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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Histochemical studies on the conjunctival goblet cells. I. (Alcian-blue) AB-(periodic acid-Schiff) PAS staining and PAS-AB staining.

The difference in the histochemical results between AB-PAS and PAS-AB sequence was studied in the conjunctival goblet cells of monkeys and rats by light microscopy. These sequences demonstrated the presence of different staining patterns of goblet cells in the conjunctiva. In the monkey conjunctiva, the results revealed at least two staining patterns by PAS-AB staining. The goblet cells, which were observed at troughs, showed magenta. The goblet cells, which were observed in the pits of the conjunctiva, showed alcianophilia. In the rats, the goblet cells which showed magenta and the goblet cells which showed alcianophilia were located together in the same gland bud. From the results obtained by the present experiments, it was concluded that the goblet cells of the conjunctiva of the monkey and the rat were grouped into at least two types by histochemical examination.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How should PCNA be assessed? Total of stained cells or only the most intensely stained ones?

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse whether a marker of proliferative activity (PCNA) could provide a prognosis of tumor evolution and to determine whether different interpretation criteria could alter the results. METHOD: The presence of PCNA in 59 patients of state II (T2 N0.1 M0) mammary carcinoma was determined. RESULT: Numerical proportions of total and intensely stained cells were established. These data were compared with anatomopathological parameters. A significant association between higher cyclin values and worse histological and nuclear grading was encountered, particularly in patients with a "negative axilla" using the PCNA index. Cyclin values were not significant in relation to any parameters when indices from the intensely stained cells were considered exclusively. CONCLUSION: Higher nuclear (NG3) and histological (HGIII) grading, associated with a high PCNA index (> 50), distinguish high-risk patients, and it is more appropriate considering all the stained cells as representative of PCNA indices, thus reflecting tumor aggressiveness.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

[A study on the significance of p53 gene mutation, P53 protein positive staining and PCNA staining].

After obtaining the results of p53 gene mutation by a silver staining method to polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis, P53 protein staining and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index by double-blind method, multivariate correlation analysis two by two showed that PCR-SSCP, P53 positive protein staining and PCNA index had markedly correlation not only in oral precancerous lesions (OPL) but also in primary sites and regional metastatic lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). This indicated that the nature of the three indexes was the same. After introducing the sex and age of patients which have been proved to be related to the initiation and development of OPL and OSCC according to other researchers and are easy to be obtained in clinics, multivariate discriminatory analysis was carried on and three groups of discriminatory equations were gotten about the pathological grading of OPL and OSCC and metastasis condition of OSCC. The accuracy of these equations was 82.5%, 78% and 80%, individually. This suggests that the equations have applicable potentiality already.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2005

Comparative study on rapid dot-immunogold staining and two immunogold silver staining assays for diagnosing schistosomiasis japonica.

A fast, specific, sensitive, convenient, and economical rapid-dot-immunogold staining (R-Dot-IGS) assay was used to detect serum antibodies in patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum. The soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum was added onto microspore membrane. After pre-reacting and blocking, the serum to be detected and sheep anti-human IgG labeled with chloroauric acid were added sequentially. The assay took 15 minutes. For comparison, the dot-immunogold silver staining (Dot-IGSS) and rapid micro-volume Dot-IGSS (RM-Dot-IGSS) assay were also performed. The positive rate to detect the serum of schistosomiasis japonica by the R-Dot-IGS, Dot-IGSS and RM-Dot-IGSS assay was 98%, 98% and 100%, respectively. Samples from 50 healthy controls, 10 cases of clonorchiasis, and 10 cases of paragonimiasis showed negative reactions except for one case of clonorchiasis with RM-Dot-IGSS assay. Compared with Dot-IGSS and RM-Dot-IGSS, R-Dot-IGS assay has similar sensitivity and specificity, but the latter is quicker, simpler, and cheaper. Therefore, R-Dot-IGS is strongly recommended for rapid diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica both in epidemiological study and in the clinic.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Staining ability and biocompatibility of brilliant blue G: preclinical study of brilliant blue G as an adjunct for capsular staining.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and biocompatibility of brilliant blue G (BBG) for capsular visualization for continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis. METHODS: The capsular staining ability of BBG was evaluated at graded concentrations of 10.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/mL in enucleated pig's eyes. The biocompatibility of BBG was assessed in rat's eyes for 2 months. The eyes were analyzed using light, fluorescence, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopy. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) was used to detect apoptotic cells, and endothelial cell counts were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The results were compared using indocyanine green and trypan blue. RESULTS: The BBG improved capsular visualization, and a complete capsulorrhexis could be performed. In the rat model, no apparent toxic effect was observed using biomicroscopy during 2 months. Histologically, BBG showed satisfactory biocompatibility. Apoptotic cell death of the endothelial cells was detected in only the trypan blue group. In contrast to BBG, indocyanine green and trypan blue showed degeneration of corneal endothelial cells using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. CONCLUSION: The BBG contributed to better capsular visualization and caused no apparent complications to the corneal endothelium.Clinical Relevance The BBG is effective and safe capsular staining for continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immuno gold staining (IGS) and immuno gold silver staining (IGSS) for the identification of the plant pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.

