A CLINICAL STUDY OF TRANSFUSION REACTIONS: THE HEMOLYTIC EFFECT OF GROUP-O BLOOD AND POOLED PLASMA CONTAINING INCOMPATIBLE ISOAGGLUTININS.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Agglutination↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “AGGLUTININS AND AGGLUTINATION”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Development of cold agglutinin to chicken red blood cells in Mycoplasma synoviae infection.
Serum from birds chronically infected with Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) evidenced a cold agglutinin (CA) which agglutinated chicken, cat, dog, and guinea pig red blood cells (RBC) but did not agglutinate bovine and sheep RBC. Agglutinin to dog RBC was widespread in serums of birds, whether or not infected with MS.
Agglutinins↗
Agglutination of human erythrocytes by Fusobacterium nucleatum: factors influencing hemagglutination and some characteristics of the agglutinin.
Various aspects of agglutination of human erythrocytes by fusobacterium nucleatum were examined. Titration experiments done in buffered saline at pH 6 to 10 showed the same agglutination endpoint. The presence of high concentrations of NaCl in reaction mixtures did not alter titers, but KCl in concentrations of 0.5 to 3.6 M increased titers twofold. The agglutinin was inactivated by heat, acid, alkali, 5% Formalin, and the proteolytic enzyme subtilopeptidase A and therefore appeared to be a protein. Treatment of bacterial cells with 2-mercaptoethanol had no effect. Hemagglutination inhibition experiments revealed that arginine and other compounds containing a guanido group as part of their structure were inhibitory at low concentrations. Various hexoses, some hexose derivatives, and most common metal ions, when added to bacterium-erythrocyte mixtures, had no effect. The binding of dansyl-L-arginine to bacteria, but not erythrocytes, was demonstrable by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy.
Agglutinins↗
Serological studies of Clostridium botulinum type E and related organisms. II. Serology of spores.
Pure spore antigens for the immunization of rabbits were prepared by enzymic digestion of vegetative components and separation of the cleaned spores in polyethylene glycol. Spore antisera were prepared to strains representative of toxigenic Clostridium botulinum type E; nontoxigenic boticin E-producing variants; nontoxigenic nonproducers of boticin E; nontoxigenic "atypical" strains, which differ somewhat from C. botulinum type E in their physiology; C. botulinum types A and B; and C. bifermentans. They were tested against these and additional strains representative of the above groups, other types of C. botulinum, and other Clostridium species. There was no evidence of agglutination of flagellar or somatic antigens of vegetative cells by these antisera. Agglutination and agglutinin absorption tests showed common antigens among toxigenic type E strains and nontoxigenic variants, both producers and nonproducers of boticin E. Some nontoxigenic "atypical" strains varied in their ability to be agglutinated by type E antisera, and others did not agglutinate at all. Of those atypical strains that were not agglutinated, one was agglutinated by C. bifermentans antiserum. Antisera prepared against C. botulinum types A and B and C. bifermentans did not agglutinate the spores of type E or its variants nor share antigens common to each other. Similarly, antisera to type E, its nontoxigenic variants, and nontoxigenic atypical strains did not agglutinate other C. botulinum types or any other Clostridium species investigated.
Agglutination Tests↗
The in vitro transformation of the miracidium to the mother sporocyst of Schistosoma margrebowiei; changes in the parasite surface and implications for interactions with snail plasma factors.
The in vitro transformation of the miracidium to the mother sporocyst of Schistosoma margrebowiei was initiated by placing the miracidium in mammalian physiological saline. The transformation occurs in stages: the cilia cease beating; the ciliated plates become detached from the intercellular ridges and underlying muscle layers; the intercellular ridges spread over the body surface eventually forming a new tegument; the sporocyst changes from an ovoid to a tubular shape in about 48 h at room temperature. The surfaces of the miracidium, sporocyst and cercaria of S. margrebowiei display stage-specific carbohydrates on their surfaces as indicated by lectin staining. Ricin120 stains the cilia alone of the miracidium whereas peanut agglutinin stains the larval surface except for the cilia. The intercellular ridges of the miracidium stain with concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin, and these lectins stain the entire surface of the mature mother sporocyst. The cercaria is the only larval stage which stains positively with asparagus pea lectin. Bulinus nasutus is incompatible with Schistosoma margrebowiei; the haemolymph of this snail contains an agglutinin which agglutinates a wide variety of mammalian erythrocytes including those of human ABO blood groups. The haemagglutinin titre of B. nasutus plasma is reduced after incubation with miracidia of S. margrebowiei indicating that the agglutinin is absorbed onto the surface of this larval stage but not that of the mother sporocyst or cercaria. The possible roles of agglutinins in host-parasite interactions together with the significance of the differences in the surface carbohydrates of the larval stages are discussed.
