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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Increased urinary concentration of collagen type II C-telopeptide fragments in patients with osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by a progressive degeneration of articular cartilage and loss of joint function. We hypothesized that degradation of articular cartilage results in increased fragmentation of collagen type II. Thus, the concentrations of degradation products of this major cartilage matrix protein may increase in body fluids of patients with OA. METHODS: Monoclonal antibodies specific for a human collagen type II C-telopeptide (CTx-II) fragment were used in an ELISA for quantification of collagen type II fragments in urine. Clinical assessment of 88 patients with advanced OA of either hip or knee and 48 age-matched controls was performed with the Harris hip score, the Merle d'Aubigné score and a knee score. Joint space narrowing and the Kellgren and Lawrence score were assessed as radiological signs of OA. RESULTS: The concentration of CTx-II was significantly higher in OA patients compared with controls (527 vs. 190 ng/mmol, p < 0.001) whether the patients were diagnosed with hip OA (n = 51) or knee OA (n = 37). Mean CTx-II levels were higher in hip OA than in knee OA and a slight increase in levels with age was observed in the controls, but not in OA subjects. CONCLUSION: Elevation of CTx-II in urine of patients with severe OA compared with a control group suggests that collagen type II derived fragments may serve as markers for OA.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Power Doppler ultrasound of rheumatoid synovitis: quantification of therapeutic response.

The aim of this study is to quantify power Doppler assessment of therapeutic response in rheumatoid synovitis. 13 patients (6 male, 7 female) with rheumatoid arthritis, who had an acute exacerbation of small joint synovitis in the hands, were examined with quantitative power Doppler, before and after intravenous corticosteroid treatment. All patients were examined by a single radiologist, using an ATL HDI 5000 ultrasound machine (ATL, Boswell). The images were analysed using a specially developed software package (HDI Lab), which quantifies power Doppler signal. All patients improved clinically following treatment, which was reflected in functional disability scores, and in the C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In all cases, there was a significant decrease in synovial vascularity as measured by the mean amplitude of signal on quantitative power Doppler. Quantitative power Doppler may allow objective assessment of treatment in small joint synovitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Development and evaluation of a noninvasive marker cluster technique to assess three-dimensional kinematics of the distal portion of the forelimb in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a marker cluster set for measuring sagittal and extrasagittal movement of joints in the distal portion of the forelimb in ponies. ANIMALS: 4 ponies. PROCEDURES: 5 infrared cameras were positioned on a concrete walkway in a frontal-sagittal arc and calibrated. Four segments were defined: hoof, middle phalanx, proximal phalanx, and metacarpus. Rigid clusters with 4 retroreflective markers were placed on each segment. A static trial was recorded with additional anatomic markers on the medial and lateral joint lines. Those anatomic markers were removed, and kinematic data were recorded at 240 Hz during walking. An ensemble mean was computed from the 4 ponies from 5 replicates of the walks. Joint kinematic variables were calculated by use of the calibrated anatomical system technique. The design and error dispersion of each marker were evaluated. RESULTS: Marker clusters were quasiplanar, but variation in orientation error was reduced because the mean radii were > 10 times the largest error dispersion values. Measurements of sagittal rotations of the distal interphalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and metacarpophalangeal joints were similar to measurements obtained with bone-fixed triads, but larger discrepancies between the 2 methods were found for extrasagittal rotations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Development of noninvasive methods for quantifying data pertaining to 3-dimensional motion in horses is important for advancement of clinical analysis. The technique used in the study enabled identification of flexion-extension motions with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Appropriate correction algorithms and improvements to the technique may enable future quantification of extrasagittal motions.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Characterization and quantification of eight water-soluble constituents in tubers of Pinellia ternata and in tea granules from the Chinese multiherb remedy Xiaochaihu-tang.

