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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Experimental demonstration of four-photon entanglement and high-fidelity teleportation.

We experimentally demonstrate observation of highly pure four-photon GHZ entanglement produced by parametric down-conversion and a projective measurement. At the same time this also demonstrates teleportation of entanglement with very high purity. Not only does the achieved high visibility enable various novel tests of quantum nonlocality, it also opens the possibility to experimentally investigate various quantum computation and communication schemes with linear optics. Our technique can, in principle, be used to produce entanglement of arbitrarily high order or, equivalently, teleportation and entanglement swapping over multiple stages.

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PubMed2001

Indirect interaction of solid-state qubits via two-dimensional electron gas.

We propose a mechanism of long-range coherent coupling between nuclear spin qubits in semiconductor-heterojunction quantum information processing devices. The coupling is via localized donor electrons which interact with the two-dimensional electron gas. An effective interaction Hamiltonian is derived and the coupling strength is evaluated. We also discuss mechanisms of decoherence and consider gate control of the interaction between qubits. The resulting quantum computing scheme retains all the control and measurement aspects of earlier approaches, but allows qubit spacing at distances of the order of 100 nm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor device technologies.

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PubMed2001

Anisotropic spin exchange in pulsed quantum gates.

We show how to eliminate the first-order effects of the spin-orbit interaction in the performance of a two-qubit quantum gate. Our procedure involves tailoring the time dependence of the coupling between neighboring spins. We derive an effective Hamiltonian which permits a systematic analysis of this tailoring. Time-symmetric pulsing of the coupling automatically eliminates several undesirable terms in this Hamiltonian. Well chosen pulse shapes can produce an effectively isotropic exchange gate, which can be used in universal quantum computation with appropriate coding.

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PubMed2001

Coherence-preserving quantum bits.

Real quantum systems couple to their environment and lose their intrinsic quantum nature through the process known as decoherence. Here we present a method for minimizing decoherence by making it energetically unfavorable. We present a Hamiltonian made up solely of two-body interactions between four two-level systems (qubits) which has a 2-fold degenerate ground state. This degenerate ground state has the property that any decoherence process acting on an individual physical qubit must supply energy from the bath to the system. Quantum information can be encoded into the degeneracy of the ground state and such coherence-preserving qubits will then be robust to local decoherence at low bath temperatures. We show how this quantum information can be universally manipulated and indicate how this approach may be applied to a quantum dot quantum computer.

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PubMed2002

Conservation laws, uncertainty relations, and quantum limits of measurements.

The uncertainty relation between the noise operator and the conserved quantity leads to a bound on the accuracy of general measurements. The bound extends the assertion by Wigner, Araki, and Yanase that conservation laws limit the accuracy of "repeatable," or "nondisturbing," measurements to general measurements, and improves the one previously obtained by Yanase for spin measurements. The bound represents an obstacle to making a small quantum computer.

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PubMed2002

Aharonov-Casher-effect suppression of macroscopic tunneling of magnetic flux.

We suggest a system in which the amplitude of macroscopic flux tunneling can be modulated via the Aharonov-Casher effect. The system is an rf SQUID with the Josephson junction replaced by a Bloch transistor--two junctions separated by a small superconducting island on which the charge can be induced by an external gate voltage. When the Josephson coupling energies of the junctions are equal and the induced charge is q = e, destructive interference between tunneling paths brings the flux tunneling rate to zero. The device may also be useful as a qubit for quantum computation.

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PubMed2002

Two-electron quantum dot molecule: composite particles and the spin phase diagram.

We study a two-electron quantum dot molecule in a magnetic field by the direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix. The ground states of the molecule with the total spin S = 0 and S = 1 provide a possible realization for a qubit of a quantum computer. Switching between the states is best achieved by changing the magnetic field. Based on an analysis of the wave function, we show that the system consists of composite particles formed by an electron and flux quanta attached to it. This picture can also be used to explain the spin phase diagram.

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PubMed2002

Layered perovskites with giant spontaneous polarizations for nonvolatile memories.

A series of titanate-based layered perovskites having large values of the spontaneous polarization P(s) were developed for their applcations to nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories. Among these, the Nd-modified bismuth titanate [Bi(4-x)Nd(x)Ti(3)O(12) (BNdT)] system exhibited the most remarkable ferroelectric properties. The c-axis oriented BNdT capacitor was characterized by a switchable remanent polarization 2P(r) of over 100 microC/cm(2) and imprinting and fatigue-free behavior. The active Ti site responsible for the giant P(s) was identified with the help of Rietveld analysis, x-ray absorption near-edge structure study, and ab initio quantum computations.

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PubMed2002

Rabi oscillations in a large Josephson-junction qubit.

We have designed and operated a circuit based on a large-area current-biased Josephson junction whose two lowest energy quantum levels are used to implement a solid-state qubit. The circuit allows measurement of the qubit states with a fidelity of 85% while providing sufficient decoupling from external sources of relaxation and decoherence to allow coherent manipulation of the qubit state, as demonstrated by the observation of Rabi oscillations. This qubit circuit is the basis of a scalable quantum computer.

