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PubMed2026

Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life following pulp therapy or extraction in paediatric patients: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Treatment decision between pulp therapy and extraction for compromised teeth in paediatric patients remains a topic of debate. While both approaches address the associated pain, their long-term impact on children's well-being remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to analyse and compare the impact of pulp therapy and extraction on OHRQoL in paediatric patients. METHODS: This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in multiple electronic databases. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the RoB 2 tool for randomised controlled trials, ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised trials, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. RESULTS: Seven studies comprising a total of 1367 participants met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that pulp therapy was associated with superior OHRQoL outcomes compared to extraction. Children who underwent pulp therapy reported lower anxiety, better emotional well-being, and higher parental satisfaction. Given the heterogeneity among the studies, a narrative synthesis was performed. CONCLUSION: Pulp therapy may offer better OHRQoL outcomes than extractions in paediatric patients by preserving function, reducing anxiety, and minimising long-term complications. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously since the available evidence was limited and of low to very low certainty. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are required.

Children↗
PubMed1983

A new course in basic therapeutic skills for medical and dental students at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos: student evaluation.

A new course in basic therapeutic skills for first-year students at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos began in July 1980. The course is designed to teach basic medical procedures in nursing, first aid, medicine, surgery, paediatrics and dentistry. It also introduces the students, early in their medical or dental training, to the role in treatment and rehabilitation of dietetics, physiotherapy, prosthetics and orthotics, occupational therapy and medical social work. The course is in its second year of implementation with 152 students participating in the inception year and 166 in the second year. The former group of students had a pre-test and post-test consisting of fifty multiple choice questions. The latter group were also examined in the performance of the skills taught them using check lists and rating scales of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) type. At the end of the course the students completed an evaluation questionnaire. As a result, the organization of the course in its second year took account of many of the findings from student evaluation in the first year. The particular learning needs of dentistry students were included, hence the second class of dental students found the courses more relevant than the previous class. The teachers were encouraged to develop audiovisual presentations of their subjects and the increased use of simulators permitted greater opportunity for students to practise skills. The study indicates that student evaluation of course organization and management can be of great value in providing the feedback required to progressively improve the learning environment.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1992

[Dose requirements for projection techniques in x-ray diagnosis].

The dose required in x-ray diagnosis depends upon the demands made on a diagnostically optimal x-ray film or in fluoroscopy, and upon the technical quality of the equipment. The actual dose requirement, derived from field studies, is juxtaposed on the basis of representative examples with the maximum permissible dose requirement in accordance with the prescribed minimum sensitivity values of the x-ray film. The ideal dose requirement has been stated by Cohen et al. (1981) by a formula basing on parallel beam, maximum quantum yield and Bucky grid effect depending on the signal to noise ratio and object contrast. This was checked by means of contrast detail diagrams measured at the hole phantom, and was additionally compared with measurement results obtained by Wust et al. (1989) with acrylic glass phantoms. The optimal dose requirement is obtained by the maximum technically possible approach to the ideal requirement level. Examples are given, besides for x-ray equipment with Gd2 O2 S screen film systems for grid screen mammography, and new thoracic examination systems for mass screenings. Finally, a few values concerning the dose requirement or the analogous time required for fluorescent screening in angiography and interventional radiology, are stated, as well as for dentistry and paediatric x-ray diagnostics.

Angiography↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of marginal alveolar bone loss in children referred for treatment to the Paediatric Clinic at the School of Dentistry, University of Otago.

Proximal contact loss due to caries may contribute to the appearance of marginal alveolar bone loss (ABL) in the deciduous dentition. Children referred for treatment to the School of Dentistry, University of Otago, usually have special problems related to caries or management, or both, and the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of marginal ABL in children treated in this clinic, and to compare it with that found in a previous study in a random sample of New Zealand 5-year-olds. Posterior bite-wing radiographs of 187 children, aged 4 to 14 years, were selected for examination. A total of 1,523 sites, from the distal of the deciduous cuspids to the mesial of the deciduous second molar or the first permanent molar if present, were examined. ABL was recorded when there was complete absence of the lamina dura and the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the crest of the alveolar bone was > 2 mm. ABL was found in 20.8 percent of the children; 31.9 percent of these sites were adjacent to extensive proximal caries; 83.3 percent were in the maxilla, and 95.8 percent were between deciduous teeth. The youngest age at which ABL was found was 5 years. Among the children with ABL, 48.7 percent had ABL in more than one site. Comparison of the prevalence of ABL at age 5 in the present study (19.2 percent) with the one previously reported for a random population (2.1 percent), suggested that, because of the special characteristics of the children attending the University clinic, students are exposed to an exaggerated image of caries and periodontal diseases in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Professional education and practice arrangements: are there gender differences among paediatric dentists in Israel?

