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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Physical properties of root cementum: part 7. Extent of root resorption under areas of compression and tension.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this article was to quantify the extent of root resorption in areas of compression or tension under light and heavy buccal tipping orthodontic forces. METHODS: The sample consisted of 36 premolars in 16 patients. On 1 side, light (25 g) or heavy (225 g) buccal tipping orthodontic forces were activated for 28 days. The contralateral side in each patient served as the control (0 g). The teeth were extracted, disinfected, imaged under a scanning electron microscope, and analyzed with commercial stereo imaging computer software modified for this study. Buccal and lingual surfaces were divided into 3 equal regions: cervical, middle, and apical. The root surface areas of these regions were documented with straight-on images. Quantification of resorption craters by using volumetric analysis was performed from stereo images taken at +/-3 degrees. The degree of resorption was correlated to the amount of surface area under compression or tension. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The buccal cervical region had 8.16-fold more root resorption in the heavy-force group compared with the light-force group (P <.01). The other regions did not seem to have significant differences in the force levels. In the experimental teeth, there was more root resorption in the high-compression regions than in the other regions (P <.01). There were similar amounts of resorption per unit area on the lingual apical and buccal cervical regions. Regions under compression had more root resorption than regions under tension. There was more resorption in regions under heavy compression than in regions under light compression (P <.01). There was also more root resorption in regions under heavy tension than in regions under light tension (P <.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effect of appliance reactivation after decay of initial activation on osteoclasts, tooth movement, and root resorption.

Clinical orthodontists frequently reactivate appliances following decay. Studies of tooth movement and tissue responses following reactivations indicate that linear tooth movement and rapid recruitment of osteoclasts can be achieved if reactivation is timed to coincide with the latter part of the bone remodeling cycle initiated by the first activation. Both can be delayed if reactivations are timed for the early part of the previous cycle. The objective of this study was to examine tooth movement, root resorption, and osteoclast recruitment following appliance reactivation after the first activation had decayed. Bilateral orthodontic appliances were activated with 40 cN in 144 rats to mesially tip the maxillary molars. After 16 days, rats were randomized into two groups of 72. In group 1, appliances were reactivated in precisely the same manner as the first activation. In group 2, appliances were sham-reactivated. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. Orthodontic movement was measured cephalometrically; changes in osteoclasts and root resorption were assessed at both compression and tension sites histomorphometrically; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was measured in alveolar bone and serum biochemically. Orthodontic tooth movement was linear in group 1, but osteoclasts required 3 to 5 days to appear. There were no group- or time-related differences in root resorption. Bone TRAP levels were elevated in both groups but dropped significantly (p<0.01) in group 2 at day 7. Appliance reactivations that followed decay of the first activation produced efficient tooth movement without increased risk of root resorption, but these changes were not accompanied by rapid osteoclast recruitment at compression sites. Timing appliance reactivations for the latter portion of the previous bone remodeling cycle could have significant clinical advantages because the delay period seen in tooth movement following a single activation or short-term reactivation can be avoided.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1992

Peripheral inflammatory root resorption. A review of the literature with case reports.

External resorptions associated with inflammation in marginal tissues are many times misdiagnosed and confused with caries and internal resorptions. A lack of uniformity in nomenclature has added to the confusion. This paper reviews the literature and presents cases to illustrate a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment. A new name is suggested to better reflect the features of this type of root resorption: peripheral inflammatory root resorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Non-clast cells start orthodontic root resorption in the periphery of hyalinized zones.

