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PubMed2006

Enhanced antifungal effect of the selective medium for the detection of Legionella species by a combination of cycloheximide, amphotericin B and thiabendazole.

The accurate detection of Legionella from environmental water samples using conventional plate culture methods is often made difficult by the overgrowth of non-target microorganisms on the selective agar plates. Acid pretreatment is a very effective pretreatment to decrease the overgrowth of heterotrophic bacteria. However, acid pretreatment would not be expected to eliminate molds. We evaluated the effects of four kinds of antifungal agents, individually and in combination, on the growth of Legionella strains and molds. Consequently, it was demonstrated that the combination of cycloheximide, amphotericin B and thiabendazole was very effective in eliminating molds on agar plates, and resulted in the improved detection of Legionella. Examination of 214 cooling tower water samples using the enhanced antifungal selective medium (CAT alpha) instead of GVPC alpha selective medium demonstrated a decrease in contamination by molds from 13.6% to 1.9% without affecting the growth of Legionella.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1975

Failure of thiabendazole and metronidazole in the treatment and suppression of guinea worm disease.

Guinea worm disease is endemic in West Africa. In 1973 a field drug trial was conducted to compare effectiveness, cost, and side-effects of thiabendazole and metronidazole in treating active guinea worm disease and preventing latent worms from emerging. A mass chemotherapy campaign was planned to follow the drug trial. Only 15.5% of the treated patients expelled the worm completely, and in 28.4% of the cases worms continued to appear. Both drugs were equally unsatisfactory in their anti-helminthic effect. Consequently, our efforts to control guinea worm have shifted from chemotherapy to chemical control of cyclops and improvement of rural water supplies.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of benomyl, diphenyl, o-phenylphenol, thiabendazole, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and methyl parathion in oranges by solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography.

A simple and rapid method was developed for determination of benomyl, diphenyl (DP), o-phenylphenol (OPP), thiabendazole (TBZ), chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and methyl parathion in whole oranges. These compounds were extracted from a mixture of samples and anhydrous sodium acetate with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract was concentrated and cleaned up by passing through tandem solid-phase extraction columns consisting of anion-exchange and primary/secondary amine bonded silica. The eluate was concentrated and volume was adjusted with methanol for subsequent liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC). Benomyl (as methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate, MBC), DP, OPP, and TBZ residues were determined by LC with fluorescence detection. Recoveries at 3 fortified levels (0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms/g) ranged from 63.9 to 97.4%, with coefficients of variation (CVs) of 1.6 to 15.5%. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.01 microgram/g for DP, OPP, TBZ and 0.05 microgram/g for benomyl. Chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and methyl parathion residues were determined by GC with flame photometric detection. Recoveries ranged from 90.4 to 97.0%, with CVs of 2.1 to 5.9%. LODs were 0.005 microgram/g for chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion, and 0.01 microgram/g for methidathion.

Benomyl↗
PubMed1975

Automated fluorometric determination of thiabendazole.

An automated fluorometric method is presented for the determination of thiabendazole (2-(4'-thiazolyl)benzimidazole) in 0.1N HCl solutions. Test solutions of at least 1.1 ml starting volume are sampled and pumped successively at the rate of 60/hr into a fluorometer equipped with a simple flowcell. The minimum level of detection of the fungicide is about 0.05 mu-g/ml.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1965

Effect of thiabendazole on Ancylostoma caninum.

Thiabendazole inhibits nematode development before the third stage is reached. The minimum effective concentration is 0.1 microgram/ml during the first 48 hours of development and 1.0 microgram/ml at 72 hours of development. The drug has no effect on the third stage but is again effective on larvae that have undergone 72 hours of development in the intestine of the specific host (dog). Increasing concentrations of the drug seem to be necessary to kill the larvae as the organism progresses in development. Concentrations of the drug that kill the organism before it enters the third stage (infective form) are exceeded in the blood and skin of sheep by a single 50 mg/kg oral dose. It is speculated that the drug is not effective against the infective stage because it does not enter the larvae and that the larvae progress in the skin of man to a stage where they ingest the drug or become permeable to it.

Ancylostoma↗
PubMed1975

Community control of Strongyloides stercoralis by thiabendazole.

Mass treatment of a community in Costa Rica with thiabendazole in 1965 reduced the prevalence of S. sterocoralis from 19.2% to 0.3%, and the rates remained low 2 years thereafter. Re-examination of the treated population 7 years after initial treatment showed S. stercoralis prevalence still at a 0.5% level.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Determination of thiabendazole (TBZ) in grapefruit].