Adsorption↗
The production of anti-a1 agglutinins in A-like rabbits injected with human group A1 erythrocytes.
A-like and non-A-like rabbits were injected with human group A1 erythrocytes. The rabbit sera were examined serologically for their hemagglutination patterns with human red cells of groups A1 and A2 before and after sequential adsorption with human group O, B and A2 erythrocytes. The A-like rabbits produced specific anti-A1 heteroagglutinins that resisted further adsorptions with group A2 cells. The tissues of A-like rabbits obviously do not contain antigenic configurations equivalent to those on human group A1 erythrocytes. Cross-reacting antibodies were also formed, by the non-A-like rabbits especially, as evidenced by the increased titer of agglutinins reactive with human group B red cells.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
[An O-antigen study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from serological group O11].
In the study of P. aeruginosa cultures, serogroup O11, strains agglutinated simultaneously by factor sera 11b and 11c have been detected. In experiments on cross agglutination and agglutinin adsorption the antigenic structure of these strains, viz. 11a, 11b and 11c, has been determined.
Adsorption↗
The prickly lettuce agglutinin. I. Isolation from leaves of the prickly lettuce plant (Lactuca scariole).
An agglutinin has been isolated from leaves of the prickly lettuce plant (Lactuca scariole). The prickly lettuce agglutinin (PLA) agglutinates erythrocytes of the mouse and rat, and binds to, but does not agglutinate erythrocytes of other species. PLA can be precipitated from crude plant extracts by cold acetone and ammonium sulfate treatment, is sensitive to proteolytic enzyme activity, and contains carbohydrate residues, suggesting that it is a glycoprotein. The agglutinin has a molecular weight of approximately 84,000 as determined by SDS-PAGE studies. The receptor for PLA has not been elucidated but may involve, in part, sialic acid residues.
Animals↗
Identification of a Streptococcus sanguis receptor for salivary agglutinins.
The objective of this study was to characterize a fraction from oral streptococci containing receptor activity for salivary agglutinin molecules. Several species and strains of streptococci were disrupted in a Ribi press. The supernatant was nuclease-treated and subjected to differential centrifugation. Receptor activity in the fractions was measured by the inhibition of saliva-mediated bacterial aggregation. In addition, bacterial strains were tested for their ability to aggregate and to deplete saliva of agglutinin activity. Three patterns of activity were observed: Streptococcus sanguis M5 depleted saliva of agglutinin activity and aggregated well; Streptococcus sanguis CC5A depleted saliva of agglutinin but did not aggregate well; and Streptococcus faecalis S-161 neither depleted saliva of agglutinin nor did it aggregate. The 105,000 g supernatant fractions derived from Ribi-disrupted Streptococcus sanguis M5 and CC5A, but not from Streptococcus faecalis, showed dose-dependent inhibition of saliva-mediated aggregation. This inhibitory activity was non-dialyzable, had the same heat and trypsin sensitivity as that seen with intact bacteria, and was not due to enzymatic digestion of the salivary agglutinin. Iso-electric focusing revealed a single active region with a pI of 5.5 which was clearly separated from the bulk of the bacterial proteins.
Agglutination↗
Studies on the transfer of lymph node cells. XI. Effect on the anti-Shigella agglutinin titers of recipient rabbits of the prior injection of leucocytes from the donor animals.