Previous research has indicated that orthodontically-induced root resorption is regularly associated with local trauma, most often with over-compression of the periodontal ligament (PDL). Recent research has revealed that the initial root resorption occurs in the periphery of the necrotic PDL, where mononucleated cells not stained by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), are the first cells to penetrate the root surface. The aim of the present transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigation was to study in more detail the root surface during the initial penetration of cells into precementum and mineralized cementum. In 21 Wistar rats (age 40-45 days) the maxillary first molar was moved mesially by a closed coil spring for 6 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. The results clearly indicate a role for mononucleated non-clast cells in the initial local removal of precementum and mineralized acellular cementum in the periphery not only near, but also at some distance from the compressed PDL. 1. Macrophage-like cells phagocytosed necrotic tissue in the middle of the PDL after 6 hours and near the root surface close to the hyalinized zone after 24 hours. 2. Fibroblast-like cells seemed to break down by phagocytic and collagenolytic activity the precementum near the hyalinized zone after 24 hours. 3. The surface layers of mineralized cementum were removed by mononucleated cells which occurred on the mineralized cementum after 3 days. 4. Multinucleated cells without ruffled border occurred in the PDL at some distance from the root surface after 24 hours. Multinucleated cells with a ruffled border towards the mineralized root surface were rare during the 5 days' period.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Internal root resorption associated with inadequate caries removal and orthodontic therapy.

This case report presents a case of internal root resorption originating from inadequate caries removal and orthodontic therapy in maxillary right lateral incisor in a 13-yr-old female. A preoperative, panoramic radiograph taken at the orthodontic office showed no evidence of resorption, however, the composite restoration in the coronal portion was inadequate. During 4 months of nickel titanium orthodontic wire activation, the patient suffered spontaneous pain. Periapical radiographs revealed internal root resorption in the middle third of the root. Endodontic treatment was accomplished and coronal restorations were completed with composite resin. Periodical radiograph examination as well as orthodontic treatment was continued. The tooth was clinically and radiographically healthy at the 18-month follow-up. The importance of the preoperative radiographic examination as well as radiographs during orthodontic treatment is affirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Root resorption following traumatic dental injuries.

Permanent teeth are usually not attacked by osteoclasts despite their situation in a site where active bone resorption constantly takes place as a result of local and systemic osteoclast activating factors. This fact points to antiresorption factors residing in both the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the pulp. Concerning the PDL homeostasis factor (i.e. permanency of a separation between the alveolar socket and the root surface and protection of the root surface against osteoclastic activity), recent studies have shown that this factor, at least with respect to trauma and wound healing, is linked to, and probably resides in, the cementoblast layer and/or the cells next to this layer. If there is loss of this tissue integrity, root resorption may occur; especially if non-PDL derived cells gain access to the site. With respect to the pulp, no systematic research has been performed regarding the homeostasis of this structure (i.e. permanency of the pulpal organ with its specific anatomy and functional stability). In evaluating the events where resorption does occur, it appears that the loss of tissue components within the pulp (including odontoblasts) implies a risk of root canal resorption if nonpulpally derived cells gain access to the site. Root resorption following traumatic dental injuries, whether located along the root surface or within the root canal appears to be a sequel to wound healing events, where a significant amount of the PDL or pulp has been lost due to the effect of acute trauma. The goal of these processes is removal of injured tissue from zones of trauma, space creation for neovascularization or control of infection. Irrespective of the goal, these processes have a potential for root resorption. The type of tissue repair, i.e. repair originating from the dental pulp, the PDL or bone or a combination, seems to be of importance in determining the risk of root resorption during the healing process.

Dental Pulp↗
PubMed1995

Root resorption associated with hydroxyapatite particles: a case report.

A case report of an unusual root resorption reaction associated with a graft of hydroxyapatite particles is presented. The hydroxyapatite particles were grafted to treat vertical infrabony defects at the distal aspect of the maxillary left canine and on the mesial side of the mandibular right first molar. The graft sites were monitored at maintenance visits. Root resorption was observed radiographically 9 to 10 months after grafting. The lesions were restored with a light-cured glass-ionomer cement and/or a resin composite. Possible etiologic factors associated with this condition are discussed.

Bone Substitutes↗
PubMed2001

Generalized cervical root resorption associated with periodontal disease.