For the identification of the plant pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, the immuno gold staining (IGS) and immuno gold silver staining (IGSS) techniques are tested. The IGS and IGSS methods are at least as sensitive an indirect immunofluorescence and require less primary antiserum. Moreover they have the advantage that the preparations can be conserved permanently and unchanged. The preparation of the IGS can be observed with transmitted light or--with considerable better result--using epipolarization microscopy. The IGSS method deserves special attention because of its high contrast in normal brigth field microscopy with transmitted light.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evolutionary chromosomal differentiation among four species of Conoderus Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae, Conoderini) detected by standard staining, C-banding, silver nitrate impregnation, and CMA3/DA/DAPI staining.

The speciose Brazilian Elateridae fauna is characterized by high karyotypic diversity, including one species (Chalcolepidius zonatus Eschscholtz, 1829) with the lowest diploid number within any Coleoptera order. Cytogenetic analysis of Conoderus dimidiatus Germar, 1839, C. scalaris (Germar, 1824,) C. ternarius Germar, 1839, and C. stigmosus Germar, 1839 by standard and differential staining was performed with the aim of establishing mechanisms of karyotypic differentiation in these species. Conoderus dimidiatus, C. scalaris, and C. ternarius have diploid numbers of 2n(male) = 17 and 2n(female) = 18, and a X0/XX sex determination system, similar to that encountered in the majority of Conoderini species. The karyotype of C. stigmosus was characterized by a diploid number of 2n = 16 and a neoXY/neoXX sex determination system that was highly differentiated from other species of the genus. Some features of the mitotic and meiotic chromosomes suggest an autosome/ancestral X chromosome fusion as the cause of the neoXY system origin in C. stigmosus. C-banding and silver impregnation techniques showed that the four Conoderus species possess similar chromosomal characteristics to those registered in most Polyphaga species, including pericentromeric C band and autosomal NORs. Triple staining techniques including CMA3/DA/DAPI also provided useful information for differentiating these Conoderus species. These techniques revealed unique GC-rich heterochromatin associated with NORs in C. scalaris and C. stigmosus and CMA3-heteromorphism in C. scalaris and C. ternarius.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Silver staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels: increased sensitivity through a combined Coomassie blue-silver stain procedure.

A combined Coomassie blue-silver stain method has been developed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels for the detection of proteins using the model compounds bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, and recombinant DNA-derived human insulin. Sensitivity was enhanced 2.2 to 8.6 times by the new method relative to that of silver staining alone. The new method may also be useful in enhancing detection sensitivities of other proteins.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1987

Copper staining: a five-minute protein stain for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels.

We present a new method for visualizing proteins electrophoresed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. After electrophoresis, gels are incubated in CuCl2 to produce a negative image of colorless protein bands against a semiopaque background. Gels are stained completely within 5 min, do not require destaining, and can be stored indefinitely without loss of the image. Because proteins are not permanently fixed within the gel, they can be quantitatively eluted after chelation of Cu with EDTA. The sensitivity of the CuCl2 stain falls between that of Coomassie blue and silver. We anticipate that CuCl2 will be useful in the rapid analysis of proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in the preparation of purified polypeptides by elution from gel slices.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A sensitive cytochemical staining method for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in individual erythrocytes. II. Further improvements of the staining procedure and some observations with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

A cytochemical method for staining glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in individual erythrocytes as reported previously has been optimized further by the incorporation of a number of technical improvements. Analysis of the enzyme content in erythrocytes of normal individuals as well as patients suffering from G6PD deficiency in the homozygous and heterozygous forms allows these three categories to be easily distinguished. Considerable formazan production occurs in most erythrocytes of a healthy person and only a small percentage of the cells appeared to be negative. Two cell populations of almost equal size could be discerned in heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency, one completely negative, the other with a variable amount of formazan per cell. Homozygous deficiency leads to a population of negative cells with a few positive ones after staining. It is concluded that a reliable method has been found for analysis of G6PD deficiency in erythrocytes at the single cell level.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1990

