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Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Model for a computer-assisted quality assurance system in burn intensive care].

The prerequisites for an integrated quality management system for hospitals were developed as a result of considerations regarding the necessity of an appropriate quality-assurance system for the intensive care sector. The basis for a dynamic quality-assurance system on the documentational level is a comprehensive data base containing patient files unlimited in terms of time and data technology. The necessary hardware and software structure will be provided by consistent application of a client-server architecture. Permanent surveillance of existing quality objectives within the scope of an economic close-loop system requires a system with flexible query mechanisms. Informational data access from all hierarchical level within the hospital organization is facilitated by the data warehouse concept, a data base system with subject-oriented, integrated, time-variable, and persistent data.

Burn Units↗
PubMed2006

The microarray data analysis process: from raw data to biological significance.

Despite advances in microarray technology that have led to increased reproducibility and substantial reductions in the cost of microarrays, the successful use of this technology is still elusive for many researchers, and microarray data analysis in particular presents a substantial bottleneck for many biomedical researchers. There are many reasons for this, including the expense of and a lack of adequate training in the use of analysis software. An additional reason is that microarray data analysis has largely been treated in the past as a set of separate steps, with the majority of emphasis being placed on statistical analysis and visualization of the data. For many biomedical researchers determining the biological significance of the data has been the greatest challenge and in the last several years more emphasis has been placed on this aspect of the analysis process. Despite this broadening of the scope of analysis there are still several aspects of the process that continue to be neglected, including additional related and interdependent aspects, such as experimental design, data accessibility, and platform selection. Though not traditionally thought of as integral to the data analysis process, these factors have profound effects on the analysis process. This article will discuss the importance of these additional aspects, as well as statistical analysis and determination of biological significance of microarray data. A summary of currently available software options will also be presented with a focus on the aspects discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2024

Private detection of relatives in forensic genomics using homomorphic encryption.

BACKGROUND: Forensic analysis heavily relies on DNA analysis techniques, notably autosomal Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), to expedite the identification of unknown suspects through genomic database searches. However, the uniqueness of an individual's genome sequence designates it as Personal Identifiable Information (PII), subjecting it to stringent privacy regulations that can impede data access and analysis, as well as restrict the parties allowed to handle the data. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) emerges as a promising solution, enabling the execution of complex functions on encrypted data without the need for decryption. HE not only permits the processing of PII as soon as it is collected and encrypted, such as at a crime scene, but also expands the potential for data processing by multiple entities and artificial intelligence services. METHODS: This study introduces HE-based privacy-preserving methods for SNP DNA analysis, offering a means to compute kinship scores for a set of genome queries while meticulously preserving data privacy. We present three distinct approaches, including one unsupervised and two supervised methods, all of which demonstrated exceptional performance in the iDASH 2023 Track 1 competition. RESULTS: Our HE-based methods can rapidly predict 400 kinship scores from an encrypted database containing 2000 entries within seconds, capitalizing on advanced technologies like Intel AVX vector extensions, Intel HEXL, and Microsoft SEAL HE libraries. Crucially, all three methods achieve remarkable accuracy levels (ranging from 96% to 100%), as evaluated by the auROC score metric, while maintaining robust 128-bit security. These findings underscore the transformative potential of HE in both safeguarding genomic data privacy and streamlining precise DNA analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that HE-based solutions can be computationally practical to protect genomic privacy during screening of candidate matches for further genealogy analysis in Forensic Genetic Genealogy (FGG).

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microcomputer method to extract subfiles from statewide multiple cause of death files.

A simple microcomputer system has been developed using off-the-shelf components. The system permits local access, in an acceptable time frame, to several years of New Jersey multiple cause of death data (approximately 70,000 records per calendar year). This report describes the system, including hardware, software, data storage space requirements, speed of data access, and the effect of abbreviating the list of diagnoses. Prospects for extension of such a system to larger data bases are discussed.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed2005

HIPAA compliant auditing system for medical images.

