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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Overview of the tunable beamlines for protein crystallography at the EMBL Hamburg Outstation; an analysis of current and future usage and developments.

The EMBL Hamburg Outstation currently operates two tunable protein crystallography beamlines suitable for single and multiple anomalous diffraction (SAD/MAD) experiments. The first beamline, designated X31, is located on a bending magnet of the DORIS III storage ring whereas the second beamline, BW7A, is positioned at a multipole wiggler at the same storage ring. X31 is equipped with an energy stabilization device to ensure constant wavelength during longer data-collection periods. The in-house built crystallographic end-station is now equipped with a Mar345 imaging-plate scanner as a detector. The wiggler beamline BW7A features a novel sagitally focusing monochromator. The end-station used here has also been developed and built in-house. The beamline is currently operated with a Mar 165 CCD detector. In this paper the hardware and software developments of the last years will be summarized and the outlook for substantial upgrades will be given. The future plans include the design and construction of a third tunable beamline, designated X12, for protein crystallography. The development of automated beamlines for protein crystallography is of particular importance with respect to structural genomics initiatives. The analysis of the projects of the last years shows the wide range of anomalous scatterer used on the tunable beamlines thus demonstrating the need of a wide range of accessible energies and fast and reliable energy changes.

Crystallography↗

PubMed1999

Automated comet assay analysis.

BACKGROUND: Recently the "comet assay" or "single-cell gel electrophoresis assay" has been established as a sensitive method for the detection of DNA damage and repair. Most of the software now available to quantify various parameters for DNA damage requires the interaction of a human observer. In this report, we describe an automated analysis system that is based on self-developed software and hardware and needs minimal human interaction. METHODS: The image analysis is divided into two parts: 1) automatic cell recognition and comet classification and 2) quantification of desired comet parameters. Image preprocessing, segmentation, and feature classification were developed with algorithms based on mathematical morphology. To enhance evaluation speed, we have introduced parallel processing of data under the Windows NT operating system (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). Use of an analogue real-time autofocus unit (Böcker et al.: Phys Med Biol 1997;42:1981-1992) allows for faster analysis. RESULTS: Our recognition software shows a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 92.7% when tested on test samples from routine work with DNA damage by low-dose radiation (0-2 Gy). The parallel hardware and software concept enables us to analyze 100 comets on one slide in less than 15 min. CONCLUSIONS: A comparison of measurements made on the same samples by manual and automated analysis systems revealed that there are no significant differences. The slope of the dose-response curves and the repair kinetics are very similar and demonstrate that automatic comet assay analysis is possible.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1985

A computer-assisted electrocardiographic analysis system: methodology and potential application to cardiovascular toxicology.

An automated analysis of electrocardiographic (ECG) waveforms, based on a precise one-dimensional analysis of features within a generalized computer-enhanced ECG waveform, has been developed in our laboratory. ECG signals are monitored, amplified, and recorded using standard techniques. The recorder output signal is distributed to a microcomputer system. Software developed for the microcomputer slows the signal playback rate and permits operator review of the slowed signal for arrhythmia analysis. The analysis program identifies and superimposes 10-40 individual ECG complexes, depending on the heart rate, and generates an "ensembled" waveform. Operator interaction permits delineation of specific points on the displayed waveform and calculation of heart rate and duration of components within the ECG complex. The primary advantages of this system include (1) extensive automation--computer support decreases analytical time, increases precision, and permits rapid screening of large numbers of animals; (2) enhanced sensitivity--the use of functional parameters should provide a more sensitive index of toxicity than morphological parameters; (3) broad utility--this system provides the capability to utilize a variety of animals, both anesthetized and unanesthetized, ranging in age from fetuses to geriatrics, and permits studies of block as well as longitudinal design; and (4) ease of replication--standardization of equipment and techniques facilitates replication by other laboratories.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

BACOMP--database of bioactive compounds for structure-activity relationship.