In traditional Chinese medicine, multiple herbs are usually used in combination to generate the joint actions of a multiherb remedy. The recent development of LC-hyphenated techniques enables efficient and rapid profiling of the chemical constituent in extracts from multiherb remedies. Xiaochaihu-tang is a seven-herb remedy that has attracted a great deal of attention for reported ability to treat liver dysfunction. Dried tubers of Pinellia ternata (banxia in Chinese) is one of the ingredients, but its chemical contribution to Xiaochaihu-tang remains poorly understood. In the study presented here, LC-UV-MS, LC-MS-MS, and LC-NMR were used in a complementary manner to determine the nature and content of eight water-soluble constituents of banxia and their presence in various tea granules from Xiaochaihu-tang. Among the eight chemicals identified in banxia, cytidine, adenosine, tryptophan, uridine, and adenine are reported for the first time, while tyrosine, guanosine, and phenylalanine were previously described. These chemicals are also present in all of the samples of Xiaochaihu-tang granules, and the amounts of the chemicals ingested due to a daily dose of the multiherb remedies range from 0.008 to 6.3mg.

Adenine↗
PubMed2006

Quantification of ankle articular cartilage topography and thickness using a high resolution stereophotography system.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the topography and to measure thicknesses, surface areas and volumes in the cartilage layers of the ankle. METHODS: Twelve cadaveric ankle joints were disarticulated and the cartilage surfaces of each bone were imaged with a highly accurate (+/-2 microm) stereophotography system (ATOS). The cartilage was then dissolved and the subchondral bone imaged. The geometric data were then used to measure the quantitative parameters in each cartilage layer. RESULTS: The mean cartilage volume across the 12 specimens ranged from 0.32+/-0.08 ml for the fibula to 2.44+/-0.48 ml for the talus. The mean thickness of both the talar (1.1+/-0.18 mm) and tibial (1.16+/-0.14 mm) cartilage was significantly thicker than the fibula (0.85+/-0.13 mm). The talus had the greatest mean maximum cartilage thickness (2.38+/-0.4 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The reported stereophotographic technique may be used as an independent gold standard for validation of the accuracy of quantitative cartilage measurements made using magnetic resonance imaging. The thickness distribution maps show that the thickest articular cartilage occurs over the talar shoulders where osteochondral lesions commonly occur and not in the centre of the talar dome as commonly believed.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

An association between imaging and acute posttraumatic ear bleeding with trismus.

OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography findings for each of 94 patients with unilateral ear bleeding and trismus correlated with either comminuted temporal bone fracture (26 cases) or bilateral temporomandibular joint fracture (68 cases). STUDY DESIGN: Ninety-four patients with post-traumatic unilateral ear bleeding and 10 asymptomatic adults underwent coronal computed tomography examinations of their temporomandibular joints. Of these, 26 patients with intact temporomandibular joints underwent axial computed tomography of the temporal bones. For 23 of the 94 symptomatic patients, computed tomography was the final imaging procedure; for the other 71 symptomatic patients, it was the first imaging procedure. Quantifications of the radiation dose and the per-patient cost of imaging were performed. Measurement of the maximal mandibular movements in vertical and horizontal directions was performed clinically in the 10 asymptomatic adult control subjects and in the 94 patients with trismus and ear bleeding. RESULTS: Ten control subjects had maximal opening values of 40 mm or more, and horizontal movement exceeded 24 mm. In 68 symptomatic patients, coronal computed tomography demonstrated bilateral fracture: there was bilateral high condylar fracture in 35 patients, and there was ipsilateral to the bleeding high condylar fracture with contralateral subcondylar fracture dislocation in 33 patients. Axial computed tomography scans in 26 symptomatic patients with intact temporomandibular joints demonstrated comminuted petrous bone fracture ipsilateral to the ear bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with post-traumatic ear bleeding associated with trismus should first be evaluated by computed tomography. Any other initial procedure doubles the radiation dose as well as the cost of the imaging.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Estimate of Recent Thymic Output Function - Quantification of T Cell Receptor Rearrangement Excision Circles (TRECs)].

For a long time, thymic function could not be monitored, as a consequence of the absence of adequate technology to detect recent thymic emigrants from naive T cells. T cell differentiation in the thymus is characterized by T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement. During the rearrangement of TCRalpha gene segments, the deltaRec and psiJalpha rearrange to each other to delete the TCRdelta gene and form an extrachromosomal DNA circles, referred to as signal joint T cell receptor excision DNA circles (sjTRECs) or TRECs. TRECs are assumed to have a high stability, they can not multiply and consequently are diluted during T cell proliferation. It was recently suggested that quantitative detection of TRECs would allow for direct measurement of thymic output. In this review TRECs quantification is a powerful method to evaluate the thymic output function in both health and disease, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, hematopoietic malignancies, HIV infection and autoimmune disease, and so on is described.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

An experimental animal model of aseptic loosening of hip prostheses in sheep to study early biochemical changes at the interface membrane.

