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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Anticaries profile qualification of an improved whitening dentifrice.

A series of pH cycling "profile" laboratory studies was conducted to confirm the anticaries potential of an enhanced cleaning and whitening dentifrice based on a novel abrasive polishing silica and pyrophosphate tartar control source, with sodium fluoride as the anticaries ingredient. Under pH cycling remineralization conditions, the whitening dentifrice produced lesion fluoridation comparable to a conventional tartar control dentifrice containing combinations of pyrophosphate anion and a NaF fluoride ion source. Under pH cycling lesion progression conditions, the whitening dentifrice produced enamel protection against caries development, comparable to control dentifrices containing NaF alone or in combination with tartar control pyrophosphate anion. These results are consistent with clinical data supporting the effectiveness of NaF dentifrices combined with anionic tartar control inhibitors such as pyrophosphate. These results support the anticaries effectiveness of the enhanced cleaning and whitening dentifrice based upon "Stain-Specific Soft Silica."

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Laboratory stain removal and abrasion characteristics of a dentifrice based upon a novel silica technology.

These laboratory studies examined the stain removal efficacy and hard tissue abrasivity of a new dentifrice formulation--Crest Extra Whitening--based on the incorporation of elevated concentrations of a proprietary silica. Cleaning power assessments were made using a modification of the laboratory test method developed by Stookey and associates at Indiana University Oral Health Research Institute. Abrasion assessments were made using Radioactive Enamel and Radioactive Dentin Abrasivity (REA and RDA) measures. Results show that Crest Extra Whitening dentifrice produced statistically significantly improved stain removal when compared to a number of conventional dentifrices, including Crest Cavity Protection and Crest Tartar Protection, and a number of recently marketed cleaning and whitening dentifrices. Laboratory studies further demonstrated that the Crest Extra Whitening dentifrice produces dentin and enamel abrasivity similar to conventional silica dentifrices.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed2001

In vitro studies of the anticalculus efficacy of an improved whitening dentifrice.

Crystal growth inhibition and plaque biofilm calcification laboratory studies were conducted to confirm the anticalculus potential of an enhanced cleaning and whitening dentifrice, based upon a novel enamel-safe, abrasive-polishing silica and pyrophosphate tartar control source with sodium fluoride as the anticaries ingredient. Calcium hydroxyapatite crystal growth following direct supernate treatments was significantly inhibited by the advanced whitening dentifrice. Similarly, plaque biofilm calcification was significantly inhibited by supernate treatments of the advanced whitening dentifrice. In both protocols, the advanced whitening dentifrice produced activity similar to formulations clinically proven for antitartar activity. These results provide support for the antitartar clinical activity of this new dentifrice.

Biofilms↗
PubMed2001

Removal of extrinsic stain using a tartar control whitening dentifrice: a randomized clinical trial.

A nine-week, double blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel tartar control whitening dentifrice with a silica-based abrasive system on induced dental stain. The study model involved three weeks of stain induction followed by six weeks of unsupervised brushing to assess efficacy. To induce stain, 222 healthy adult volunteers received a dental prophylaxis, and then began a limited brushing regimen supplemented by three-times daily rinsing with tea and once daily rinsing with 15 ml of 0.12% chlorhexidine. This regimen was suspended, and 187 subjects with tooth stain were entered into a six-week clinical trial where they were randomized to either a silica-based tartar control whitening dentifrice or a marketed regular dentifrice control, balancing for stain levels and smoking status. At baseline, three and six weeks, stain area and stain intensity were measured on the 8 anterior teeth using the Lobene Index. After six weeks' use, composite Lobene means were 35% lower for the whitening dentifrice compared to the regular control. In addition to the overall reductions, there were statistically significant reductions in stain area (p < 0.015) and stain intensity (p < 0.01) at both three and six weeks. The tartar control whitening dentifrice was effective in removing stain on the gingival margins and elsewhere on the body of the tooth. Safety profiles for the two test dentifrices were generally similar. After three and six weeks' use, the tartar control whitening dentifrice reduced chlorhexidine and tea stain compared to the marketed control.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of a tartar control whitening dentifrice on tooth shade in a population with long-standing natural stain.

Changing and whitening tooth color in people with long-standing tooth stain without excessive hard tissue abrasion may represent one of the more difficult challenges for whitening dentifrices. An eight-week clinical trial was conducted to evaluate change in tooth color by a silica-based, enamel-safe tartar control whitening dentifrice compared to a marketed baking soda dentifrice control. First, a screening exercise was conducted to identify individuals with long-standing extrinsic dental stain. This exercise targeted adults who reported "stained teeth" and coffee/tea drinking or smoking, but who had no recent history of dental prophylaxis. Targeted subjects were examined for stain (Lobene Index) and tooth shade/color (Vita). A total of 291 adults having extrinsic stain and discolored teeth were enrolled in the study. Subjects were randomized to one of the two treatment groups, and all dentifrice use was unsupervised. Tooth color was measured at 4 and 8 weeks from shade values collected from the 8 incisors, and averages were determined from a linear ordering of the shade guide. A total of 278 evaluable subjects completed the 8-week study. Overall, the tartar control whitening dentifrice group experienced an improvement in color, differing statistically from baseline (p < 0.001) and from the marketed control (p < 0.05). Safety profiles for the two dentifrices were generally similar. Among patients with long-standing extrinsic stain, use of the tartar control whitening dentifrice resulted in superior overall tooth shade and reduced maximum or worst color compared to the marketed baking soda dentifrice control.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Maintenance of tooth color after prophylaxis: comparison of three dentifrices.