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF CASE: The etiology and pathogenesis of generalized cervical root resorptions is not well understood. In the present report, a case of severe cervical root resorption involving 24 anterior and posterior teeth is presented. The lesions developed within a period of 2 years after the patient had changed to an acid-enriched diet. They extended far into the coronal dentin and were associated with gingival inflammation and crestal bone resorption. However, no generalized clinical attachment loss had occurred. Culturing of subgingival plaque revealed the presence of several putative periodontal pathogens among which Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Treatment consisted of mechanical debridement supported by systemic antibiotics (amoxycillin plus metronidazole) and dietary advice. RESULTS: Within 1 year after the onset of treatment, all resorptive lesions had repaired by ingrowth of a radio-opaque mineralized tissue. The crestal areas showed radiological evidence of bone repair. 3 years after the onset of therapy, one premolar was extracted and examined histologically. It appeared that irregularly-shaped masses of woven bone-like tissue had invaded into the domain of the resorbed coronal dentin and were bordered by thin layers of acellular cementum. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that, in this patient, the cervical resorptions were likely the result of an osteoclastic response extending into the roots because the root-protective role of the junctional epithelium did not develop. We hypothesize that this was due to the combined effects of a periodontopathogenic microflora and a dietary confounding factor.

Acids↗
PubMed1996

The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents.

This clinical and histological study was designed as an intra-individual study to investigate the effect on tooth movements and adverse tissue reactions (root resorption) when a fixed orthodontic appliance was activated with a controlled, continuous force of 50 cN (approximately equal to 50 g) or with a four-fold larger force (200 cN approximately equal to 200 g). The first premolar on both sides of the maxilla in eight individuals, six boys and two girls (mean age 13.0 years), was moved buccally during 7 weeks with 50 cN and 200 cN alternately on the right or left size. During the first week a force reduction of 18 and 28 per cent (on average) was registered in the 50 cN and 200 cN group respectively. Tooth movements were studied by means of dental casts using a coordinate measuring machine. The magnitude of the mean horizontal crown movement increased 50 per cent when a force of 200 cN was applied compared with a 50 cN force (3.4-5.1 mm on average) and the difference was significant. Root resorptions were registered in histological sections of the extracted test teeth with no significant difference in frequency or severity between the two forces used. Individual variations were large regarding both tooth movement and root resorption. Possible reasons to explain the results as well as the clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part II. Treatment factors.

The main objective of this study was to determine which treatment factors are most clearly identified with external apical root resorption that is detectable on periapical radiographs at the end of orthodontic treatment. The records of 868 patients who completed fixed, edgewise treatment from experienced clinicians in private practice were examined. The horizontal and vertical displacement of the root apex of the maxillary central incisor was measured on cephalometric radiographs. Patients who underwent first premolar extraction therapy had more resorption than those patients who had no extractions or had only maxillary first premolars removed. Duration of treatment and the horizontal (but not vertical) displacement of the incisor apices were significantly associated with root resorption. No differences were found for slot size, archwire type, use of elastics, and types of expansion. However, there was considerable variation among the 6 offices that were surveyed; 1 office averaged nearly a full millimeter more of resorption per anterior tooth than the office with the least amount of root resorption. We conclude that the clinician should exercise caution with those patients in whom extraction therapy is planned for overjet correction that requires above average treatment time. Finally, each clinician should be aware that the root resorption seen in one practice may be different from the root resorption found in another practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Changes of vibration frequency due to root resorption of deciduous tooth].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of vibration frequency of a deciduous tooth due to physiological root resorption. The author developed an analysis system for tooth vibration by applying an impact-hammer to the tooth. Peak frequency (Hz) of the tooth stimulated by the impact-hammer was observed by the analysis system. The following results were obtained: 1) Peak frequency of the tooth vibration shifted to a lower range according to the root resorption both in vitro (simulation model) and in vivo (15 children) and a high positive correlation was found between the peak frequency and the crown-root length ratio (r = 0.840). 2) A cause of the frequency shift to the lower range was not related to the tooth weight but to the change of tooth gravity due to the root resorption. 3) It was considered that the vibration analysis system could be useful on measuring tooth mobility in vivo and in clinic as well.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Continuous versus interrupted continuous orthodontic force related to early tooth movement and root resorption.