AIM: To assess gender differences in professional education, practice setting and working arrangements among dentists in Israel, who primarily treat children. SUBJECTS: All 112 participants in the meeting of the Israeli Society of Dentistry for Children that was held in February 1999. METHODS: A questionnaire completed during the meeting. RESULTS: Seventy participants (63 per cent) completed the questionnaire and returned it. There were 43 females and 27 males. Less than half of the population were specialists (40 per cent of the females, 48 per cent of the males). No significant differences were found in the educational background and working in academia between females and males. With regard to practice arrangement, males significantly reported more frequently working in two clinics or more, than females (P = 0.049), and working in clinics with general practitioners (GPs) and specialists in various fields in dentistry, while more women reported working with either GPs or specialists (P = 0.007). In all other variables, no significant gender differences were found. The results of our study show that paediatric dentistry in Israel appears as a branch of the profession which shows great sexual equality of opportunity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Benzodiazepines in child dental care: a survey of its use among general practitioners and paediatric dentists in Sweden.

Dental treatment in children too young or too apprehensive to co-operate is often performed under sedation. The aim of this study was to survey the use of rectal and oral liquid and tablet benzodiazepine sedation in Swedish child dentistry, and estimation of treatment success. A questionnaire was sent to 500 randomly selected dentists (GPs) working in the Public Dental Health Service and all (77) specialists (PDs) working at paediatric dentistry clinics. Benzodiazepine sedation was used by 73% of the GPs and 97% of the PDs. Seven per cent of the GPs and 87% of the PDs had sedation sessions at least once a month. Of the GPs, 60% administered the sedation rectally, 7% orally in liquid form, and 39% orally in tablet form. For PDs, the corresponding figures were 97%, 78%, and 68%. Sixteen per cent of the GPs and 84% of the PDs used midazolam for rectal sedation. PDs rated rectal sedation better than the GPs (p < 0.001). GPs rated their experiences of rectal sedation as better the more frequent the use (p = 0.03), as did PDs concerning oral liquid sedation (p = 0.03). Thus, it seems that a more regular use of sedation is advantageous in achieving better treatment outcome.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

A national survey to medical and dental schools to assess the level of undergraduate teaching and research about HIV/AIDS in the UK.

The views of heads of academic departments in UK medical and dental schools on the extent of their specialty's involvement in teaching undergraduates about HIV/AIDS and undertaking research in this area was ascertained by postal questionnaire. Three hundred and nineteen responses were received from medical schools (61.7%) and 58 responses from dental schools (53.2%). The greatest number of responses in one specialty was received from the Departments of General Practice, Paediatrics and Children's Dentistry. The amount of teaching varied widely, was dispersed throughout the curriculum within a wide range of broader subject areas and tended to be carried out by senior staff using didactic lecture format. Dental courses were more often assessed than medical courses. The small number of patients available was seen as a major problem. Involvement in research was appreciable. However, knowledge of student awareness campaigns was not widespread. We conclude that more specific teaching on HIV/AIDS is needed, particularly discussion about attitudes towards patients and ethical issues. HIV/AIDS counsellors should have an increased involvement in undergraduate teaching and teaching methods should provide opportunities for interactive discussion. Extensive research is being conducted in the UK. However, further work is needed to identify the perceived needs of students and the extent to which these are being met.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anniversaries of the Serbian Medical Society. 1947. 75 years since the founding of the Society].

During the Second World War the country was again occupied by the enemy, and the Allies were liberating it--but it was bombarded by both! Graves and tombs covered the country once again--once again Serbian people had to suffer the greatest possible sacrifies as an ally with the progressive part of the world. Serbian medical association (SMA) had to restrain its activities once again in 1941 and share the fate of its people. Since the country was occupied the University of Belgrade and Medical school were closed. SMA restored its activities in 1946 and since then it turned to creating a new organization--establishing local branches and specialist groups all over the country. The Association initiated activities on improving professional skills of its members in order to fulfil its goals: solving the most important health care problems "which have flooded the country after the occupation of the country and plight of the people". As soon as the first post-war conference in the Autumn of 1946 took place, the Association brought resolutions concerning the "question of tuberculosis, question of paediatrics and question of dentistry in attempts to protect the people from the social disaster (tuberculosis)" and to deal adequately with the problem of health care of the young, as the most important task of the health care policy," and also to establish a "University School of Dentistry as soon as possible, in order to provide a sufficient number of dentists". The established tasks are being fulfilled, local branches and specialist groups are formed, thanks to commitment of the members of the SMA board, and above all because of the "hearty response of the Medical school colleagues--to go to all parts of the country"--as it was stated in the annals of the SMA. Engaged entirely in organizing its activities and professional improvement of its members, the SMA was most widely involved in dealing with basic problems of health care of the population. Therefore, the 75th Jubilee of the SMA is a crucial part of its history and a period of great success in creating a health-care system which brought our country among the most advanced in the world, regarding the accessibility of health care to the population!

