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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

The use of a progesterone-releasing device (CIDR-B) or melengestrol acetate with GnRH, LH, or estradiol benzoate for fixed-time AI in beef heifers.

The objective of this experiment was to compare two progestins and three treatments for synchronizing follicular wave emergence and ovulation in protocols for fixed-time AI in beef heifers. On d 0 (beginning of the experiment), Angus and Angus-Simmental cross beef heifers at random stages of the estrous cycle either received a CIDR-B device (n = 257) or were started on 0.5 mg x anima(-1) x d(-1) melengestrol acetate (MGA; n = 246) and were randomly assigned to receive i.m. injections of 100 microg GnRH, 12.5 mg porcine LH (pLH), or 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and 50 mg progesterone (P4). The last feeding of MGA was given on d 6 and on d 7, CIDR-B devices were removed and all heifers received 500 microg cloprostenol (PG). Consistent with their treatment groups on d 0, heifers were given either 100 microg GnRH or 12.5 mg pLH 48 h after PG (and were concurrently inseminated) or 1 mg EB 24 h after PG and were inseminated 28 h later (52 h after PGF). Estrus rate (combined for both progestins) in heifers receiving EB (92.0%) was greater (P < 0.05) than that in heifers receiving GnRH and pLH (combined) and a CIDR-B device (62.9%) or MGA (34.3%). Although the mean interval from PG treatment to estrus did not differ among groups (overall, 47.8 h; P = 0.85), it was less variable (P < 0.01) in MGA-fed heifers (SD = 2.5 h) than in CIDR-B-treated heifers (SD = 8.1 h). Pregnancy rates (determined by ultrasonography approximately 30 d after AI) did not differ (P = 0.30) among the six treatment groups (average, 58.0%; range, 52.5 to 65.0%). Although fixed-time AI was done, pregnancy rates were greater in heifers detected in estrus than in those not detected in estrus (62.6 vs 51.9%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, GnRH, pLH, or EB treatment in combination with a CIDR-B device or MGA effectively synchronized ovulation-for fixed-time AI, resulting in acceptable pregnancy rates in beef heifers.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Controlling inbreeding by constraining the average relationship between parents of young bulls entering AI progeny test programs.

In breeding is known to impair the health, fertility, and productivity of dairy cattle and other livestock species. Mating programs can address inbreeding concerns on the farm, at least in the short term, but long-term control of inbreeding in a dairy population requires consideration of relationships between young bulls entering AI progeny test programs. The present study discusses an application of optimal contribution methodology to selection of young AI bulls in the five major US dairy breeds. Elite cows and active AI sires from the Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, and Jersey breeds were considered as potential bull parents. Genetic merit of selected sires and dams was maximized subject to various constraints on the mean additive genetic relationship within the selected group. Relationships between selected parents can be reduced substantially relative to current levels, but the corresponding reduction in genetic merit may be large. This loss in genetic merit occurs due to lower selection intensity, although it is mainly a reflection of a larger number of bull parents (with progeny more evenly distributed among these parents), rather than selection of genetically inferior "outcross" parents that wouldn't otherwise have been considered. Selected parents were generally older and slightly less inbred than those that would have been chosen had inbreeding been ignored. Although severe restrictions on relationships can be costly, in terms of lost genetic progress, it appears that moderate constraints can keep relationships at a manageable level without a significant loss in genetic merit. Cooperation between breed associations and several competing AI companies may be required to facilitate implementation of this methodology in dispersed populations, but if this can be accomplished, prospects for achieving a balance between inbreeding and selection seem positive.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

T'ai chi and postural control in the well elderly.

In this study, we investigated the potential value of t'ai chi in promoting postural control of the well elderly. T'ai chi, a traditional Chinese exercise, is a series of individual dancelike movements linked together in a continuous, smooth-flowing sequence. Performance on five balance tests of 9 t'ai chi practitioners was compared to that of 9 nonpractitioners. An analysis of variance demonstrated that in three of the tests, the t'ai chi practitioners had significantly better postural control than the sedentary nonpractitioners (p less than .05). It was also found that men performed significantly better than women in both the practitioner and non-practitioner groups on the same three tests (p less than .01).