Pellicle rapidly accumulates on tooth surfaces after prophylaxis and may acquire cosmetically unacceptable levels of stain. A three-month clinical trial was conducted to evaluate stain prevention by a new silica-based tartar control whitening dentifrice (Crest Extra Whitening) compared to marketed tartar control baking soda peroxide whitening and regular dentifrice controls. Prior to the trial, a one-month screening exercise was conducted to identify adult subjects who accumulated extrinsic tooth stain after dental prophylaxis. A total of 672 subjects were stratified based on tooth whiteness, gender and tobacco usage, then given a dental prophylaxis and randomized into one of three dentifrice treatment groups. All product use was unsupervised. Change in tooth whiteness (delta L*) was determined by comparing colorimeter measurements collected on the facial surfaces of the four central incisors at months 1 and 3 to baseline. Ninety-six percent of subjects completed the three-month study. At both one and three months, the two whitening dentifrices did not differ from baseline in terms of delta L*. In contrast, the regular control had delta L* values of -0.26 and -0.39 at one and three months, respectively, differing significantly from baseline at both time points. Each of the whitening dentifrices differed statistically from the regular control in stain accumulation (p < or = 0.001) at one and three months, but were not different from each other. In general, all three test dentifrices were well tolerated. These data demonstrate the effectiveness of the new tartar control whitening dentifrice in preventing stain accumulation after dental prophylaxis compared to the marketed regular dentifrice control.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Comparative seven-day clinical evaluation of two tooth whitening products.

A 1-week study was conducted to compare the tooth whitening efficacy of two carbamide peroxide-based products (one containing 5% carbamide peroxide and one containing 10% carbamide peroxide). In addition, the perception of transient tooth hypersensitivity associated with the use of these products was subjectively evaluated. Sixty participants took part in a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical study. Change in tooth color was measured by chroma meter and Vita shade guide at the initiation of the study and after 7 days of product use. Color change (delta E) was calculated using the color-difference equation established by the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage. Data concerning dental hypersensitivity was assessed by subjective panelist questionnaires administered after the day 7 recall examination. Results of the whitening data showed that there was no significant difference between the two products. After 1 week, the mean delta E for the product containing 5% carbamide peroxide was 4.43 +/- 1.89 and the mean delta E for the product containing 10% carbamide peroxide was 4.05 +/- 1.84. However, the subjective data collected on tooth hypersensitivity showed that the product containing 5% carbamide peroxide was associated with less discomfort. Of the group using the 5% carbamide peroxide product, 20% reported transient sensitivity of their teeth after product use for 1 week compared with 53% of the group using the product with 10% carbamide peroxide. Statistical analysis using a 2-tailed t test showed significant differences between the two groups (P < .05). The data suggest that these products are clinically equivalent for tooth whitening; however, the product containing 5% carbamide peroxide was associated with less tooth hypersensitivity after 1 week of application.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Extrinsic stain removal with a sodium hexametaphosphate-containing dentifrice: comparisons to marketed controls.

Repeated exposure to chlorhexidine and tea has long been recognized to promote extrinsic tooth stain. Previously, the merits of a modified, rapid clinical trial model using chlorhexidine and tea in combination with restricted brushing to accelerate staining have been established. A nine-week randomized and controlled, examiner blind, parallel group clinical trial was conducted to compare selected chemical and mechanical approaches for stain removal using this model. After prophylaxis, stain was induced during a 3-week pre-treatment period, and then the healthy adult volunteers were randomized to one of three treatment groups: an experimental whitening dentifrice containing a combination of sodium hexametaphosphate and soluble pyrophosphate; a marketed alumina-based high abrasive dentifrice; or a lower abrasive control dentifrice. At baseline, three and six weeks, dental stain was measured on the facial and lingual surfaces of the eight anterior teeth using the Lobene index. A total of 94 subjects completed the study. Both the chemical and abrasive dentifrices showed statistically significant reductions in stain area (p < 0.05) relative to the control after three weeks. After six weeks, adjusted mean stain area scores were 0.35, 0.41 and 0.49 for the sodium hexametaphosphate, alumina and regular dentifrice groups, respectively. While the alumina dentifrice showed only a directional benefit, the sodium hexametaphosphate differed statistically (p = 0.023) from the control. Subjects in both the chemical and abrasive dentifrice groups showed statistically significant reductions relative to baseline for Lobene composite stain, stain area and stain intensity (p < 0.05) at six weeks. There were no statistically significant differences in stain levels between the sodium hexametaphosphate and alumina dentifrice groups at any time. This study demonstrates that following six weeks of treatment, sodium hexametaphosphate-containing dentifrices are effective in removing extrinsic tooth stain, with performance at least comparable to that seen with more abrasive dentifrices.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Extrinsic stain prevention with a combination dentifrice containing calcium phosphate surface active builders compared to two marketed controls.