As an official regulation for healthcare privacy and security, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates health institutions to protect health information against unauthorized use or disclosure. One such method proposed by HIPAA Security Standards is audit trail, which records and examines health information access activities. HIPAA mandates healthcare providers to have the ability to generate audit trails on data access activities for any specific patient. Although current medical imaging systems generate activity logs, there is a lack of formal methodology to interpret these large volumes of log data and generate HIPAA compliant auditing trails. This paper outlines the design of a HIPAA compliant auditing system (HCAS) for medical images in imaging systems such as PACS and discusses the development of a security monitoring (SM) toolkit based on some of the partial components in HCAS.

Computer Security↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Information processing for the analysis of metabolic pathways and inborn errors.

Methods of biotechnology allow the analysis of molecular structures and molecular processes. Different molecular database systems are available which allow worldwide data access. Methods and concepts of bioinformatics are important for the analysis of these molecular data, which represent complex regulatory networks. The detection of metabolic diseases is one application of information systems, which represents molecular and medical data and allows the stimulation of metabolic processes. In this paper we present the architecture of our molecular information system.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2000

SAGEmap: a public gene expression resource.

We have constructed a public gene expression data repository and online data access and analysis, WWW and FTP sites for serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) data. The WWW and FTP components of this resource, SAGEmap, are located at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/sage and ftp://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/sage, respectively. We herein describe SAGE data submission procedures, the construction and characteristics of SAGE tags to gene assignments, the derivation and use of a novel statistical test designed specifically for differential-type analyses of SAGE data, and the organization and use of this resource.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1995

U.S. screening mammography services with mobile units: results from the National Survey of Mammography Facilities.

PURPOSE: To investigate elements of mobile facilities for mammography in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prevalence and performance of mobile facilities for mammography in the United States were studied with regard to cost, price, quality assurance, and access. Data were acquired from the National Cancer Institute's National Survey of Mammography Facilities, conducted in 1992. RESULTS: Of the 1,057 facilities surveyed, 2.4% were identified as mobile and accounted for 3% of mammography examinations performed. All mobile facilities reported accreditation by the American College of Radiology, and 92% were in Statistically Metropolitan Areas. Most were affiliated with community hospitals or private radiology practice and were more likely to be associated with lower fees, convenient operating hours, batch interpretation, and computerized reporting than were their stationary counterparts. CONCLUSION: Mobile mammography facilities compare favorably with stationary facilities. The use of these mobile units in the United States, however, has been limited.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1998

A integrative molecular information system.

Methods of biotechnology allow the isolation, sequencing, and synthesis of molecular structures. Molecular database systems are available, which allow the worldwide data access. Methods and concepts of bioinformatics are important for the analysis of these molecular data, which represent complex regulatory networks. In this paper we present the architecture of our molecular information system.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1998

PCASSO: a secure architecture for access to clinical data via the Internet.

Patient Centered Access to Secure Systems Online (PCASSO) is a National Information Infrastructure research project funded by the US National Library of Medicine (NLM). PCASSO is specifically designed to address the problem of enabling secure access to health information over the Internet, not just for healthcare providers and medical researchers, but also for patients to view their own medical records. The project is using familiar Web technologies to support the search and retrieval of information, including patient demographics, medications, lab tests, and transcription reports. State-of-the-art security technologies protect patient privacy and the integrity of patient information. This paper describes the security architecture of the PCASSO system.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2003

[The national GTH haemophilia registry as database within the scope of the German human genome project].

The Committee of Haemophilia of the GTH has established a central registry for all German centers treating patients with haemophilia. The intention was to establish a suitable system for collecting and analyzing epidemiological data relevant to bleeding disorders. The registry provides the database within the scope of the German Human-Genome-Project. The set goal is the complete molecular characterization of the genetic mutations on chromosome X of haemophilia A patients in Germany and subsequent correlation with the phenotype. An electronic network is applied for communication. A Java-application was developed for online electronic data acquirement by the participating centers. Offline data entry and sending encrypted data carriers is possible, too. A high level of security is assured by personalized access. Data are anonymized and scrambled by secure encoding. The concept was confirmed by the official data security offices. A considerable improvement for the epidemiological sciences and a better basis on therapy for patients with bleeding disorders is expected. Furthermore the registry is available for other scientific projects.