BACOMP database is presented for structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations; it was realized on a BK-1300 general purpose microcomputer using the MICRO-SETOR network database management system. Some general considerations of database design are given and the models and facilities for a development of a microcomputer-based SAR oriented database are described. The database contains the following information for the bioactive compounds: chemical structures, biological activities, trade names, reference numbers and information sources. For computer representation of chemical structures SAR oriented language is used. The database software includes: system software, data capture and data editing software, information retrieval and data processing applications. The software development is done in FORTRAN IV and MACRO assembly language. The programs are written in a completely interactive mode. The information retrieval software includes 12 functions giving an information for the database as a whole and for a single compound as well. The data processing software includes 8 functions for finding common structural fragments among compounds with similar biological activity and for estimating a structural similarity between different compounds. The functions are selected from corresponding screen MENUs. The function realization results are framed as appropriate screen formats and the receipt of hardcopies is available. The database can be used to develop predictive methods in respect of the investigated biological activity.

Drug Information Services↗

PubMed1997

The search for the elusive electronic medical record system--medical liability, the missing factor.

Over the past few years, the traditional paper-based medical record system has come under close scrutiny by every participant in the healthcare industry. Some groups, especially federal agencies such as Medicare and Medicaid, HMOs, and other third party payors, have begun to demand changes in medical record documentation, and have become very assertive as to what goals and objectives will be met. In contrast, the medical liability insurance industry has remained almost invisible during this period of transition. At a recent electronic medical records (EMR) conference participants attending a software development workshop were asked if they had their systems reviewed from a medicolegal standpoint by a malpractice insurance carrier. In response to this inquiry, not one software vendor raised their hand to indicate this had been accomplished, or was even contemplated. In the author's opinion, the key missing factor in the current quest for a paperless medical office system rests in the domain of those who represent the medical liability industry. All of these gate-keepers of medical loss and risk prevention will eventually be called upon, either by choice or necessity, to validate every working EMR system that is used in medical practices in the future. This article will explore the best information published from this currently silent sector of the industry, and proposes an active involvement by the medical liability industry in the current EMR design and development processes taking place. In addition, there are 10 minimum EMR design criteria contained in this article that are recommended for implementation based upon 16 years of medical malpractice experience and loss prevention input.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

Interactive video: an analysis of its value to nurse education.

This paper attempts to explain the emerging technology of interactive video and examine its possible place in nursing education. A brief description of the media is given with an exploration of the educational theory and justification underlying its use. A range of approaches to the evaluation of the technology itself and software available are given, which examine advantages and disadvantages for individual learners and for an organisation considering investment in this area. The possible role of interactive video in nurse education is discussed and a recommendation given that nurse educators need to keep up-to-date with developments in this type of educational technology and develop software suitable for the needs of nurses, rather than having to use packages developed for other purposes which have limited application for nursing.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed2003

New method for simultaneous anatomical and functional studies of articular joints and its application to the human knee.

In this paper a new methodology is described for the acquisition and computer elaboration of joint anatomy and motion data and the study of their correlation. The method uses a particular commercial electrogoniometer never used before for biomechanic investigations and software developed by the author for numerical interpolations and interactive display of the anatomical structures during joint motion. The original data acquisition protocol and computer elaboration software are described in detail, the theoretical and experimental accuracy of the method is reported and the original features and potential benefits of this approach in the field of joint biomechanics are discussed. Finally an experimental application for geometrical and functional analysis of the knee is presented as a practical example.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Get a grip on patient safety: outcomes in the palm of your hand.

Documentation of what nurses do and the consequential impact on the care and safety of the patient is essential for the optimal use of intravascular devices. The University of Louisville Hospital's infection control department collaborated with the infusion therapy team on a project designed to provide an easier and more reliable way to quantify what the infusion therapy team did and the resultant patient outcomes. This project was based on software developed by the infection control department for use with the handheld personal digital assistant (PDA). This article will discuss how use of the PDA and software meet individual departmental needs and impact patient outcomes and patient safety by using evidence-based decision-making.

Documentation↗

PubMed1996

Three-dimensional prostate ultrasound and its application to cryosurgery.