BACKGROUND: Aseptic loosening of hip prosthesis as it occurs in clinical cases in human patients was attributed to wear particles of the implants, the response of the tissue dominated by macrophages and the production of inflammatory mediators and matrix degrading enzymes; however, the cascade of events initiating the process and their interaction regarding the time course is still open and discussed controversially. Therefore, the goal of this study was to establish an experimental animal model in sheep allowing to follow the cascade of early mechanical and biochemical events within the interface membrane and study the sequence of how they contribute to the pathological bone resorption necessary for aseptic loosening of the implant. METHODS: A cemented modular system (Biomedtrix) was used as a hip replacement in 24 adult Swiss Alpine sheep, with one group receiving a complete cement mantle as controls (n = 12), and the other group a cement mantle with a standardized, lateral, primary defect in the cement mantle (n = 12). Animals were followed over time for 2 and 8.5 months (n = 6 each). After sacrifice, samples from the interface membranes were harvested from five different regions of the femur and joint capsule. Explant cell cultures were performed and supernatant of cultures were tested and assayed for nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, caseinolytic and collagenolytic activity. RNA extraction and quantification were performed for inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6. Overall differences between groups and time periods and interactions thereof were calculated using a factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: The development of an interface membrane was noticed in both groups at both time points. However, in the controls the interface membrane regressed in thickness and biological activity, while both variables increased in the experimental group with the primary cement mantle defect over time. Nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 concentrations were higher in the 8.5 months group (P < 0.0001) compared to the 2 months group with a tendency for the unstable group to have higher concentrations. The same was true for collagenolytic activity (P = 0.05), but not for caseinolytic activity that decreased over time (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In this study, a primary cement mantle defect of the femoral shaft elicited biomechanical instability and biochemical changes over time in an experimental animal study in sheep, that resembled the changes described at the bone cement-interface in aseptic loosening of total hip prosthesis in humans. The early biochemical changes may well explain the pathologic bone resorption and formation of an interface membrane as is observed in clinical cases. This animal model may aid in future studies aiming at prevention of aseptic loosening of hip prosthesis and reflect some aspects of the pathogenesis involved.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

In vivo quantification of T1rho using a multislice spin-lock pulse sequence.

A multislice spin-lock (MS-SL) pulse sequence is implemented on a clinical scanner to acquire multiple images with spin-lock-generated contrast of the knee joints of six healthy human subjects. The MS-SL sequence produces images with T1rho contrast with an additional factor of intrinsic T2rho weighting, which hinders direct measurement of T1rho. A method is presented to compensate the MS-SL-generated data with regard to T2rho in an effort to accurately calculate multislice T1rho maps in a feasible experimental time. The T2rho-compensated multislice T1rho maps produced errors in the measurement of T1rho in healthy patellar cartilage of approximately 5% compared to the gold standard measurement of T1rho acquired with single-slice spin-lock pulse sequence. The MS-SL sequence has potential as an important clinical tool for the acquisition of multislice T1rho-weighted images and/or quantitative multislice T1rho maps.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Analyses of volatile C2 haloethanes and haloethenes in tissues: sample preparation and extraction.

A tissue extraction procedure was developed which minimized loss of readily volatilizable compounds for subsequent quantification by headspace gas chromatography, and evaluated for perchloroethylene (PER), 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethylene. Of the procedures evaluated, joint isooctane and saline tissue homogenization had the most efficient recovery, ranging from 73 to 104% for the four halocarbons from seven different rat tissues. PER concentrations were also determined in tissues of rats following in vivo halocarbon administration. Recovery did not appear to be tissue-dependent, but did vary somewhat with test chemical, with the least volatile, most lipophilic compounds exhibiting the highest recovery.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Conventional radiology in the choice of surgical treatment of gonarthrosis].