Chromosomes, Human, X↗
PubMed1994

Unrelated placental blood for bone marrow reconstitution: organization of the placental blood program.

The usefulness of placental/umbilical cord blood as a source of stem cells for marrow reconstitution of HLA-matched siblings has now been extended to the unrelated-donor setting. The need for HLA-matched donor tissue makes it essential to have available a frozen inventory of ready-to-use placental blood units. The New York Blood Center's Placental Blood Project, designed to evaluate the practical feasibility of unrelated placental blood transplantation, consists of four basic modules: collection of placental blood, maternal samples and donor data, accession and testing for genetic and infectious disease markers, freezing placental blood units, and data organization and retrieval. Additional modules include a computerized HLA matching algorithm and organization of data about patients requiring transplantation, which may be best taken up by organ-sharing organizations in the future. In this report, we describe the organization and discuss the methods and overall experience after collecting the first 1,000 units and supplying the tissue for the first two unrelated-donor placental blood transplants.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

RTPrimerDB: the real-time PCR primer and probe database, major update 2006.

The RTPrimerDB (http://medgen.ugent.be/rtprimerdb) project provides a freely accessible data retrieval system and an in silico assay evaluation pipeline for real-time quantitative PCR assays. Over the last year the number of user submitted assays has grown to 3500. Data conveyance from Entrez Gene by establishing an assay-to-gene relationship enables the addition of new primer assays for one of the 1.5 million different genes from 2300 species stored in the system. Easy access to the primer and probe data is possible by using multiple search criteria. Assay reports contain gene information, assay details (such as oligonucleotide sequences, detection chemistry and reaction conditions), publication information, users' experimental evaluation feedback and submitter's contact details. Gene expression assays are extended with a scalable assay viewer that provides detailed information on the alignment of primer and probe sequences on the known transcript variants of a gene, along with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) positions and peptide domain information. Furthermore, an mfold module is implemented to predict the secondary structure of the amplicon sequence, as this has been reported to impact the efficiency of the PCR. RTPrimerDB is also extended with an in silico analysis pipeline to streamline the evaluation of custom designed primer and probe sequences prior to ordering and experimental evaluation. In a secured environment, the pipeline performs automated BLAST specificity searches, mfold secondary structure prediction, SNP or plain sequence error identification, and graphical visualization of the aligned primer and probe sequences on the target gene.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed2001

Human resource assignment and role representation mechanism with the "cascading staff-group authoring" and "relation/situation" model.

We have previously reported the access control mechanism and audit strategy of the "patient-doctor relation and clinical situation at the point-of-care" model with multi-axial access control matrix (ACM). This mechanism overcomes the deficit of ACM in the aspect of data accessibility but does not resolve the representation of the staff's affiliate and/or plural membership in the complex real world. Care groups inside a department or inter-department clinical team plays significant clinical role but also spend great amount of time and money in the hospital. Therefore the impact of human resource assignment and cost of such stakeholders to the hospital management is huge, so that they should be accurately treated in the hospital information system. However multi-axial ACM has problems with the representation of staff groups due to static parameters such as department/license because staffs belong to a group rather temporarily and/or a medical staff may belong to plural groups. As a solution, we have designed and implemented "cascading staff-group authoring" method with "relation and situation" model and multi-axial ACM. In this mechanism, (i) a system administrator certifies "group chief certifying person" according to the request and authorization by the department director, (ii) the "group chief certifying person" certifies "group chief(s)", (iii) the "group chief" recruits its members from the medical staffs, and at the same time the "group chief" decides the profit distribution policy of this group. This will enable medical staff to access EMR according to the role he/she plays whether it is as a department staff or as a group member. This solution has worked successfully over the past few years. It provides end-users with a flexible and time-to-time staff-group authoring environment using a simple human-interfaced tool without security breach and without system administration cost. In addition, profit and cost distribution is clarified among departments and inter-departments groups.