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), despite its undeniable utility in prostate imaging, employs a spatially flexible and variable 2-dimensional (2-D) imaging technique to visualize a 3-dimensional (3-D) disease process and anatomy. To circumvent some of the limitations of 2-D TRUS, 3-D TRUS was developed. The system consists of a motorized assembly (to hold a standard ultrasound transducer) and a computer with a video frame grabber. The microcomputer, using software developed in our laboratory, rapidly reconstructs a series of linear ultrasound images into a 3-D image. The 3-D TRUS technology has been incorporated into our program for cryoablation of the prostate. With intraoperative 3-D TRUS providing a unique coronal view, cryoprobe placement is facilitated to detect malalignment and avoid subsequent suboptimal cryoablation. In our use of 3-D TRUS guidance, in all 21 initial patients, probe malalignment, otherwise not apparent on standard 2-D TRUS, was detected and corrected before cryosurgery. With median follow-up of just < 1 year, only 2 of 44 biopsy cores (from the same site of 1 patient) were positive at 3 and 6 months. 3-D TRUS appears to be a valuable adjunctive tool in prostate imaging, especially in providing guidance for cryoblation of prostate cancer.

Cryosurgery↗

PubMed1998

A software package for non-invasive, real-time beat-to-beat monitoring of stroke volume, blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and for assessment of autonomic function.

The goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate algorithms for non-invasive, real-time, beat-to-beat monitoring of stroke index (SI), blood pressure (BP) and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) which has a menu-driven interface, suitable for routine use by unskilled staff. In addition, it was our aim to include a meta-analysis for the evaluation of autonomic function derived from the above haemodynamic data. This includes spectral analysis of heart rate (HR), BP, SI and TPRI and the automatic calculation of baroreceptor reflex sensitivity. Impedance cardiography was used for beat-to-beat SI determination, Finapres corrected by an oscillometric blood pressure measurement (Dinamap) on the upper arm for beat-to-beat BP measurement. We demonstrate noise free recordings during physiological (head up tilt) and pharmacological intervention (alpha 1-, beta 2-adrenoreceptor agonists, insulin induced hypoglycemia). The newly developed software should prove valuable for physiological, pharmacological and clinical studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Quality controlling interpretive reporting systems in clinical medicine--a changing responsibility.

This paper presents some observations on a number of topics which affect the quality of computer software and includes: current trends in software design, current levels of responsibilities for the various parties involved in bringing automation to clinical medicine, why software development is so difficult to quality control, and certain characteristics of system development which contribute most to the construction of inaccurate models.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

Large-scale gene expression analysis in molecular target discovery.

The evolution of simple arrays consisting of a few genes to ones composed of thousands of genes and/or ESTs has allowed investigators unprecedented views of the molecular mechanisms within cells. Due to the enormous quantities of information derived from microarray analysis, new types of problems have surfaced, such as where to store all of the data. The ability to solve database or statistical problems has required the bench biologist to collaborate with database developers, software designers and statisticians to determine solutions for storage, analysis and interpretation of microarray data. The collaborative effort between these extremely diverse disciplines has led to the development of creative database query and gene expression analysis tools, producing significant reductions in the time required by researchers to filter through the datasets and discover the key processes perturbed by the diseases of interest. Both unsupervised and supervised analysis methods have been applied to gene expression data leading to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Furthermore, tumor classification based on their respective molecular fingerprints has led to the classification of cancer subtypes and the discovery of novel molecular taxonomies that may eventually lead to improved patient stratification and superior therapeutic strategies.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed1994

Computerized tracking of mammography patients: value of a radiology information system integrated with a personal-computer data base.

OBJECTIVE. We investigated the advantages of using a radiology information system as the primary data source for a mammographic patient-tracking system that is based on a personal-computer local-area network and that requires almost no data entry. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE. Our mammographic data base is maintained on a file server that provides cross-platform access to both Macintosh and IBM-compatible personal computers. Locally developed software automatically transfers mammographic data from our radiology information system to the file server's mammographic data base. The data transferred include patients' demographics (e.g., hospital identification number, address, referring physician) and the complete mammographic report. With the use of specific terminology, the need for follow-up can be automatically gleaned from the mammographic report and coded within the data base. Graphically oriented, commercially available software provides easy access to this information from any personal computer on our department's network. The software provides considerable flexibility for searching and manipulating the data without the need for customized data-base programming. Redundant data entry and associated errors are drastically reduced, as are personnel requirements for maintaining the system. Relative to most commercial radiology information systems, a personal computer facilitates the steps involved in tracking patients and obtaining highly customized analyses of the mammographic data base. The data in the mammographic data base exactly match those in the hospital's registration data and are easily transferred to other personal-computer programs for ancillary processing. CONCLUSION. This technique is ideal for departments that use a general-purpose radiology information system for mammographic reporting, yet need a more powerful but user-friendly and low-cost method for tracking their mammography patients.

