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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical performance of two dentine adhesives: 2-year results.

Scotchbond MP and ART Bond were used without intentional enamel etching to bond a total of 43 resin composite restorations in Class V 'abrasion/ erosion' lesions. The cumulative loss rates after 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively, were Scotchbond MP: 9, 14, 27 per cent; and ART Bond: 0, 5, 5 per cent. These data were not compared because each material was used on different patients. The results support the higher bond strength to dentine in the laboratory of Scotchbond MP compared with its predecessor Scotchbond 2. There was a slight but clinically insignificant amount of enamel marginal staining for both products after 2 years, confirming the necessity to etch the enamel for effective marginal sealing.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

In vitro efficacy of a whitening toothpaste containing calcium carbonate and perlite.

OBJECTIVES: The studies described in this paper aimed to assess the stain removal efficacy, fluoride efficacy and abrasivity to enamel and dentine of a new whitening toothpaste containing calcium carbonate and perlite, using appropriate in vitro models. METHODS: Stain removal efficacy was assessed using the pellicle cleaning ratio (PCR) method. Fluoride efficacy was assessed using remineralisation, demineralisation and fluoride-uptake methods. Abrasivity was assessed using an enamel and dentine wear method. RESULTS: The results showed that the new whitening toothpaste was able to remove extrinsic tooth stain more effectively than three commercially available toothpaste formulations. The fluoride efficacy was superior to a non-fluoridated control and was not significantly different to a clinically tested fluoride-containing toothpaste. The abrasivity data showed that the calcium carbonate/perlite toothpaste is no more abrasive to enamel or dentine than two other commercially available whitening toothpastes. CONCLUSIONS: The studies show that the new whitening toothpaste is effective in extrinsic stain removal, has an efficacious fluoride source and does not have an undue degree of abrasivity to enamel or dentine compared to other relevant commercially available products.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed2006

Microbiological assessment of occlusal brown-spot lesions in primary molars.

Conventional cultural methods were used to compare the plaque flora and the level of infection of the dentine underlying 51 occlusal brown-spot lesions and 21 sound occlusal sites on the primary dentition. Freshly extracted primary molar teeth were used, and occlusal brown-spot lesions and sound occlusal sites were identified using laser fluorescence (LF) and clinical visual methods. A standardized plaque sample was taken from each site, and an LF score was recorded for one discrete site per tooth. The teeth were carefully opened at each predetermined site to determine the clinical status of the underlying dentine, and samples were collected using a sterile bur. The microbiota of the plaque and dentine samples were enumerated and identified. The mean LF scores for the sound sites and brown-spot lesions were 1.2 and 30.5 (p < 0.001), and all the sound sites exhibited hard sound dentine, but 6 out of 51 brown spots exhibited softened dentine. Overall there was no significant (p > 0.1) difference between the level of infection of the dentine of the sound and brown-spot sites, although some sites in the brown-spot lesions yielded high numbers of bacteria. However, the numbers of bacteria as log10(CFU per sample + 1) +/- SE recovered from the plaque above the brown-spot lesions were significantly greater than above the sound sites, i.e. 2.89 +/- 0.24 and 0.89 +/- 0.33, respectively. These data indicate that brown-spot lesions may be more plaque retentive than sound sites and that they are either arrested or arresting lesions, which may require preventive intervention.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Hexahedrally based crystals in human tooth enamel.

Mg-containing calcium phosphate crystals including pseudocuboidal, rhombohedral shapes and groupings of quadrangular blades cubically arranged were found in human tooth enamel by scanning electron microscopy and by electron probe microanalysis. In caries-free old enamel, these hexahedrally based crystals measuring 0.5-2.5 microns in length were observed in some crevices of tufts and lamellae. The crystals were rarely seen in the inner crevices of caries-free exfoliated deciduous enamel and none could be seen in sound young enamel. In brown-coloured old enamel possessing arrested caries with lamellae, some of the lamellae contained crystals measuring 0.1-1.5 mu in length adjacent to half-dissolved prisms. These crystals, identified as Mg-containing whitlockite, will grow during a long period after eruption of the tooth or during the enamel caries process.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Human root caries: histopathology of arrested lesions.

The histopathology of arrested root caries lesions was examined in extracted human teeth. The main structural characteristics of arrested lesions were the completely mineralized surface area and the formation of a distinct sclerosis of the dentinal tubules. Intertubular dentin was, with the exception of the dentinal tubules, fully mineralized up to the surface. Dentinal tubules near the surface were either filled with ghosts of microorganisms or with crystals of different shapes. Sclerosis of the dentinal tubules was characterized by the presence of three different patterns of intratubular mineralization that occur in distinct regions of the zone of tubular sclerosis. The patterns were distinguishable by the type of crystals and their association with organic structures such as collagenous fibrils or odontoblast processes. It is suggested that arrested lesions are based on (1) the formation of an inner barrier that interrupts the diffusion of substrata from the pulp to invaded bacteria, (2) the formation of an outer barrier by a compact, highly mineralized surface region which blocks the diffusion of products of bacterial metabolism into dentin, and (3) an area of mineralization which extends from the outer barrier toward the root canal within demineralized dentin. The present study demonstrates the considerable potential of caries lesions in dentin to become arrested, and subsequently partially remineralized. These phenomena seem to depend on the severity of an active lesion and its location on the root surface. This should be taken into account when diagnosing root caries lesions. The potential of root caries lesions to become arrested indicates that the treatment concept of active root caries lesions should be reconsidered.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An in vivo comparison of radiographic and directly assessed clinical caries status of posterior approximal surfaces in primary and permanent teeth.