Blinded comparison of a direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining method and a Giemsa staining method for identification of Pneumocystis carinii in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

A new direct immunofluorescence monoclonal antibody (DFA) method (Genetic Systems, Inc., Seattle, Wash.) for identification of Pneumocystis carinii in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens was compared in a blinded study with an established Giemsa stain method. We evaluated 148 consecutive clinical specimens from 104 patients with the following results. For the 67 patients (64%) infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 49 were initially negative by both the DFA and the Giemsa methods, none were negative by DFA and positive by Giemsa, 6 were positive by DFA and negative by Giemsa, and 12 were positive by both methods, for a sensitivity and a negative predictive value of greater than 99%. For the six patients positive by DFA and negative by Giemsa, all were positive by both methods on evaluation of subsequently obtained clinical specimens, suggesting a specificity of greater than 99% and a false-positive rate of less than 1%. For 37 patients whose HIV status was negative or unknown, 35 were negative by both methods and 2 were positive by DFA and negative by Giemsa. The DFA method was simple to perform and required less time for scoring of stained slides than the Giemsa method, but care had to be taken to avoid false-positive readings due to extraneous fluorescence. This study indicates that the DFA method represents an advance as a sensitive, simple, and rapid way to identify P. carinii in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from HIV-infected patients and suggests greater sensitivity of the DFA than the Giemsa method in this patient population.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Cardiac gap junctions and gap junction-associated vesicles: ultrastructural comparison of in situ negative staining with conventional positive staining.

By comparing in situ negative staining of mammalian heart muscle using La(NO3)3 with conventional positive staining by uranium and lead salts, we showed that 1) the membrane area of rat cardiac gap junctions (GJs) at the intercalated disks is threefold to fourfold greater than previously thought; 2) connexon arrays of cardiac GJ are subdivided into microdomains by connexon-free aisles; 3) profiles of GJ-associated vesicles (GJAVs) of plasmalemmal origin (which are present extracellularly and sharply localized at three extracellular sites) are paired to form GJs with each other and with myocyte plasmalemma; 4) some GJAVs contain arrays of assembled connexons; and 5) myocytes contain intracytoplasmic complexes lying within cylindrical or cigar-shaped membranes and consisting of GJs and multiple vesicles apparently dissociating from these GJs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hematoporphyrin/DAPI staining: simplified simultaneous one-step staining of DNA and cell protein and trial application in automated cytological screening by flow cytometry.

We describe a procedure for simplified, simultaneous one-step staining in 10 min for DNA and cell and tissue proteins using a newly developed staining solution containing 0.03% hematoporphyrin (HP) with 0.001% DAPI [or with Hoeschst 33342 (HO)]. These HP/DAPI or HP/HO solutions were especially developed to facilitate a trial of automated cancer cell screening on sputum samples using flow cytometry. Under UV light (365 nm) with fluorescence microscopy, HP/DAPI-stained cells showed red fluorescence (max. 670 nm) of cytoplasm and simultaneous blue fluorescence (max. 470 nm) of nuclei. The distance between the maximum peak of fluorescence spectra of DNA and that of protein was as large as 200 nm, and there was no detectable overlapping of each spectrum at the photometric filter range, which provided accurate measurement of DNA and protein. On flow cytometry, a single UV beam (370 nm) from the argon laser was used for excitation of both dyes. Measurement of DNA was done using a 470-nm bandpass filter and of protein using a 640-nm longpass (or 670-nm bandpass) filter. Reflecting the undetectable overlapping of the fluorescence spectra of protein and DNA, normal diploid cells in sputum revealed horizontal distributions along the 2C level on the dot-plot display of flow cytometry, which made sorting of abnormal hyperdiploid cells and cancer cells easier.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Differential nucleolar staining affinity with a modified Papanicolaou staining procedure.

A modified Papanicolaou staining procedure using diluted Harris' hematoxylin with potassium alum is described. Nucleolar staining varies from blue to bright red. This technique has been applied to mammary tumor cell lines in vitro under several conditions of hormonal stimulation known to induce protein synthesis and cell differentiation. Blue nucleoli are observed in control resting cells, while bright red nucleoli are seen after hormonal stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Methenamine-silver staining: a simple and sensitive staining method for senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

An improved methenamine-silver impregnation method is presented which exhibits sensitivity for amyloid substances comparable to that of anti-beta protein immunostaining. In optimally treated sections, this technique stained both beta-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles, which are known to have a beta-pleated structure. This simple procedure allows a large number of sections to be stained for routine examination.

Alzheimer Disease↗