The transfer to rabbits of homologous lymph node cells which have been incubated in vitro with Shigella-trypsin filtrate leads to the appearance of agglutinins to Shigella in the sera of the recipients. In the present study it has been found that the prior injection of the prospective recipients with blood leucocytes from the donor animals prevented the appearance of anti-Shigella agglutinins. The following observations have been made in this system: 1. The degree of the pre-injection effect was found to be a function of the number of leucocytes injected and of the interval between such pre-injection and the transfer of the antigen-incubated lymph node cells. 2. The pre-injection of leucocytes at appropriate intervals could also cause the failure of antibody to appear in sera of recipients of lymph node cells when these were obtained from donor rabbits injected with Shigella, 1, 2, or 3 days prior to cell transfer. 3. Agglutinins failed to appear in cell-transfer experiments after the pre-injection not only of blood leucocytes, but also of lymph node cells, peritoneal exudate cells, or thymus cells of rabbits. This effect was not brought about by pre-injection of erythrocytes of rabbits or leucocytes of chicken, cow, or horse. The pre-injection of leucocytes of human blood had an effect of partial suppression. 4. When the leucocytes for pre-injection were pooled from groups of rabbits, either the prospective donors of the lymph node cells or other rabbits, essentially complete suppression of agglutinin titers occurred regularly. When the leucocytes for pre-injection were obtained from an individual rabbit and the lymph node cells from another rabbit the suppression of the recipients' titers occurred sporadically. 5. When the recipient's own leucocytes were pre-injected the subsequent agglutinin titers were somewhat lower than those of the non-pre-injected controls. When the recipient's whole blood was re-injected as the source of leucocytes the subsequent agglutinin titers were as high as those of the non-pre-injected controls. 6. The pre-injection effect was not obtained if the leucocytes had been heated, frozen and thawed, suspended in distilled water, lyophilized, or treated with sodium iodoacetate. However, sonic oscillation or x-irradiation of the leucocytes had no effect on their capacity to bring about the pre-injection effect.
Agglutination↗
The iso1 gene of Chlamydomonas is involved in sex determination.
Sexual differentiation in the heterothallic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is controlled by two mating-type loci, mt+ and mt-, which behave as a pair of alleles but contain different DNA sequences. A mutation in the mt minus-linked imp11 gene has been shown previously to convert a minus gamete into a pseudo-plus gamete that expresses all the plus gametic traits except the few encoded by the mt+ locus. Here we describe the iso1 mutation which is unlinked to the mt- locus but is expressed only in minus gametes (sex-limited expression). A population of minus gametes carrying the iso1 mutation behaves as a mixture of minus and pseudo-plus gametes: the gametes isoagglutinate but they do not fuse to form zygotes. Further analysis reveals that individual gametes express either plus or minus traits: a given cell displays one type of agglutinin (flagellar glycoprotein used for sexual adhesion) and one type of mating structure. The iso1 mutation identifies a gene unlinked to the mating-type locus that is involved in sex determination and the repression of plus-specific genes.
Agglutination↗
Quantitative agglutination studies in fungi. III. The specificity of agglutinins in rabbit yeast antisera.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Agglutination↗
CMV-induced anti-Sia-b1 cold agglutinin in an immunocompromised patient.
In postinfection cold agglutination, certain cold agglutinin (CA) specificities are associated with distinct infectious agents. The combined occurrence of anti-I and anti-Sia-b1 CAs following Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has been reported recently. After renal transplantation and hyperacute graft rejection, transiently occurring CAs were observed in an 18-year-old boy. The CAs were characterized by serum cold absorption with sialidase-treated red cells and warm elution from the cells. An anti-Sia-b1 CA could be differentiated from an accompanying low-liter anti-I. Fresh infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Epstein-Barr virus, rubella, and varicella viruses were excluded, but CMV infection was demonstrated. This is the first case of a postinfection anti-Sia-b1 CA associated with CMV infection.
Adolescent↗
Antigenic relationships among the proteolytic and nonproteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum.
Relationships of the somatic antigens among Clostridium botulinum strains have been investigated by tube agglutination and agglutinin absorption tests. Results revealed a relationship by which strains of C. botulinum are grouped by their proteolytic capacity rather than by the type of specific toxin produced. Thus, C. botulinum type E and its nontoxigenic variants, which are nonproteolytic, share common somatic antigens with the nonproteolytic strains of types B and F. Absorption of antiserum of a strain of any one type with antigen of any of the others removes the antibody to all three types. In the same manner, C. botulinum type A shares somatic antigens with the proteolytic strains of types B and F, and absorption of any one antiserum with an antigen of either of the other two types removes the antibody to all three types. Partial cross-agglutination of C. sporogenes, C. tetani, and C. histolyticum with the somatic antisera of the proteolytic group was also observed.
Absorption↗
Human salivary aggregation in Streptococcus intermedius type g strains: relationship with IgA.