At general dental practices in Scotland 211 children between the ages of 5 and 15 years were examined by 1 observer. A comparison of the status of 1,468 permanent and 756 primary posterior approximal surfaces was made on the basis of their appearance on posterior bite-wing radiographs and the findings of a direct in vivo visual examination, made after temporary tooth separation had been achieved over 1 week using elastomeric separation. For permanent tooth surfaces, 0% of radiolucencies in the outer half of enamel, 10.5% in the inner half of enamel, 40.9% extending to the outer half of dentine, and 100% extending to the inner half of the dentine were found clinically to be cavitated. The analogous results for primary teeth were that 2.0, 2.9, 28.3, and 95.5%, respectively, of radiolucencies appeared to be cavitated. Although further research with larger numbers of permanent teeth is indicated, these results may contribute to a re-evaluation of the optimal threshold for restorative intervention at approximal sites. Greater numbers of approximal radiolucencies and carious lesions (p less than 0.001) were found in those surfaces which initially had a normal anatomical contact when compared to those which did not.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Reproducibility of clinical caries diagnoses on coronal and root surfaces.

Intra- and interexaminer reproducibility of clinical caries diagnoses was studied using 3 experienced dentists, who independently examined 20 patients twice at an interval of 2-6 weeks. The lesions were classified as one of the following four diagnoses: (1) initial active caries, (2) initial inactive caries, (3) manifest active caries, and (4) manifest inactive caries. For the various diagnoses, signs of cavitation, surface structure and discolouration were used. The reproducibility at a patient level was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients and at a surface level using kappa statistics. At a patient level, for the total number of lesions, the intraclass coefficients of correlation varied from 0.55 to 0.77. For the individual diagnoses, total manifest caries showed the highest coefficients of correlation, ranging from 0.73 to 0.92. At a tooth surface level, the kappa values varied from 0.29 to 0.61. The most common shift was that from any type of caries diagnosis to a diagnosis of a sound surface. There was little difference between the results for coronal and root caries and between initial and manifest lesions. Nor was there any difference for buccal + lingual surfaces only compared to all surfaces. Judging from the pattern of change in diagnosis between the repeated examinations, the main source of error seemed to be due to the fact that the lesions observed at one examination were overlooked at the other examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Oral and dental complications of sickle cell disease in Nigerians.

A clinical evaluation of the oral and dental complications of sickle cell disease in Nigerians was carried out in 37 consecutive patients with homozygous sickle cell disease Hb-SS (Sicklers) compared to a control group of 24 persons with normal haemoglobin Hb-AA (control group) matched for age and sex. The significant abnormalities found in sicklers included intrinsic opacity of the teeth in 67.5% of sicklers compared to 28.83% in the control group; malocclusion of the teeth with over-jet and over-bite in 35% of sicklers compared to 16.66% in the control group; dental caries is present in 35.13% of sicklers which was less than its occurrence in 54% of the control group due to widespread avoidance of sweets by most local sicklers. Diastemata (gaps between the teeth) was present in approximately equal frequency in sicklers (27%) and control group (25%). In view of the aesthetic and medical implications of these abnormalities, it is recommended that sicklers should receive regular dental check-up with a view to ameliorating or preventing these complications by prophylactic measures including the use of orthodontic appliances such as braces, etc. The above findings are discussed in relation to the other complications of sickler cell disease in other organs of the body.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bleaching discoloured teeth.

The bleaching of teeth has encountered some legislative problems over the past few years but it is now possible to use both vital and non-vital bleaching techniques in the UK. Hydrogen peroxide has a long history of use and would appear to be safe to use to change the appearance of discoloured teeth. It is conservative of tooth tissue and may delay the need for more invasive veneers and crowns. This article describes some of the methods of bleaching using hydrogen peroxide that are currently available.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of aesthetic problems in paediatric dentistry.

Aesthetic problems in childhood and adolescence can have a significant effect on psychosocial development and interaction with peers. Abnormalities of shape, size, colour and structure of the whole or part of the anterior dentition of children can lead to such problems. This article outlines the most appropriate options for the clinical management of different aetiological categories of aesthetic problems, and develops a hierarchy of intervention that should be pursued in a logical order until a satisfactory cosmetic outcome is achieved. These techniques are readily available to most dental practitioners and there is no reason for a child to have to wait until late adolescence for treatment.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Making porcelain veneers with the Procera AllCeram system: case studies.

Different laboratory techniques are available for making porcelain veneers, and each has its own advantages and limitations. This article describes how high-density alumina core constructed with Computer Assisted Design/Computer Assisted Manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology can be successfully used for making porcelain veneers. Different clinical conditions are also presented to illustrate the use of these bi-layer veneers.

Adult↗