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PubMed2002

Efficient universal leakage elimination for physical and encoded qubits.

Decoherence-induced leakage errors can couple a physical or encoded qubit to other levels, thus potentially damaging the qubit. They can therefore be very detrimental in quantum information processing and require special attention. Here we present a general method for removing such errors by using simple decoupling and recoupling pulse sequences. The proposed gates are experimentally accessible in a variety of promising quantum-computing proposals.

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PubMed2002

High-fidelity quantum logic operations using linear optical elements.

Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature (London) 409, 46 ((2001))]] have shown that quantum logic operations can be performed using linear optical elements and additional ancilla photons. Their approach is probabilistic in the sense that the logic devices fail to produce an output with a failure rate that scales as 1/n, where n is the number of ancilla. Here we present an alternative approach in which the logic devices always produce an output with an intrinsic error rate that scales as 1/n(2), which may have several advantages in quantum computing applications.

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PubMed2002

Optical RKKY interaction between charged semiconductor quantum dots.

We show how a spin interaction between electrons localized in neighboring quantum dots can be induced and controlled optically. The coupling is generated via virtual excitation of delocalized excitons and provides an efficient coherent control of the spins. This quantum manipulation can be realized in the adiabatic limit and is robust against decoherence by spontaneous emission. Applications to the realization of quantum gates, scalable quantum computers, and to the control of magnetization in an array of charged dots are proposed.

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PubMed2003

Andreev quantum dots for spin manipulation.

We investigate the feasibility of manipulating individual spin in a superconducting junction where Bogoliubov quasiparticles can be trapped in discrete Andreev levels. We call this system an Andreev quantum dot (AQD) to be contrasted with a common semiconductor quantum dot. We show that the AQD can be brought into a spin-1/2 state. The coupling between the spin and superconducting current facilitates manipulation and measurement of this state. We demonstrate that one can operate two inductively coupled AQDs as a XOR gate; this enables quantum computing applications.

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PubMed2003

Diffusive-ballistic crossover in 1D quantum walks.

We show that particle transport, as characterized by the equilibrium mean square displacement, in a uniform, quantum multibaker map, is generically ballistic in the long time limit, for any fixed value of Planck's constant. However, for fixed times, the semiclassical limit leads to diffusion. Random matrix theory provides explicit analytical predictions for the mean square displacement of a particle in the system. These results exhibit a crossover from diffusive to ballistic motion, with crossover time on the order of the inverse of Planck's constant. We expect that, for a large class of 1D quantum random walks similar to the quantum multibaker, a sufficient condition for diffusion in the semiclassical limit is classically chaotic dynamics in each cell. The systems described generalize known quantum random walks and may have applications for quantum computation.

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PubMed2003

Scalable quantum processor with trapped electrons.

A quantum computer can be implemented by trapping electrons in vacuum within an innovative confining structure. Universal processing is realized by controlling the Coulomb interaction and applying electromagnetic pulses. This system offers scalability, high clock speed, and low decoherence.

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PubMed2003

Generating a superposition of spin states in an atomic ensemble.

A method for generating a mesoscopic superposition state of the collective spin variable of a gas of atoms is proposed. The state consists of a superposition of the atomic spins pointing in two slightly different directions. It is obtained by using off resonant light to carry out quantum nondemolition measurements of the spins. The relevant experimental conditions, which require very dense atomic samples, can be realized with presently available techniques. Long-lived atomic superposition states may become useful as an off-line resource for quantum computing with otherwise linear operations.

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PubMed2003

Coherent quantum dynamics of a superconducting flux qubit.

We have observed coherent time evolution between two quantum states of a superconducting flux qubit comprising three Josephson junctions in a loop. The superposition of the two states carrying opposite macroscopic persistent currents is manipulated by resonant microwave pulses. Readout by means of switching-event measurement with an attached superconducting quantum interference device revealed quantum-state oscillations with high fidelity. Under strong microwave driving, it was possible to induce hundreds of coherent oscillations. Pulsed operations on this first sample yielded a relaxation time of 900 nanoseconds and a free-induction dephasing time of 20 nanoseconds. These results are promising for future solid-state quantum computing.

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PubMed2003

An all-optical quantum gate in a semiconductor quantum dot.

We report coherent optical control of a biexciton (two electron-hole pairs), confined in a single quantum dot, that shows coherent oscillations similar to the excited-state Rabi flopping in an isolated atom. The pulse control of the biexciton dynamics, combined with previously demonstrated control of the single-exciton Rabi rotation, serves as the physical basis for a two-bit conditional quantum logic gate. The truth table of the gate shows the features of an all-optical quantum gate with interacting yet distinguishable excitons as qubits. Evaluation of the fidelity yields a value of 0.7 for the gate operation. Such experimental capability is essential to a scheme for scalable quantum computation by means of the optical control of spin qubits in dots.

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