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PubMed2003

Partner awareness regarding the adult sequelae of childhood sexual abuse for primary and secondary survivors.

This qualitative study investigates factors that may facilitate or impede awareness within couples regarding the sequelae of childhood sexual abuse for adult females and their partner. Six couples were interviewed about perceived effects of the abuse for self and partner and their perceptions regarding their awareness of these effects. Transcribed data were analyzed using grounded-theory methodology. Emergent themes regarding potential barriers to and facilitators of agreement are outlined in the context of the expressive and receptive abilities and motivations of each partner in communicating about the abuse. Preliminary implications for marriage and family therapy and further research are provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

HIV risk correlates among non-injection cocaine dependent men in treatment.

Guided by the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM), psychosocial correlates of HIV risk behavior were examined among noninjection cocaine dependent, heterosexual men (NI-CD-HM) in treatment. Subjects (N = 111) completed a structured interview to measure ARRM mediating variables and HIV risk behaviors. The results indicated that greater perceived susceptibility to contracting HIV, lower sexual self-efficacy, higher lifetime incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, and being under the influence of alcohol or other drugs during sex predicted having more sexual partners in the month prior to admission. Despite adequate knowledge of safer sex guidelines, subjects remained misinformed regarding certain aspects of HIV transmission. Men who perceived that their partners viewed condoms more positively and who exchanged drugs for sex were more likely to use condoms, yet condom use skills were typically inadequate to ensure effective prevention. These results suggest that HIV prevention interventions among NI-CD-HM should focus on improving knowledge, enhancing beliefs in the capacity to enact safer sex behaviors for preventing HIV and other STDs, building relevant skills (e.g., condom use, open sexual communication between partners), and emphasizing psychoactive substance abstinence. Couple interventions, in which partners actually rehearse safer sex negotiations, may be particularly effective in this regard.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors that determine prevalence of use of contraceptive methods for men.

Globally, men have not shared equally with women the responsibility for fertility regulation. While family planning efforts have been directed almost exclusively toward women, the lack of male involvement may also reflect the limited options available to men. Current methods for men are either coitus-dependent, such as the condom or withdrawal, or permanent, such as vasectomy. The 20-year history of social science research on male contraceptive methods is examined here in terms of the human and method factors related to the acceptability of hypothetical methods and the prevalence of use of existing methods. New male methods, particularly if reversible, may alter men's willingness to accept or share responsibility for the control of fertility. Research opportunities in the areas of gender, decision-making, communication, health education, and service delivery will be enhanced when methods for women and men are comparable.

Contraception↗
PubMed1986

The prevalence and perceived aetiology of male sexual problems in a non-clinical sample.

One hundred and nine men (38 per cent single, 48 per cent married) participated in a survey of the prevalence of erectile and ejaculatory difficulty in a non-clinical sample. Perceived aetiology of erectile difficulty was also investigated. Twenty-three per cent of the sample were currently experiencing sexual problems, with ejaculatory difficulty approximately three times as prevalent as erectile difficulty. Nearly one-quarter had experienced erection difficulties at some time and, of these, 68 per cent had remitted without formal treatment. Most frequently cited 'causes' of erectile difficulty were 'psychological' rather than 'physical', 'practical' or specifically 'sexual,' with relationship factors including communication between partners being perceived as particularly important. The presence of erectile and/or ejaculatory difficulty was related to sexual dissatisfaction but not to ratings of relationship happiness. Men having sexual relationships outside their permanent relationship found their partner less sexually attractive and rated themselves as less happy than those men not having affairs but the two groups did not differ in terms of presence of sexual difficulty or sexual dissatisfaction. The limitations of a sample biased towards younger, more educated men, are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Patient proactivity enhancing doctor-patient-family communication in cancer prevention and care among the aged.

This paper presents a comprehensive conceptual model of health care communication involving three key health care partners: patients, physicians, and significant family members (health significant other, HSOs). A unique feature of this model is its focus on proactive roles played by elderly patients in information gathering and communication with health care partners regarding both cancer prevention and cancer care. We outline how proactive initiatives by health care consumers and involvement of their HSOs can enhance patient outcomes (satisfaction with physician, adherence to preventive and corrective practice recommendations, and quality of life). Finally, we also note primary antecedents of health care partner communication in terms of both medical care context and patient characteristics. We hope that this testable causal model will inform future research in the field of health communication.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The sexual vocabularies of heterosexual and homosexual males and females for communicating erotically with a sexual partner.

This study explored what terminology constitutes an erotic or arousing language for male and female, heterosexual and homosexual, and the extent to which that language is used with a sexual partner. Five sexual references were included: male genitalia, female genitalia, lovemaking/coitus, oral-genital contact, and hand-genital contact. Respondents consisted of 120 urban midwestern university students, 30 in each gender and sexual orientation category. Sexual orientation was as powerful a predictor as gender for language that was considered erotic. Lesbians and gay males more often than heterosexual females and males used erotic or arousing vocabulary with a spouse or lover. Gay males more often used slang with a spouse or lover than did heterosexual males and heterosexual females. Implications for sexual arousal based upon communication are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gender differences in marital communication patterns.

