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Results for “Social Control, Informal”

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PubMed2005

Internet minimal group paradigm.

Over many years, social psychologists have sought to understand what causes individuals to form themselves into groups. Initially, it was believed that groups were formed when people bonded around a common goal. Later, it was found that, when individuals were divided into groups on a random basis, this in itself was sufficient for them to feel part of a group and show a preference for their own group over others. Since the environment in cyberspace is different from that of the offline world, for example, there is no physical proximity between participants; it may be assumed that it would be difficult to achieve feelings of affiliation among potential or actual group members. This pioneer study seeks to discover which components are requisite to the creation of a group identity among individuals surfing the Internet. For this experiment, 24 people were divided into two Internet chat groups according to their intuitive preference in a decision-making task. It was found that group members perceived their own group performance as superior on a cognitive task as compared with that of the other group. These results demonstrate that for surfers, the Internet experience is very real and even a trivial allocation of people to a group is likely to create a situation of ingroup favoritism.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Health-related social control within older adults' relationships.

This study examined the size and composition of older adults' social control networks and investigated behavioral and affective responses to the experience of social control. Social control in the health domain refers to regulatory attempts by others (direct), and feelings of obligation and responsibility to others (indirect), that encourage engagement in a healthy lifestyle. Participants were 181 adults aged 65-80 years who completed a mail survey. On average, older adults reported having 3-5 people in their social network who exerted a positive influence on their health behaviors, with the size and composition of this network varying somewhat by marital and parental statuses. Social control was associated with both positive and negative behavioral and affective responses, depending on both the type of social control (direct vs indirect) and level of relationship satisfaction. Results indicate the importance of better understanding the conditions under which social relationships have beneficial versus detrimental effects on the well-being of older adults.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Understanding social influence in medical education.

Many aspects of the medical education system lead trainees to a host of maladaptive reactions and behaviors, but far too little attention has been focused on the impact that interactions between teacher and learner can have on the development of professionalism. The authors discuss the concept of "social influence," a change of attitude, belief, or behavior resulting from the actions of another person in the context of the medical education setting. Using the example of a medical student who has not adequately completed his inpatient medicine requirements, they identify ten strategies of social influence that a medical educator might invoke to change the student's behavior and evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of these strategies. This overview can be used by faculty to explore new strategies of teaching and to reflect on their current teaching styles.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1991

Sibling influences on adolescent drug use: older brothers on younger brothers.

This study was designed to examine sibling influences on adolescent drug use. The sample was composed of 278 white, predominantly middle-class male college students and their oldest brothers. Self-administered questionnaires were taken separately by the students and their brothers. The findings indicated that the oldest brother's personality and the sibling relationship had an influence on the younger brother's drug use. Three hypothesized mechanisms that supported the findings, the Personality Influence Mechanism, the Genetic Temperament Connection, and the Environmental Reactive Mechanism were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Labeling and cultural expectations & the shaping of a sorcery syndrome in aboriginal Australia.

An Aboriginal behavioral syndrome is described and considered from cognitive and social labeling perspectives. Fifty-seven cases of this fear of sorcery syndrome were encountered in a 5-year epidemiological survey of Aboriginals living on reserves in the Northern Territory. The syndrome is similar to others reported from around the world in cultural contexts where sorcery is an important component of belief systems. It is characterized by severe anxiety and agitation, a breakdown of normal social behavior, and a paranoid preoccupation with personal, physical, and social security. The syndrome is particularly noteworthy in that it circulates from one clansman to another, although the individual course of the disorder is relatively short term and nonrecurring. From a Western perspective, when the behavior associated with this syndrome assumes clinical proportions, appropriate diagnosis is made, and tranquilizing medication typically prescribed. The detailed epidemiology is in accordance with local definition of likely sorcery victims. This conformity with cultural expectation is taken as evidence for the labeling hypothesis. This analysis is based on theoretical models deriving from psychological and sociological approaches to psychiatric disorder, which suggest that the behaviors can only be explained by reference to the larger cultural context and belief system which is operating. The syndrome is institutionalized both in terms of social expression and control. Cognitive labeling and social labeling theory are seen as complementary models conjointly explaining both individual and social response to the illness, suggesting the interactive nature of adjustment etiologies. In addition, these approaches speak to the individual and social functions served by the sorcery symptoms described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Women's "sickness": a case of secondary gains or primary losses.

The functionalist view of the sick role is analyzed in terms of its applicability to women. Rather than focusing on the so-called secondary gains of the sick role, attention is given to the primary losses incurred when women's problems are subject to medical definitions and interventions. Women's "sickness" is placed in a historical and sociopolitical context. The "sickness" of the nursing profession and the "sickness" of women are seen as sharing similar symptoms, the same etiology, and hence a common cure.

Female↗