The aim of the present clinical investigation was to assess the effects of continuous and interrupted continuous forces of the same magnitude (50 cN = 50 g) on orthodontic tooth movement and related adverse tissue reactions, i.e., root resorption. Thirty-two maxillary first premolars in 16 patients, 8 boys and 8 girls (mean age 13.9 years), were moved buccally by means of a fixed orthodontic appliance with a sectional arch. The patients were divided into two groups of 8, for experimental periods of 4 and 7 weeks. The continuous force was checked and reactivated weekly to 50 cN. The interrupted continuous force applied to the contralateral premolars was left uncontrolled for 3 weeks, after which the arch was made passive for 1 week for tissue rest and recovery. Tooth movements were studied on dental casts using a coordinate measuring machine (Validator 100, TESA SA, Renens, Switzerland). Horizontal tooth movement with continuous force was more effective than with interrupted continuous force after 7 weeks. Histological sections of the experimental teeth, however, showed no difference in the amount or severity of root resorption between the two forces. Individual variations in both the magnitude of tooth movement and the amount and severity of root resorption for both of the two force systems were great.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

External root resorption after bleaching: a case report.

An external root resorption occurred after bleaching and was diagnosed radiographically in a 26-year-old female dental assistant. The resorption was noticed 6 months after bleaching. The involved tooth had no history of trauma. An attempt to stop the resorption by using calcium hydroxide failed. The perforation was corrected surgically with amalgam.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Scanning electron microscopy of root resorption of feline teeth.

Scanning electron microscopy was carried out on 10 feline extracted permanent teeth from 3 cases with root resorption. Various-sized resorption lacunae were well defined, showing an etched pattern and configuration as shown in human deciduous teeth. In cats, regardless of the shape and depth of lacunae, the resorption lacunae showed opening dentinal tubules in the wall with or without cement matrix apperring only in the deep and round lacunae of human cases. Some specific process of mineralization for repairing dental root resorption was suggested in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cervical root resorption in two patients with unilateral complete cleft of the lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: Case reports on cervical root resorption in patients with complete cleft of the lip and palate are scarce. Moreover, cervical root resorption is sometimes diagnosed several years after a combined orthodontic and surgical therapy in patients with cleft. In this article a review of the literature is presented, and a description and the management of the cervical lesion is provided. An additional objective of this report is to advocate for alveolar bone grafting before the age of 12 years while the vulnerable cervical region of the teeth adjacent to the cleft defect is still protected by a thick layer of bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Thyroid function and root resorption.

The regulation of degradative activity such as phagocytosis and bone resorption in the periodontal region is greatly influenced by factors controlling general bone modeling. The purpose of this study was to determine if thyroxine has any influence on the occurrence of force-induced root resorption. Young male rats were divided into three groups: a group of normal rats, a control group in which appliances were placed, and an experimental group in which appliances were placed and I-thyroxine was administered (5 micrograms/kg bw for 12 days). Root resorptions were induced by orthodontic force on the maxillary incisors. Fewer force-induced root resorption lesions occurred in the thyroxine group than in the control group. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the thyroxine group was significantly different from the normal and control groups. Thus, the decrease of resorptive lesions in the thyroxine group seemed correlated to a change in the bone modeling process, especially as related to the resorption activity.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

External root resorption of the maxillary permanent incisors caused by ectopically erupting canines.

In this study, we analyzed the root resorption of 10 maxillary permanent incisors (two central and eight lateral incisors) in seven cases associated with ectopic eruption of adjacent canines. Two incisors were extracted because of marked root resorption. Two erupted after traction, whereas, five erupted after surgical exposure or without any treatment, although one lateral incisor submerged due to ankylosis. This suggests that self-correction of the ectopic canine occurs in some cases.

Child↗