This study examined conflict-resolution interactions of couples, and related marital satisfaction to sequential and nonsequential communication patterns. Couples' satisfaction with marriage has been differentiated on the basis of the degree of coercive versus affiliative communication between partners. Results of this study indicate that this pattern differs, however, for individuals within couples on the basis of gender. Females and males were found to demonstrate different styles of response to dissatisfaction in marriage; men assume a coercive stance toward their partners while women take an affiliative position. Drawing on systemic and gender-difference theoretical perspectives, these patterns are interpreted as attempts by individuals with different world views to resolve conflict. A view is discussed whereby systems and gender differences can be integrated into a unified conceptual formulation upon which to base future development in research and therapeutic interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Communication patterns in patients with erectile dysfunction and their partners.

Patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and their partners (n = 18) were compared on perceived distress caused by the ED, attribution of responsibility for the ED and marital communication. Comparisons were also made between couples in whom the ED was organically based versus those in whom it was psychogenically based. No differences were found between organic versus psychogenic ED couples on perceived distress, attributions, or marital communication skills. Patients and partners differed on communication (P < 0.001), attributions (P < 0.001) and perceptions of distress experienced by their spouse (P < 0.001). However, both members of the couple found the ED equally distressing. Partners tended to attribute more responsibility for the ED to themselves when they believed it was psychogenic (P < 0.001), while patients claimed sole responsibility regardless of their perceptions of its etiology. Patients had clinically problematic communication scores (P < 0.001), while partners did not. Contrary to initial hypotheses, communication scores did not predict agreement/disagreement between patients and partners on perceived etiology, attributions or distress. Discussion is focused on the need for therapy to address couples' communication specific to sexual activity and the effects of the ED.

Communication↗
PubMed1992

The psychosocial sequelae of a second-trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality.

A retrospective study to investigate the psychosocial sequelae of a second-trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) for fetal abnormality (FA) is described. After appropriate consent was obtained, 84 women and 68 spouses were visited 2 years after the event and asked to complete an extensive questionnaire. Most couples reported a state of emotional turmoil after the TOP. There were differences in the way couples coped with this confusion of feelings. After 2 years about 20 per cent of the women still complained of regular bouts of crying, sadness, and irritability. Husbands reported increased listlessness, loss of concentration, and irritability for up to 12 months after the TOP. In the same period, there was increased marital disharmony in which 12 per cent of the couples separated for a while and one couple obtained a divorce. These problems could be attributed to a lack of synchrony in the grieving process. Confusing and conflicting feelings led to social isolation and lack of communication. Difficulties in coming to terms with the fetal loss were not found to be linked to the type of fetal abnormality or religious beliefs but were related to parental immaturity, inability to communicate needs, a deep-rooted lack of self-esteem before the pregnancy, lack of supporting relationships, and secondary infertility. Suggestions for improved management are given.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1992

Partnership after induced abortion: a prospective controlled study.

To study the social and psychological consequences of induced abortion on the relationship between the pregnant woman and her partner, 92 patients seeking a socially indicated abortion, who had a stable partner at the time of abortion, were interviewed. Standardized psychological measures were used to assess their partnerships before abortion and on follow-up 1 year later. A control group of 92 patients (matched for age, marital status, duration of partnership, number of children, and educational background), drawn from a larger sample of women using safe contraceptive methods, completed the same psychological measures. Prior to abortion, partnerships in the study group showed considerably more conflicts and were less harmonious than in the control group. One year after the abortion, the number of separations in the study group was not significantly higher than in the control group, nor were there any remaining qualitative differences in the partnerships of either group. When separations occurred, they had been more frequently initiated by women in the study group than in the control group.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

An evaluation of therapeutic programs for the treatment of secondary inorgasmia in women.

This paper is concerned with a review and evaluation of programs for the treatment of secondary inorgasmia in women. Treatments address a wide range of factors. They include medical and psychiatric disorders, lack of sexual knowledge and communication between partners, marital disharmony, sexual anxiety, and performance anxiety. These treatment approaches are evaluated, along with the effectiveness of Masters and Johnson's therapy, and the many variants of this approach. The use of erotic fantasy in the treatment of this condition is also discussed. Conclusions are limited by the nature of research in this area. It is essentially clinical in form. Often it fails to define the characteristics of the conditions that are required to assess contributing factors, treatment strategies, and pre- and posttreatment measures.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Post-vasectomy erectile dysfunction.

We investigated two groups of men with regard to vasectomy acceptance, and subsequent erectile dysfunction. Group I was a group of 45 men chosen at random from 254 vasectomized patients. Group II was a group of 18 men who, out of 180 patients treated for erectile dysfunction, attributed their dysfunction to previous vasectomy. We analysed the social background, motivation for vasectomy and postoperative changes of sexual life or behaviour of the partners. The partnership constellation, particularly the role of a predominant female partner seems to be an important feature for vasectomy acceptance. Low acceptance might cause erectile dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The relationship of partner support to outcomes for teenage mothers and their children: a review.

This article reviews the literature on the relationship of partner support to outcomes for teenage mothers and their children. It discusses the changing alliance over time between men who father their babies and the young mothers and their children. This report considers both adults and adolescents who father children with adolescent women. The discussion focuses on the relationship between partner support and three outcomes for the mothers: educational outcomes, economic outcomes, and psychological well-being. The general association between partner support and the children's development is also examined. In addition, partner support is viewed within the context of the teenager's family system, providing a framework for assessing key features of support for teenage mothers. The article outlines suggestions for future research.

Adolescent↗