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Improving quality of life for people with chronic conditions: the example of t'ai chi and multiple sclerosis.

CONTEXT: The greatest needs of people with chronic conditions are long-term care, maximized independence, and improved quality of life. With conventional medicine becoming increasingly expensive, depersonalized, and unable to adequately meet such needs, many with chronic conditions are seeking health promotion strategies to effectively manage their symptoms. OBJECTIVE: An 8-week t'ai chi program was conducted to explore psychosocial and physical benefits for those with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, noncontrolled pilot study. SETTING: American College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, San Francisco, Calif. PATIENTS: 19 patients with multiple sclerosis. INTERVENTION: T'ai chi. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Walking speed (distance = 25 ft), hamstring flexibility, and psychosocial well-being as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey. RESULTS: Walking speed increased by 21% and hamstring flexibility increased by 28%. Patients experienced improvements in vitality, social functioning, mental health, and ability to carry out physical and emotional roles. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot program was conducted entirely on a volunteer basis and led to the implementation of several additional t'ai chi classes for people with multiple sclerosis across the United States. T'ai chi and other health promotion programs offer help toward achieving the goals of increasing access to services, maximizing independence, and improving quality of life for people with chronic disabling conditions.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed2000

T'ai Chi Chih as an intervention for heart failure.

A program of T'ai Chi Chih, a modified T'ai Chi exercise, was piloted in a study comprised of a small sample of individuals with heart failure. A conceptual framework guided the study design, integrating theories of the neurohormonal dynamics of heart failure with mind-body holistic perspectives of health. Comparisons of pre- and post-measures of heart failure symptoms, general health, mental health, functional capacity, and energy perceptions support the potential of T'ai Chi Chih in managing heart failure symptoms and improving quality of life. In this article, quantitative interviews capture the meaning of experiencing a complementary therapy as an intervention for chronic illness. Participation in T'ai Chi Chih by individuals with heart failure is a cost-effective, noninvasive alternative strategy that warrants continued investigation.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Is the Boston brace mechanically effective in AIS?

The application of three-point loading is thought to be the essential basis for effective bracing of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Care is taken to ensure that active pressure pad is located to provide maximum support to the apex of the scoliosis while minimizing its lordosising effect. Paradoxically, while cited as an essential factor in the design of braces, there is no consensus as to the importance of such loading to the clinical effectiveness of braces. It may be that braces are effective but that they are effective for reasons unrelated to mechanics. There are few studies that link brace mechanics and change in spinal alignment. Optimal bracing for AIS requires a much better understanding of the role of the mechanical support of braces used to treat AIS. Sixteen subjects, 3 males and 13 females, were participated to this study to determine the correlation between quantity and quality of brace wear and treatment outcomes in AIS. This study showed that the target force levels set for the active pad in braces prescribed for the treatment of AIS vary considerably and that brace applies the desired load 25% of the prescribed time.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Interaction of L-alpha-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine with the AI polypeptide of high density lipoprotein.

The AI polypeptide chain from human high density serum lipoprotein has two accessible conformational states in aqueous solution. L-alpha-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine induces the transition between these two states at an equilibrium concentration of ligand of 2 X 10(-5)M, and the protein has a maximum binding capacity of 95 to 100 mol of lipid/mol of protein. The present study, together with previous investigations in this laboratory, suggests that the conformational state of AI in the presence of high levels of bound amphiphiles is similar to the in vivo state, and further, that this complex does not result from the insertion of AI into amphiphilic micelles. The mode of interaction of AI with amphiphilic ligands is shown to be significantly different from that of membrane proteins thus far investigated.

Binding Sites↗

PubMed1990

[The morphological characteristics of the callosal neurons of the first auditory area of the cortex (AI) in the cat].