Gonarthrosis is a pathologic condition the incident of which is high in people over 50. Its etiologic factors are varus-valgus deformities, traumatic lesions, meniscal tears, osteochondritis, and metabolic diseases. The authors report their experience with the setting of a radiographic protocol for the study of 100 patients over 50. The protocol allowed both detection and quantification of: varus and valgus deformities studied in weight-bearing (teleradiography in weight-bearing) and extensor mechanism malalignment (tangential views); chondral wear of femoral and tibial joints (varus and valgus radiographs); varus and valgus knees instability (varus and valgus radiographs). The results are extremely satisfactory: this protocol allowed correct gonarthrosis grading and the evaluation of such associated lesions as lateral instability. The surgeon is thus provided with the essential elements for the choice of the correct treatment.

Female↗
PubMed2003

The sacroiliac joints: evaluation using nuclear scintigraphy. Part 1: The normal horse.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Sacroiliac (SI) disease is recognised as a cause of poor hindlimb action but differential diagnosis is often difficult. HYPOTHESES: That in clinically normal horses there would be a significant difference in the ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake (RU) between the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and each tuber sacrale (TS) and between L5 and each SI joint; and that these ratios would alter with age, but ratios would be bilaterally symmetrical. METHODS: Dorsal scintigraphic images of the SI region of 15 horses, selected randomly from the clinic database, were analysed by 2 of the authors, comparing noncorrected and motion-corrected images. To determine scintigraphic anatomy, the scintigraphic images of 10 Thoroughbred horses were superimposed over a ventrodorsal radiographic image of an isolated pelvis. Dorsal scintigraphic images of 40 clinically normal horses age 3-16 years were evaluated using subjective examination, profile analysis and quantification using regions of interest. RESULTS: The tubera sacrale were seen as 2 well-defined oval regions immediately to the left and right of the midline, abaxial to which were larger, approximately oval areas with less RU, representing uptake in the SI joints. The definition between the SI region and the TS was more obvious in younger horses. Nonmotion-corrected images were often not of diagnostic quality or could be misinterpreted as abnormal. There were significant differences in RU between the TS and SI joints compared to L5, and decreased RU in the tubera sacrale with increasing age, but no change of uptake in the SI joint region and no effect of gender on RU. There was a high degree of left-right symmetry of the TS and SI joint regions. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The scintigraphic images of horses with suspected sacroiliac joint disease should be compared with images of normal horses of comparable age. In normal horses, there was a high degree of symmetry; therefore, marked left-right asymmetry is likely to be abnormal.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Field distributions in the rat tibia with and without a porous implant during electrical stimulation: a parametric modeling.

Expeditious post-operative ingrowth of bone is necessary for clinically successful fixation of porous joint prostheses. Electrical or electromagnetic fields to stimulate bone growth into porous implants have been used; however, they produced nonconvincing data. This was partially attributable to the lack of quantification of the localized electric fields produced in the pores of the implants. Therefore, this study set out: i) to quantify the local electric field values induced into the surface pores of nonconducting implants by "capacitive" coupling and to determine the magnitude of the macroscopically applied capacitively coupled electrical currents to induce specific electric field amplitudes in the pores, ii) to identify the important dielectric properties of the implant-tissue interface, and iii) to create the basis for successfully applying electrical fields in an animal model to stimulate bone ingrowth. A finite element method was used to calculate the electric field gradients and current densities present in a rat tibia modeled with a porous intramedullary implant when capacitively stimulated. Results indicated that while the current density in the pores are reduced in comparison to the region just outside the pore by about one order of magnitude, a significant current density still exists in the pore region. Furthermore, the presence of the implant increases the current densities in the trabecular bone while decreasing these values in the cortical bone. Replacing the trabecular bone in the pore by saline increases the current density in the pore by three-fold, but decreases the voltage gradient by a similar factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Recovery of voluntary motion in the upper extremity following hemiplegia in patients with cerebrovascular accident. Prognostic evaluation].