Computer Security↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enterprise digital assistants: the progression of wireless clinical computing.

By virtue of increasingly pervasive wireless connectivity, the proliferation of wireless handheld devices in clinical care is rapidly transforming the concept of the personal digital assistant (PDA) to the enterprise digital assistant (EDA). Wireless handheld devices are becoming extensions of the central hospital information system, in which it's understood that the health care enterprise, not the clinician carrying the information-dispensing device, owns the data. The practical implication for clinicians is that, despite the potential long-term benefits of seamless, just-in-time clinical data access, this paradigm shift portends decreased efficiency in the short term, as clinicians duplicate clinical data collection on private devices. Assuming eventual clinician acceptance, EDAs can form the basis of a national real-time clinical data acquisition system that ensures uniform prescribing, decision support, and diagnosis, and the means for tracking unusual disease presentation patterns that could be indicative of bioterrorism or natural disease outbreaks.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

Prospective MR signal-based cardiac triggering.

A cardiac motion compensation method using magnetic resonance signal-based triggering is presented. The method interlaces a triggering pulse sequence with an imaging sequence. The triggering sequence is designed to measure aortic blood velocity, from which cardiac phase can be inferred. The triggering sequence is executed repeatedly and the acquired data processed after each sequence iteration. When the desired phase of the cardiac cycle is detected, data are acquired using the imaging sequence. A signal-processing unit of a conventional scanner is used to process the triggering data in real time and issue triggering commands. Alternatively, a workstation, with a bus adaptor, can access data as they are acquired, process and display the data, and issue triggering commands. With a graphical user interface, the triggering pulse sequence and data-processing techniques can be modified instantaneously to optimize triggering. The technique is demonstrated with coronary artery imaging using both conventional two-dimensional Fourier transform scans and spiral trajectories.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed2026

Artificial Intelligence for Colorectal Surgeons-Part II: Research Applications, Challenges in Adoption, and Practical Resources.

BACKGROUND: This is part II of a 2-part series examining artificial intelligence in colorectal surgery. Part I established foundational concepts and clinical applications. Implementation, however, requires understanding research methodologies, available resources, and the specific challenges currently limiting widespread adoption. These topics are the focus of part II. OBJECTIVE: To examine artificial intelligence's transformation of surgical research, provide practical implementation resources, address adoption challenges, and explore future directions in colorectal surgery. METHODS: Comprehensive literature review focusing on artificial intelligence research methodology, implementation barriers, educational resources, and emerging technologies relevant to colorectal surgeons. RESULTS: Artificial intelligence streamlines clinical trial design through predictive modeling and natural language processing, reducing enrollment challenges that contribute to failed or inadequate trial accrual. Machine learning enables heterogeneity analysis within clinical trials, identifying treatment-responsive subgroups. Foundation models unlock analysis of unstructured electronic health record data at scale. Professional societies and universities offer specialized artificial intelligence education programs, with open-access data sets facilitating research participation. However, implementation faces multifaceted challenges: technical infrastructure demands, with real-time processing requiring dedicated graphics processing unit clusters; regulatory frameworks struggling with continuously evolving algorithms; undefined liability distribution for artificial intelligence-assisted decisions; algorithmic bias risking health care disparities; and the "black box" problem limiting clinical trust. Economic barriers include substantial initial costs without clear reimbursement pathways. Future directions include multimodal artificial intelligence integrating imaging, genomics, and histopathology; cognitive robotic systems with real-time decision support; digital twin technology for patient-specific surgical simulation; and global surgical artificial intelligence networks enabling distributed learning across institutions. CONCLUSIONS: Although artificial intelligence offers transformative potential for colorectal surgery research and practice, successful implementation requires addressing technical, regulatory, ethical, and economic challenges. The surgeon's evolving role demands both traditional expertise and computational fluency. Future advances in multimodal integration, autonomous systems, and global collaboration will fundamentally reshape surgical practice but will require thoughtful implementation prioritizing patient benefit and clinical value.

Humans↗