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PubMed1964

LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY.

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Carcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer.

One hundred and one patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 202 hospital controls individually matched by age (+/- 2 years), hospital admittance and place of residence, were interviewed during the period 1990-94 in two towns in central Serbia (Yugoslavia). In an analysis using multivariate logistic regression, the followng factors were significantly related to prostate cancer: (1) occupational physical activity during the year preceding the disease [odds ratio (OR)=3.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=2.09-7.16]; (2) occupational exposure to asbestos, steel, dyes and lacquers, bitumen, pitch, iron, nickel, lead, fertilizer and certain other agents (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.05-4.32); (3) nephrolithiasis (OR=4.52, 95% CI=1.34-15.30); (4) 'other' diseases in medical history such as chronic bronchitis, chronic rheumatic diseases, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, eye diseases and tuberculosis (OR=3.14, 95% CI=1.56-6.33); (5) a greater number (> or = 3) of brothers (OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.35-3.22); and (6) greater numbers (> or = 8) of sexual partners (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.13-4.44). Marital status, age at first marriage, educational level, age at first sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse, venereal diseases, tonsillectomy, appendectomy, hernia inguinale and hydrocele, anthropometric characteristics, smoking history, sport and recreational activities and family history of prostatic neoplasms were not found to be independently related to prostate cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Delineation of prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in American men. Screening for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has led to earlier detection of prostate cancer, but elevated serum PSA levels may be present in non-malignant conditions such as benign prostatic hyperlasia (BPH). Characterization of gene-expression profiles that molecularly distinguish prostatic neoplasms may identify genes involved in prostate carcinogenesis, elucidate clinical biomarkers, and lead to an improved classification of prostate cancer. Using microarrays of complementary DNA, we examined gene-expression profiles of more than 50 normal and neoplastic prostate specimens and three common prostate-cancer cell lines. Signature expression profiles of normal adjacent prostate (NAP), BPH, localized prostate cancer, and metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer were determined. Here we establish many associations between genes and prostate cancer. We assessed two of these genes-hepsin, a transmembrane serine protease, and pim-1, a serine/threonine kinase-at the protein level using tissue microarrays consisting of over 700 clinically stratified prostate-cancer specimens. Expression of hepsin and pim-1 proteins was significantly correlated with measures of clinical outcome. Thus, the integration of cDNA microarray, high-density tissue microarray, and linked clinical and pathology data is a powerful approach to molecular profiling of human cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1988

Adenoid cystic-like tumor of the prostate gland. A report of two cases and review of the literature on "adenoid cystic carcinoma" of the prostate.

Two prostatic neoplasms that closely resemble adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands, but in the authors' opinion merit separate designation, are reported. Most of the well-documented examples of prostatic lesions interpreted as "adenoid cystic carcinoma" appear to have been similar to the cases reported herein. The lesions in this report, which the authors have designated as adenoid cystic-like tumors, occurred in men of 60 and 68 years of age who presented with urinary tract obstruction and had transurethral resection of the prostate. Both neoplasms were associated with a minor component of prostatic adenocarcinoma of the usual acinar type. Each adenoid cystic-like tumor had areas that closely resembled basal cell hyperplasia of the prostate, and one had conspicuous foci of squamous differentiation. One patient had a radical prostatectomy and is well six years after operation. The other patient was treated with transurethral resection and irradiation and is well eight months after operation. The prognosis associated with this neoplasm appears to be excellent on the basis of the limited experience to date.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A new approach to prostate cancer.

Growth of androgen-dependent human prostatic adenocarcinoma implanted in the nude mouse (Honda tumour), is inhibited by 6-methyleneprogesterone. This steroid is a potent inhibitor of both rat and human prostatic 5 alpha-reductase in-vitro. In-vivo, at the studied dose level, it reduces metabolic conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone with minimal effects upon circulating LH and testosterone. These data support the hypothesis that dihydrotestosterone and not testosterone is the main trophic androgen of the human prostatic neoplasm.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate.

3 cases of prostatic leiomyosarcoma, observed over a 15-year period, are reported. 2 patients underwent radical surgical treatment only and succumbed to metastatic diffusion after 13 and 29 months, respectively. After palliative surgery, a 3rd man received subsequent radiation therapy for pelvic and pulmonary recurrences, and is alive with tumor after 6 years and 8 months. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this uncommon and aggressive prostatic neoplasm are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Optimizing hormone therapy in localized prostate cancer: focus on external beam radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: The use of hormone therapy combined with radiotherapy (RT) and prior to radical prostatectomy was explored as part of the management of localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Recent randomized studies and ongoing clinical trials of hormone therapy were reviewed to help identify patients who will benefit from combined treatment. RESULTS: Although short-term androgen ablation improves cause specific survival in low Gleason score, bulky prostatic neoplasms, long-term androgen ablation is required for high grade prostate cancer. Whole pelvic RT may be important for maximizing the biochemical interaction between RT and androgen ablation in patients at high risk for pelvic lymph node involvement. Ongoing studies will contribute to our overall understanding of combined modality treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Androgen ablation is an important part of the management of prostate cancer when external beam RT is used. Long-term androgen ablation should be performed in bulky, high Gleason score cases, while short-term androgen ablation should be used in bulky, low Gleason score cases. Patients at intermediate risk are candidates for short-term androgen ablation but there are as yet no definitive randomized trials assessing an overall treatment benefit. Patients with low risk prostate cancer should probably not receive androgen ablation unless additional data support a substantial clinical benefit. The lack of advantage observed in patients undergoing preoperative androgen ablation compared with the advantages seen in patients who undergo androgen ablation and RT seems to indicate that at least in some situations there is an advantageous biological interaction between RT and androgen ablation. This mechanism remains to be elucidated.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

Primary carcinoid of the prostate in conjunction with multiple endocrine neoplasia IIb in a child.

Prostatic neoplasms are rare in childhood. We report a case of primary prostatic carcinoid in a 7-year-old boy who was subsequently diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia IIb. To our knowledge this is the first report of either pediatric carcinoid of the prostate or of prostatic carcinoid in conjunction with neuronal intestinal dysplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma suggestive of multiple endocrine neoplasia IIb. Management and histogenesis regarding this prostatic tumor are discussed as is a possible association with other neuroendocrine tumors.

Carcinoid Tumor↗