The officially recognized gas chromatographic method (detector: nitrogen-phosphorus detector) for determination of thiabendazole (TBZ) in grapefruits, tends to give results that are higher than the actual values. This may be due to the fact that more of the TBZ in authentic TBZ solution is adsorbed on the column than TBZ in the sample solutions that contain a lot of impurities. Because of this difficulty, two liquid chromatographic methods were compared. If a fluorescence detector is available, the method of Nakazato et al. (ethyl acetate extraction and ion pair HPLC) is the best for preparation of test solution. When an ultraviolet detector is used, clean-up of the ethyl acetate extract is necessary. By the method of Kitada et al., the retention time of TBZ becomes shorter after injection of many samples. In view of these results, the method of Nakazato et al. is the methods-of-choice for TBZ in grapefruit.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of thiabendazole in orange juice and rind by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and confirmation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after extraction by matrix solid-phase dispersion.

A method was developed for the determination of thiabendazole (TBZ) in orange juice and rind based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). TBZ was extracted with ethyl acetate and the extract was subsequently cleaned up on a solid-phase extraction column. Fungicide residues were determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recoveries through the method ranged from 87 to 97% with relative standard deviations < or = 11%. The detection and quantitation limits were 0.15 and 0.50 microg/kg, respectively. The confirmation of TBZ residues in positive samples was performed by solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection using selected ion monitoring. The developed method was applied to determine TBZ levels in commercial orange juices and in juice and rind of fresh oranges. The influence of storage and washing of fruits on TBZ residues was also studied.

Beverages↗
PubMed1978

Immunomodulation with thiabendazole: a review of immunologic properties and efficacy in combined modality cancer therapy.

Thiabendazole (TBZ) appears to be an immunorestorative agent, demonstrating maximum immunopotentiation in the immunosuppressed host. Initial in vivo and in vitro immune studies indicate that the drug is most effective when given 24 hours prior to or at the time of administration of antigen. Single doses are more effective than multiple daily doses. One cell population potentiated by TBZ is the macrophage, either by direct activation or secondary to increased lymphokine production. As an adjuvant to conventional cancer treatment modalities, TBZ needs the same host setting as seen with many immunopotentiators. Tumor bulk must be reduced by the primary modality. A dose schedule must be developed in conjunction with each primary modality employed, ie, timing is critical. As an adjuvant in cancer therapy, the drug is most effective when given every other day. Depending upon the primary modality employed, adjuvant TBZ may require dose adjustment.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Nephrotoxicity of thiazoles structurally related to thiabendazole in mice depleted of glutathione by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine.

In mice depleted of glutathione (GSH) by treatment with DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), thiabendazole [2-(4'-thiazolyl)benzimidazole, TBZ] produces renal damage characterized by increases in relative kidney weight and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) concentration. Several thiazole and benzimidazole compounds related to TBZ were examined for the ability to cause nephrotoxicity in mice pretreated with BSO. 4-Methyl- and 4-phenylthiazoles were highly effective compounds. In the absence of BSO, 4-methylthiazole resulted in no nephrotoxicity; inhibitors of hepatic and renal cytochrome P-450 enzymes such as methoxsalen and piperonyl butoxide prevented the nephrotoxicity of 4-methylthiazole given in combination with BSO. In addition, there was a sex difference in the nephrotoxicity of 4-methylthiazole in combination with BSO; the nephrotoxicity was observed only in males. These features of nephrotoxicity of 4-methylthiazole are well in accord with those of TBZ previously reported. This suggests that TBZ and 4-methylthiazole share a common mechanism of nephrotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Determination of carbendazim and thiabendazole in tomatoes by solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection].

A novel method for the determination of carbendazim (MBC) and thiabendazole (TBZ) in tomatoes by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence detection was developed. The experimental conditions of SPME, including extraction fiber, extraction time, extraction temperature, desorption time, desorption solvent, desorption mode, pH value, organic solvent and ionic strength, and HPLC conditions were optimized. The SPME for MBC and TBZ was performed on a 65 microm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibre for 50 min at room temperature with the solution being stirred at 1 100 r/min. The florescence detection was made at 315 nm with excitation wavelength at 280 nm. The method is linear for MBC and TBZ over the range assayed from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/kg tomatoes with the detection limits of 0.003 mg/kg and 0. 001 mg/kg and the correlation coefficients of 0.995 8 and 0.996 7, respectively. The average recoveries for MBC and TBZ were 83.5% and 85.6% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 6.5% and 3.8%, respectively. The method is fast, simple, sensitive, solvent-free and suitable for the determination of MBC and TBZ in tomatoes.