Cortical stratification of callosal neurons in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of cat was studied by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Two main groups of callosal neurons were revealed. The first group comprising 60% of all AI callosal neurons consisted predominantly of layer III large pyramidal neurons. Average area of these pyramidal neuron perikaryon profiles was 261.8 +/- 8.8 microns2. The number of HRP-labelled callosal neurons in layer III was 22% of all cells in this layer. The second group comprising 27% of all AI callosal neurons consisted mainly of large cells of layers V and VI which could not be classified as pyramidal neurons. Average area of these nonpyramidal neuron perikaryon profiles was 250.3 +/- 8.4 microns 2. In layer I callosal neurons were not revealed, in layers II and IV accordingly 6% and 7% of AI callosal neurons were located.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Lower degree of mineralization found in cortical bone of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

UNLABELLED: A lowered bone mineral density (BMD) was observed in trabecular bone in a significant number of AIS patients. The present study aims at investigating whether lower BMD is a systemic phenomenon, which would also be present in the cortical component of long bone. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 78 AIS girls (age:15-18y.o) with either moderate (Cobb: 20-40) or severe (Cobb: >40) curve and 44 age-matched controls were recruited. The BMD of the distal region and the mid-shaft of radius were measured with a multi-layer peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). The trabecular bone and cortical bone BMD and the morphology of mid-shaft were compared. RESULTS: Both trabecular and cortical BMD in severe AIS group was significantly lower than the control by 8.7% and 1.7% (p<0.05 for both), respectively. However, the cortical bone area of the mid-shaft did not show any differences from the normal control subjects. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates a systemic low BMD including the cortical bone. It is suggested that AIS girls may have disturbance in mineralization and ossification during peripubertal growth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Quantitative determination of apolipoprotein AI in serum by the use of monoclonal antibodies in a noncompetitive ELISA].

A methodical base for estimation of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) in the serum using a monoclonal antibody in a non-competitive ELISA is described. The technical approach is adjusted to commercial materials of the DDR industry. The assay allows to determine apo AI within the range of 5-100 micrograms apo AI/I. The Vk was 4% (within), and 8% (day to day). The monoclonal antibody used is directed against a native epitope which is fully exposed in the serum. Application of the SUMAL system further improves the practicability of the method. The assay should be suitable particularly for the recognition of epitopes of apo AI in serum HDL fractions associated with an atherogenic risk. The values obtained by the ELISA correspond to those measured turbidimetrically using polyclonal antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1986

Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein AI-CIII gene complex.

We report the presence of five restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein AI-CIII (apo AI-CIII) gene complex as well as their respective allelic frequencies in a German population (pi) that we studied: an SstI (BanII) polymorphism in the 3' non-coding region of apo CIII q1(pi) = 0.13); an MspI polymorphism in the third intron of apo AI (q2(pi) = 0.12); a PvuII polymorphism in the first intron of apo CIII (q3(pi) = 0.30); and two XmnI polymorphisms in the 5' side of apo AI (q4(pi) = 0.20 and q5(pi) = 0.05).

Apolipoprotein A-I↗

PubMed1994

Endemic goiter in the Lemanak and Ai river villages of Sarawak.

In a survey of 974 villagers (408 males, 566 females; ages = 11-82 years) of the Ai (n = 496; 212 males, 284 females) and Lemanak (n = 478; 196 males, 282 females) rivers in the district of Lubuk Antu in Sarawak's Sri Aman Division during July 1993, goiter was found in 31.8% of the subjects. The goiter prevalence was higher in the more interior Ai river area than in the Lemanak river area (36.9% vs 26.5%). In females aged 15 years and above, the goiter prevalence was 75.4% and 49.1%, respectively, in the Ai and Lemanak river areas. The difference in goiter prevalence between the two areas was related to the degree of iodine deficiency in the two areas. The median urinary iodine excretion in the Ai river villagers was 22.1 micrograms/l compared to 72.9 micrograms/l in the Lemanak river villagers (p < 0.0001). Goitrous subjects tended to have lower urinary iodine concentration than non-goitrous subjects. In the males, smoking of tobacco was associated with a two-fold increase in goiter frequency. Despite on-going distribution of iodized salt by the medical and health services in the State, only 23% of the 135 salt samples obtained from the households in the areas contained detectable iodine.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Xmn1 restriction polymorphism of apolipoprotein AI gene and lipoprotein levels in obesity.