A six-week, randomized and controlled, examiner blind, parallel group clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the stain prevention efficacy of an experimental whitening dentifrice containing a combination of sodium hexametaphosphate and soluble pyrophosphate relative to a marketed high-abrasive dentifrice and a marketed control dentifrice. Following the collection of baseline stain scores and subsequent prophylaxis, healthy volunteers were randomized to one of three treatment regimens, balancing for stain levels and smoking status. Throughout the six-week treatment period, subjects brushed twice daily with the assigned dentifrice while following a rinse regimen of three times daily tea and once daily chlorhexidine. At baseline, three and six weeks, dental stain was measured on the facial and lingual surfaces of the eight anterior teeth using the Lobene Index. A total of 96 subjects completed the study. At three and six weeks, adjusted stain scores were highest in the control group and generally lowest in the sodium hexametaphosphate group for all Lobene parameters (intensity, area and composite). At three weeks, stain area and composite stain scores for the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) lower relative to the control, representing reductions of 30% and 33%, respectively. Similar numerical trends were observed after six weeks, with the sodium hexametaphosphate group showing reductions of 21% (p = 0.068) in stain area and 26% (p = 0.055) in composite stain relative to the control. The high-abrasive dentifrice was directionally, though not statistically superior to the control at three and six weeks. All three test products were well-tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Laboratory studies on the chemical whitening effects of a sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice.

Laboratory studies were developed to permit the evaluation of chemical actions of toothpaste components in the non-abrasive prevention and removal of tea stains. Powdered hydroxyapatites were used as substrates for adsorption of tea chromogens. Pre-treatment with a sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice (Crest Dual Action Whitening) reduced tea adsorption to powdered apatite, while post-treatments of pre-stained powder resulted in desorption of tea components. These results exemplified the chemical actions of condensed calcium phosphate surface active builders toward dental stain removal and prevention. A cycling synamel chip model permitted the study of stain prevention, including salivary pellicle formation and chlorhexidine enhancement of dental staining by tea chromogens. Staining was evaluated by image analysis of color development. Under these conditions, condensed phosphate dentifrices were observed to produce superior prevention of stain accumulations, with Crest Dual Action Whitening dentifrice providing stain prevention superior to a variety of commercial dentifrices, including Colgate Total, Aquafresh Whitening, Colgate Tartar Control Whitening, Mentadent Baking Soda and Peroxide Whitening, Close-Up Whitening, Crest Tartar Control and Crest Regular Cavity Protection.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2002

Anticalculus efficacy and safety of a novel whitening dentifrice containing sodium hexametaphosphate: a controlled six-month clinical trial.

This study was undertaken to establish the tartar control efficacy and long-term safety of a new dentifrice containing sodium hexametaphosphate. In a randomized, examiner blind, parallel group clinical trial, the experimental dentifrice with 7% sodium hexametaphosphate (5% hexametaphosphate anion), a non-abrasive cleaning agent that provides whitening and tartar control benefits, was compared to two currently marketed controls, a regular sodium fluoride dentifrice and a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice. The 8-month trial model included a 2-month pretest period to establish calculus formation after prophylaxis, and a 6-month test period to evaluate anti-calculus efficacy and safety. Following the pretest period, 551 subjects were allocated to one of the three treatment groups and then monitored for calculus accumulation and soft tissue tolerance. After 6 months, the sodium hexametaphosphate group exhibited superior calculus inhibition compared to the regular sodium fluoride dentifrice and triclosan/copolymer dentifrice (p < 0.01). Over the 6-month observation period, the sodium hexametaphosphate and the marketed control dentifrices were comparable in terms of adverse event type and severity, and no subject discontinued treatment due to an oral soft tissue adverse event.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Removal of extrinsic stain using a 7.0% sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice: a randomized clinical trial.

A nine-week, randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare the stain removal efficacy of a 0.243% sodium fluoride dentifrice containing 7% sodium hexametaphosphate (5% hexametaphosphate anion) to that of a 0.243% sodium fluoride control dentifrice. Following prophylaxis and a three-week pre-treatment period to induce extrinsic stain, healthy adult volunteers with tooth stain were randomized to the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice or the control. Stain area and intensity were assessed at baseline, three and six weeks. At both three and six weeks, the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice was statistically significantly superior to the control for all overall stain measures (p < 0.04). After six weeks of product usage, the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice demonstrated reductions of 29% in composite stain, 24% in stain intensity, and 25% in stain area relative to the control. Significant reductions in composite stain were seen on both gingival and body regions for the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice versus the control at three and six weeks. Both products demonstrated favorable safety profiles, as determined by oral soft tissue evaluations and recording of subject-reported adverse events.

Adolescent↗