a normal thymus simulating a mediastinal mass). In cases of chest wall lesions, US may enable localization of the site of origin to soft tissues or an extrapleural intrathoracic location. Osseous involvement, particularly rib involvement, is easily evaluated with US.

Adolescent↗