The study aims the registration and anlaysis of the main facts which occur during recovery of the voluntary movements in the upper extremity, in patients with hemiplegia following cerebrovascular accident, and it also intends to evaluate the prognosis. Of particular interest was the comparative recognition of the spontaneous recovery of voluntary motricity in different segments of the upper extremity in 88 patients, not previously selected, with hemiplegia after cerebrovascular accident, admitted to the hospital at the acute stage. Of the 88 hemiplegic patients studied whose further evolution has been fairly followed 56 cases (group 1) experienced clinical improvement, either with partial or total remission of neurological manifestations and complete recovery of all voluntary movements in the different upper extremity joints, while 32 patients (group 2) with persistent neurological symptoms, particularly spasticity, showed a slighter clinical improvement, as well as only partial recovery of upper extremity movements. The clinical quantification of neurological signs applied in this study, has made possible to report the main significant changes developed during the 88 patients recovery. This criteria has allowed to emphasize the degree of the spontaneous remission of symptoms and the determination of the critical level of stabilization "plateau". The analysis of the data supplied by the two groups led to the following conclusions: a) the critical level of remission of symptoms and the spontaneous recovery of voluntary movements ocurred around the 70th day after the installation of hemiplegia; b) the 256 average score acquired 70 days after the onset of the hemiplegia represents the critical level stabilization (plateau); c) although the presence of early initial movements, immediately after the installation of hemiplegia, is a valuable data for the prognosis, the characterization of early movement patterns is of most important meaning; d) patients with hemiplegia after cerebrovascular acident who present the thumb flexion-extension and opposition movements showed a better prognosis than those whose initial movements were represented by the elbow flexion and/or arm flexion-adduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Collagen crimping in the intra-articular disc and articular surfaces of the human temporomandibular joint.

The presence of crimping within soft fibrous connective tissues has a considerable role in determining the biomechanical properties of the tissue. However, there is little or no information on crimping of collagen in the human temporomandibular joint. To remedy this situation, the presence and nature of any crimping was studied in sections of human temporomandibular joints from individuals varying in age from between 4.5-63 years, using polarized light microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. The presence of crimping was looked for in collagen within the intra-articular disc and the articular surfaces of the mandibular fossa and mandibular condyle. By polarized light, crimping was seen throughout all three tissues at all ages studied. Quantification from micrographs enlarged to x250 showed that the periodicity of the banding (representing half a complete crimp wave) had a mean varying between about 15-20 microm. Crimping was also directly visualized by differential interference contrast microscopy. The presence of such a fundamental feature needs to be considered when explaining the normal function of the temporomandibular joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Three-dimensional visualization and quantification of the mandibular articular surface by optical profilometry.

The aim of this study was to introduce a nondestructive optical technique for the quantitative assessment of natural biological surfaces as demonstrated with the example of the articular surface of the human temporomandibular joint. The computer-assisted quantitative evaluation of the surface is realized by the acquisition of three-dimensional images via the optical technique of phase measuring profilometry. After mathematical processing of the data set the resulting image can be visualized as three-dimensional object surface reconstructions or as grid surfaces from which arbitrary sections may easily be extracted. From such single sections we can calculate a value that represents the degree of height deviations of the section profile and can be regarded as a parameter for the surface roughness. Further quantitative information about the surface topography is provided by the Fourier transform analysis of the profiles. The Fourier spectrum contains information about the spatial distribution of roughness-causing protuberances along the overall surface. As an example one healthy condyle and one remodeled condyle from macerated cadaver mandibles were investigated. For the two samples evaluated we calculated a mean surface roughness of the entire articular surface with a value of 0.03 +/- 0.005 mm for the healthy condyle with its smooth surface and a value of 0.14 +/- 0.009 mm for the remodeled condyle. We recommend optical profilometry as a sophisticated technique for a more objective and quantitative pathological classification of articular surfaces and similar objects.

Fourier Analysis↗
PubMed1995

A sporadic case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV: diagnosed by a morphometric study of collagen content.

A sporadic case of a young woman with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is described. Multiple aneurysms of medium-sized arteries were noted. Histological study revealed deposition of acid mucopolysaccharides in the media of major arteries and in the intima of smaller arteries with intimal thickening. Systemic changes related to stenosis were observed in arteries more than 100 microns in diameter. Histologic study revealed hyperplasia of adipocytes in the submucosal layer of the intestines and the trachea, and fibrosis of Langerhans' islets of the pancreas. Typical signs for EDS such as skin hyperelasticity and joint hypermobility, and positive family history were not present. However, type III collagen was not detected on frozen sections from either the skin or the anterior cerebral artery by immunohistochemical quantification. Thus, it was concluded that the present case is a variant of EDS.

Adolescent↗