Female↗

PubMed1990

Advances in materiel management systems technology.

When evaluating materiel management systems for your needs into the 1990s, be aware that the hardware you choose could be just as important as the software. It should 1) provide flexibility for growth, 2) provide access to a unified database for departments on-site as well as in remote locations, and 3) be easily managed and maintained by those that need it for critical day-to-day information. Software developers are already incorporating the new technologies in their programs and systems designs for the 1990s. Being up-to-date on the new hardware and new software will help you evaluate the right materiel management information system.

Catalogs, Commercial as Topic↗

PubMed1996

Maxsim, software for the analysis of multiple axonal arbors and their simulated activation.

In order to analyze the structural organization of complex axonal arbors reconstructed from histological serial sections, and to investigate the functional implications of their geometrical properties, we developed software providing the following facilities: (1) direct importation of data files generated by a commercially available 3-D light-microscopic reconstruction system, including routine procedures for identification and correction of data acquisition errors; (2) real-time 3-D rotations of the arbors in the stack of serial sections; (3) multiple interactive display modes; (4) possibility of modifying diameter and/or connectivity of different branches; (5) simulation of the invasion of the arbor by a single action potential initiated at any chosen point, and visualization of spatio-temporal profiles of activation; (6) extraction of quantitative data converted to standard file formats compatible with available mathematical software. All these tools can be applied to single or multiple axons, individually or simultaneously. The software, called Maxsim, is a highly flexible C-written program running on graphical workstations using the UNIX operating system and X-Window environment.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A simple method for the correction of distorted digital angiographic images for stereotactic target localization.

The most commonly used imaging modality for the diagnosis and localization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated with stereotactic radiotherapy is traditional angiography, but it would be desirable to also use digital subtraction angiography (DSA). However, DSA images are distorted due to the electron-optical characteristics of the X-ray image intensifier. For that reason, we have developed a method for the correction of the image distortion. The ISIS II Treatment Planning System (ISIS II TPS), developed at the Curie Institute, has been used for image acquisition and stereotactic localization. A grid phantom has been constructed for determining the distortion of the DSA images. The software developed for the correction has been implemented into the TPS and is based on a correction vector produced by matching the distorted and corrected grid points. The method has been tested for its ability to correct the position of all grid points as well as its effectiveness in real cases as compared to traditional angiography. The maximum displacement of the corrected grid points compared with their original position is measured to be 0.1 mm. The accuracy of the target localization using the corrected DSA images is comparable with traditional angiography localization and falls inside acceptable accuracy limits. In conclusion, this method offers the possibility of using DSA images for stereotactic localization without limiting the requested accuracy.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Content preauthoring: preparing medical imaging information for multimedia authoring and quizzing.

Recent advances in multimedia development software and related hardware have given professionals and nonprofessionals tremendous power and flexibility to create multimedia education and training programs. Nevertheless, content organization remains a key and often neglected component of program development. Content preauthoring puts findings, diagnoses, differential diagnoses, and other standard radiologic concepts into a format that fosters logical program layout, centralized remediation, record keeping, decreased data entry, a variety of user levels, easy addition of cases, and linkage to a question-generating program. The goal of content preauthoring is to organize radiologic material into a hierarchical or spreadsheet-based structure that provides a logical basis for software design. By separating content design from software authoring, both processes become more manageable. This approach is applicable to visually oriented topics that focus on identification. The highly structured, goal-oriented nature of the method makes it particularly suitable for newcomers to multimedia authoring.

Authorship↗

PubMed2001

Development and application of a sorption data base for the performance assessment of a radwaste repository.

A sorption data base (SDB) provides readily available data for the performance assessment of a radwaste repository when site-specific and/or reference data are needed. The software developed at KAERI, SDB-21C, is a graphic user interface (GUI) program that provides efficient and user-friendly tools for evaluating large amount of sorption data. In addition, the most comprehensive sorption data base that contains about 11,000 NEA data and 2,000 KAERI data was compiled in the program. Besides the simple Kd approach, a parametric model and its compiled data sets are also included in the SDB-21C. In order to evaluate the versatility of SDB-21C, several applications were performed for relevant hypothetical situations.

Adsorption↗