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2006

Teledentistry in inner-city child-care centres.

In Rochester, NY, telehealth centres were established in six inner-city elementary schools and seven child-care centres. The teledentistry project complemented the existing telehealth model. Using an intraoral camera, telehealth assistants record digital images of children's teeth (768 x 494 pixels) and send the images to a computer at the expert dental site (the Eastman Department of Dentistry at the University of Rochester). The paediatric dentist at the expert site reviews the images, and provides referral and treatment recommendations. Subsequently, the telehealth assistant contacts the child's parents or guardians and assists them to obtain appropriate dental care for their child. In the pilot study, we screened 50 children. In the first nine months of 2005, we screened 123 children. The results of our initial teledental screenings of children aged 12-48 months attending inner-city child-care centres revealed that almost 40% had active dental caries, mainly early childhood caries (ECC). For the first time, many children attending inner-city child-care centres have had their teeth examined at an early age and been given prompt feedback on the need for dental care.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1996

Some evidence from Ontario, Canada, of a reversal in the dental caries decline.

The dramatic decline in dental caries among children in many industrialized countries has been documented since early in the 1980s. However, there is mounting international evidence that this decline is ending. Further, in Ontario, Canada, caries experience may be increasing, at least in the primary dentition of the youngest elementary schoolchildren. Several hypotheses are discussed that might explain this phenomenon. The authors conclude that it is premature to end established, effective preventive dentistry programs on grounds of incipient eradication of paediatric dental caries.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Social images of medicine and dentistry in Japan. An exploratory study using correspondence analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate social images associated with dentistry in comparison with nine other medical disciplines. DESIGN: A questionnaire survey among members of the general public. Subjects were asked to state, in not more than five words, the images which they associated with each of the ten disciplines. SETTING: Komaki City, Shikatsu Town and Nagoya City in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: 261 respondents from a convenience sample of 300 residents, not associated with any branch of medicine. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency distribution of word images used on at least five occasions and a correspondence analysis of the responses for the ten disciplines. RESULTS: Of the 163 coded image items, 60 were related to internal medicine, 56 to dentistry, 55 to dermatology, 51 to orthopaedic surgery, 51 to ophthalmology, 50 to surgery, 47 to obstetrics and gynaecology, 43 to otolaryngology, 40 to paediatrics and 33 to psychiatry. Correspondence analysis applied to the 163 items and 10 medical disciplines indicated that three similar paired image groups were found, namely between dermatology and ophthalmology, surgery and orthopaedic surgery, and between dentistry and internal medicine, which were the more commonly encountered disciplines across all age groups. However, compared with the other specialities, dentistry had a significantly greater association with pain, this response being four times more common than for surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This group of members of the public in Japan perceived dentistry-associated images in a similar way to internal medicine, but the negative associations with pain need to be addressed by the dental profession and health educators alike.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A clinical study of child dental anxiety.

Dental fear in children was studied using Rachman's theory of fear acquisition. Sixty children from two age groups (7-10 years, 11-14 years) participated in the project. The children were new patients attending a paediatric consultation clinic for specialised dental treatment. Thirty-one were diagnosed as being clinically anxious regarding dentistry and 29 were found to be nonanxious. Information regarding children's past experiences and present level of anxiety was obtained from the examining dentist, the children and their parents. Mothers were also interviewed and observed to ascertain their own anxieties and behaviour. The results showed that of Rachman's three pathways to fear, conditioning appeared largely responsible for the children's development of dental fear. Children's fear was more strongly associated with subjective experience of pain and trauma than with objective dental pathology. Indirect learning processes were found to be of only minor importance in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Team management of orofacial clefts].

In the Netherlands 15 centres provide multidisciplinary care for cleft lip and palate patients. Usually the following disciplines participate in such teams: paediatrics, plastic and reconstructive surgery, orthodontics, genetics, social work or nursing, ENT, speech therapy, maxillofacial surgery, prosthetic dentistry, psychology and oral hygiene. An overview is given of the treatment protocol from birth until 20 years of age for a child with a complete UCLP or BCLP. It is concluded that properly designed prospective clinical trials are rare, resulting in a lack of evidence based care in the field of cleft lip and palate. Furthermore it should be investigated whether it is preferable to centralise the cleft care in less centres than the present 15 ones.

Adolescent↗