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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Treatment of sleep problems in families with young children: effects of treatment on family well-being.

AIM: To evaluate a standardized sleep programme that is a two-step variation of graduated extinction, where the child is first taught to fall asleep by him/herself at bedtime (first intervention) and two weeks later also after night awakenings (second intervention). As it has been claimed that extinction procedures may be harmful to the child, this study documents both night- and daytime behaviour before and after interventions. METHOD: The study included a total of 95 families, with children from 4 to 45 mo of age exhibiting frequent signalled awakening episodes during the night. Sleep diaries, visual analogue scales (VAS) on daytime behaviour and the Flint Infant Security scale, completed by parents, were used as instruments. Parents also completed VAS scales and the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire scales on their own well-being. RESULTS: All families carried out the interventions. Parents reported significant improvements in sleep quality, daytime behaviour and family well-being as early as two weeks after the first intervention. Before intervention, the sleep-disturbed children were rated as more insecure than a matched comparison group with unknown sleep behaviour. This difference was eliminated after the interventions. The more anxious the children were rated before intervention, the more they tended to benefit from it. CONCLUSION: If parents experience young children's night awakenings as a problem, teaching the children to fall asleep by themselves usually solves this problem quickly. According to parental ratings, family well-being and negative daytime behaviour are also improved.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1987

Research note: sleep problems of normal Chinese adolescents.

Eight hundred and forty-six Chinese adolescents were surveyed concerning sleep behaviours including insomnia, nightmares, somniloquism, somnambulism, bruxism, and enuresis. Bruxism was reported most frequently (22%) followed by somniloquism (17%) and insomnia (14.9%). Subjects were compared by sex, age, and rearing by parents or parent surrogates. Cross cultural comparisons and the possible significance of findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Sleep problems in older adults: putting myths to bed.

Many people believe that older adults need less sleep. However, it is not the need for sleep but the ability to sleep that diminishes with age. Older adults are objectively sleepier in the day, indicating they are not getting enough sleep at night. Their sleep is disrupted by circadian rhythm changes, disorders such as sleep disordered breathing (apnea) and periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), medical illness, psychiatric illness, medication use, and poor sleep habits. The physician can address each of these causes, thereby improving the night-time sleep and daytime functioning of the older adult.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Ethnic differences in self-reported sleep problems in older adults.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To date, conflicting observations have been made regarding ethnic differences in sleep patterns. Plausibly, differing sampling strategies and disparity in the cohorts investigated might help explain discrepant findings. To our knowledge population-based studies investigating ethnic differences in sleep complaints have not addressed within-group ethnic heterogeneity, although within-group health disparities have been documented. DESIGN: Volunteers (n =1118) in this study were community-residing older European Americans and African Americans residing in Brooklyn, New York, which were recruited by a stratified, cluster sampling technique. Trained interviewers of the same race as the respondents gathered data during face-to-face interviews conducted either in the respondent's home or another location of their choice. Data included demographic and health risk factors, physical health, social support, and emotional experience. Relationships of demographic and health risk factors to sleep disturbances were examined in multiple linear regression analyses. Within-group differences in sleep complaints were also explored. SETTING: N/A. PARTICIPANTS: N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Of the factors showing significant associations with sleep disturbance, European American ethnicity was the most significant predictor (r2 = 0.20). Worse sleep and greater reliance on sleep medicine were observed among European Americans. Caribbean Americans reported less sleep complaints than did U.S.-born African Americans, and immigrant European Americans reported greater complaints than did US-born European Americans. CONCLUSIONS: As expected several health risk factors were predictive of sleep disturbance among urban community-dwelling older adults, but ethnicity was the most significant predictor. The present data suggest both between-group and within-group ethnic differences in sleep complaints. Understanding of demographic and cultural differences between African Americans and European Americans may be critical in interpreting subjective health-related data.

Affect↗
PubMed2002

Women's sleep: longitudinal changes and secular trends in a 24-year perspective. Results of the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To present observational data on the frequency of sleep problems, sleep duration, and sleep medication in an urban female population. DESIGN: A prospective population study, initiated in 1968-69, with follow-ups in 1974-75, 1980-81, and 1992-93. SETTING: Göteborg, Sweden, with around 445,000 inhabitants. PARTICIPANTS: 1462 women born in 1908, 1914, 1918, 1922, 1930, and 205 women born in 1942 and 1954, a representative selection of women of the respective age in the general population. INTERVENTIONS: NA. MEASUREMENTS: Reported number of hours slept per night, sleep problems, use of sleeping pills, and sleep satisfaction. RESULTS: The frequency of sleep problems increased with age, as did consultations for sleep problems and the use of sleep medication, while no major differences in these parameters could be discerned in a 24-year secular trend analysis of 38- and 50-year-old women, except a lower sleeping pill use in 50-year-old women in 1992-93. An interesting finding was also that the significant reduction of the proportion of 38-year-old women sleeping more than 8 hours per night between 1968-69 and 1980-81 was not accompanied by a secular deterioration in sleep satisfaction in that age group. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration decreased by approximately 0.4 hours per night between the ages of 38 and 66. The frequency of sleep problems increased by around 30% between the ages of 38 and 84. The use of sleeping pills also increased, except in the 50-year-old cohort.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Sleep problems of junior high school students in Taipei.

The objective of this work was to study the relationship between daily sleep time and characteristics of students, e.g. grade level, gender, and academic program. A sleep habit questionnaire was designed to survey students at two junior high schools, one from northern Taipei and the other from southern Taipei. The impact of shortened duration of sleep on daily function was also evaluated. A total of 965 students and their parents were selected randomly in December 1993 for the questionnaire study. The response rate was 96.4% (930) for students and 88.6% (855) for parents. The self-reported daily sleep time of students declined, and daytime sleepiness and moodiness increased in the higher grades. The girls slept fewer hours than the boys and did not show an increase in daytime sleepiness. Those students not taking the senior high school joint entrance examination slept more hours at night and maintained more alertness in the daytime than those who were taking the examination. The more academic pressures that adolescents faced, the fewer hours they slept. Students not participating in the joint entrance examination seemed to show a healthier sleep pattern. Little sleep at night made the students feel sleepy in the daytime and tired, drowsy, moody and difficult at arising in the morning. The reason why girls slept less than boys needs further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sleep problems in pre-school children.

Records were kept by one health visitor on the progress of nine children with sleeping difficulties. All the children were from socially disadvantaged families. The results reveal that the individual constructional treatment programmes which were applied by the health visitor were effective within a brief period and were not costly. Implications for health visiting practice are discussed and further issues about behavioural treatment and service delivery raised.

Child, Preschool↗