Bacterial aggregation is an important step in elimination from the human body to protect against infection. Streptococcus intermedius K1K aggregates in human saliva. In this study, the salivary agglutinin was identified. The aggregation level was very strong in sonic-treated saliva and 1-microm filtrate. Preincubation of human saliva with anti-human alpha chain serum or anti-human whole saliva serum completely inhibited aggregation, but preincubation with anti-human micro chain serum or anti-Fc fragment of human IgG serum had no effect. Agglutinin of human saliva that could aggregate the strain K1K was purified using DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and Sephacryl S200HR gel filtration. Purified salivary agglutinin was characterized with electrophoresis and immunological techniques, indicating that purified material was IgA. Bacterial aggregation was dependent on the presence of calcium. Saliva filtrate specimens from eight healthy men and eight women showed different aggregation activities. Three men and one woman had little activity. These data show that the present bacterial aggregation was an immunoreaction between IgA in saliva and the bacteria dependent on the levels of calcium. In addition, the IgA in human saliva related with possible calcium-dependent antigen(s) on the surface of strain K1K.
Agglutination↗
Saliva-induced aggregation of micro-organisms from skin, tooth surfaces, oral mucosa, and rectum.
A total of 57 bacterial strains were isolated from tooth surfaces, oral mucosa, skin of the upper lip, and rectum of 3 persons. Identification of the strains indicated that each type of surface had a characteristic microflora. Aggregation of bacterial suspensions, induced by salivary agglutinins, was measured spectrophotometrically as the decrease in optical density (OD) by time. The aggregation curves for the oral strains followed a sigmoid pattern. The aggregation rates varied between individuals and strains. Most fecal strains showed an aggregation pattern which differed from that of the oral strains and was characterized by only a small, initial decrease in OD. The few strains, mainly Propionibacterium strains, collected from the skin of the upper lip did not aggregate. It appears from the data that several mechanisms are involved in the retention of bacteria to surfaces.
Adult↗
Parotid saliva agglutinins for sheep erythrocytes as a measure of ongoing inflammation in periodontal disease.
The level of parotid saliva agglutinins to sheep erythrocytes (PSAE) may be directly related to the severity of ongoing inflammation. PSAE were titrated in a population of 19 individuals with no clinical evidence of gingivitis or periodontitis. In these normal individuals PSAE were detected at an average salivary dilution of 1:8. However, 31 patients receiving treatment for periodontitis had PSAE at an average dilution of 1:26. Furthermore, the parotid saliva of those periodontal patients had significantly higher IgA and protein concentrations than the healthy group. The salivary flow rate and the IgA to protein ratio were similar in both groups. The elevated titer of PSAE may be due in part to heterogenic stimulation of B cells in periodontal tissues and therefore may be related to the rate of the ongoing inflammatory disease process.
Agglutination↗
Cell-surface sialoglycoconjugate structures in wild-type and mutant Crithidia fasciculata.
The cell-surface expression of sialoglycoconjugate structures in wild-type Crithidia fasciculata and its TFR(R1) drug-resistant mutant was analyzed with the aid of an influenza C virus strain, lectin, enzymatic treatment, and flow cytofluorimetry analysis probed with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled (FITC) lectins. 9-O-Acetyl-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2) structures mediate influenza C virus cell-binding. The SAalpha2,3Gal and SAalpha2,6Gal sequences are specifically recognized by Maackia amurensis (MAA) and Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins, respectively. On the basis of these parameters the TFR(R1) mutant strain of C. fasciculata was found to contain exposed sialoglycoconjugates bearing Neu5,9Ac2 surface structures. After the removal of sialic acid residues by neuraminidase activity the marked increases in PNA (peanut agglutinin)-mediated agglutinating activity showed that those acidic units on C. fasciculata cells were glycosidically linked to D-galactose. The bond involves SAalpha2,6Gal and SAalpha2,3Gal linkages as suggested by the use of FITC-SNA and FITC-MAA lectins, respectively. Both SAalpha2,3Gal and SAalpha2,6Gal sequences were preferentially expressed by the TFR(R1) mutant. The SAalpha2,6 linkage markedly predominated. In the TFR(R1) mutant, but not in wild-type cells, two distinct populations of cells were distinguished by reactivity with FITC-SNA, one of which was enriched with surface SAalpha2,6Gal sequences. These diverse findings suggest that sialoglycoconjugate structures present on the flagellate surface may be associated with mutation and the cell growth cycle in C. fasciculata.
Animals↗