Benzimidazoles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Levamisole, mebendazole, thiabendazole. Their effectiveness as helminthicides in African patients recently arrived in Cuba. From 1987 to 1988].

Ninety one passengers coming from Africa, carriers of geohelminthes, were selected and treated with helminthicides of large use in our country (levamisole, mebendazole, thiabendazole). An excellent effective response was obtained for Ascaris lumbricoides (96.5%), and a good effective response was obtained for the rest of the parasites: Trichuri trichiura (88.5%), Strongyloides stercoralis (87.5%), and Necator americanus (78.9), according to data of therapeutical response efficiency of the WHO.

Africa, Southern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of thiabendazole, 5-hydroxythiabendazole, fenbendazole, and oxfendazole in milk.

The liquid chromatographic determination previously developed for benzimidazoles in cattle liver has been slightly modified and applied to the determination of 4 benzimidazoles in milk. Recoveries of fenbendazole (FBZ), oxfendazole (OFZ), and thiabendazole (TBZ) from milk fortified at the 10 ppb level were 80% or greater with an intralaboratory coefficient of variation of 11% or less. Recovery of 5-hydroxythiabendazole (5-OH-TBZ) at the 30 ppb level averaged 56% with an intralaboratory coefficient of variation of 5%. Limited data on the depletion of FBZ, OFZ, TBZ, and 5-OH-TBZ in milk were also generated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of thiabendazole (Mertect 340-F) in controlling mold in turkey confinement housing.

Mertect 340-F (thiabendazole) was evaluated as a mold inhibitor for litter in turkey confinement housing using green oak wood shavings heavily contaminated with mold spores. One day before the addition of shavings, two environmentally controlled rooms were sprayed with Mertect 340-F at a rate of 51.0 ml in 11.37 liters of water (16 fl. oz./6000 sq. ft.). After the litter was added, it was treated with Mertect 340-F at a rate of 33.0 ml in 75.8 liters of water (32 fl. oz./6000 sq. ft.). The litter was treated again at 6 and 12 weeks. Mertect 340-F-treated litter had significantly lower mold spore counts than water-treated litter. Turkeys reared on Mertect 340-F-treated litter displayed no adverse effects. No obvious differences between groups were noted post mortem. Microscopically, however, lungs from turkeys on water-treated litter had a higher incidence of granulomas and mycelia than lungs from birds on Mertect 340-F-treated litter.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic research on Pharmachim's thiabendazole].

Studied was the preparation thiabendazole-Pharmachim (TBZ-Ph), produced by the Economic Corporation "Pharmachim". In some of the experiments TBZ-Ph was comparatively studied with the Merck & Sharp and Dom preparation (TBZ-MShD), Switzerland. It was found that the light absorption maximum of TBZ-Ph was at 302 nm. Thermostability studies revealed that the preparation was comparatively stable in the course of 6 months at room temperature and at 4 degrees and 40 degrees C. When stored in the form of 1 per cent medicated feed at room t degrees, 4 degrees, and 40 degrees C it showed no deviations as against the check samples over a period of 70 days. TBZ-Ph was shown to possess slight photosensitivity; it was not hygroscopic. In oral administration to sheep and pigs at the rate of 100 mg per kg body mass, in the form of a 10 per cent water suspension TBZ-Ph was absorbed through the gastro-intestinal membrane. It was retained in the blood serum of sheep up to the 24th hour. The preparation was shown to gain access to almost all viscera and striated muscles, persisting in them for some twenty days. Following the oral application in a dose of 100 mg/kg it reached the mammary gland of lactating ewes and was detected in the milk in maximum concentrations as early as the 3rd hour (5.8 to 12.3 ppm); in the course of the following hours concentrations dropped, and in individual animals the preparation was traced up to the 96th hour.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Reversal of gamma-radiation-induced leukemogenesis in mice by immunomodulation with thiabendazole and dinitrofluorobenzene.

The effect of thiabendazole (TBZ) and dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) on radiation-induced leukemogenesis was investigated in the C57BL/6 mouse model. Administration of TBZ-DNFB during, post, or during and post irradiation successfully blocked leukemogenesis, as indicated by the absence of leukemia blast cells in thymus and peripheral blood, as well as prevented thymic lymphoma. TBZ-DNFB treatment prevented the development of leukemia when studies were terminated both after 7 months of last irradiation (disease fully developed) and after 5 months of last irradiation (disease in the process of development). This TBZ-DNFB treatment also resulted in a significant increase in survival.

Animals↗