The aim of this study was to assess any association between an Xmn1 restriction site polymorphism of the apo AI gene and lipoprotein levels in obesity. A cross sectional study was made of lipid variables in relation to genetic and anthropometric factors in obese people at the Nutrition Outpatient Clinic of Bichat Hospital in Paris, France. The subjects were 97 unrelated French Caucasian subjects (65 women and 32 men) selected on the basis of 20% over-weight. The following main outcome measures were recorded: body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), cholesterol (C) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in serum and lipoproteins (including HDL subfractions), apolipoproteins AI and B, determination of apo AI Xmn1 genotypes. Three alleles, designated X1, X2, X3, could be detected with frequencies 0.84, 0.12, and 0.04 respectively. The X2 carriers had higher concentrations of LpA-I, A-II (HDL particles containing both Apo AI and Apo AII) in the whole group: 0.90 vs 0.77 and 0.72 g/l in X1X1 and X1X3 respectively (P < 0.01). The genotype X1X2 was also associated with higher HDL-C in obese men (0.47 vs 0.36 g/l in X1X1, P < 0.05). In X1X1 women, BMI was positively correlated with serum and VLDL-TG (P < 0.05) and negatively with HDL2-C (P < 0.05), WHR being positively correlated with serum TG (P < 0.05), VLDL-TG (P < 0.01) and negatively with HDL-(P < 0.05) and HDL2-C (P < 0.01). These correlations were not found in subjects carrying the X2 allele.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Influence of apolipoprotein composition of high density lipoprotein particles on cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. Particles containing various proportions of apolipoproteins AI and AII.

The effect of apolipoprotein (apo) composition of high density lipoproteins (HDL) on cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity was studied by measuring the rate of radiolabeled cholesteryl esters transferred between low density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL3 which contained various proportions of apoAI and apoAII. Ultracentrifugally isolated HDL3, which contained virtually only apoAI and apoAII in their protein moiety, were progressively enriched with apoAII upon the incubation with increasing amounts of delipidated HDL apolipoproteins. The substitution of apoAII for apoAI in HDL3 did not induce marked alteration of the lipid composition of the lipoprotein particles. The rates of cholesteryl ester exchanges with LDL in the presence of purified human CETP were significantly reduced with apoAII-enriched HDL3 as compared with non-enriched homologous particles. Consistent results were obtained by determining the rate of cholesteryl esters transferred either from LDL toward HDL3, or in the opposite direction, from HDL3 to LDL. The effect of the apoAI and apoAII content of HDL particles on CETP activity was also investigated by measuring the rate of cholesteryl esters transferred from LDL to plasma HDL3 particles which contained either only apoAI, HDL3-AI, or both apoAI and apoAII, HDL3-AIAII. HDL3-AI and HDL3-AIAII particles were isolated from human plasma by a sequential procedure which combined ultracentrifugation and anti-apoAII immunoaffinity chromatography. As observed with HDL3 artificially enriched with apoAII, cholesteryl ester transfer rates were significantly lower with plasma HDL3-AIAII than with plasma HDL3-AI particles. Kinetic analysis of the interaction of CETP with apoAII-enriched HDL3 revealed that apoAII could act as an uncompetitive inhibitor of the cholesteryl ester transfer reaction. Since the plasma levels of HDL-AI, HDL-AIAII, and HDL-AII may undergo significant physiological fluctuation, the present study suggests that HDL apoproteins may be important factors in modulating cholesteryl ester transfer rates in vivo.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗

PubMed1997

Association between genetic variations of apo AI-CIII-AIV cluster gene and hypertriglyceridemic subjects.

Several studies have suggested that genetic variations of the apolipoprotein (apo) AI-CIII-AIV cluster gene are associated with hyperlipidemia or atherosclerosis. These investigations were carried out mainly with Caucasian groups; there have been few associated studies involving non-Caucasian groups. This study was conducted to elucidate the association between five restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the apo AI-CIII-AIV cluster gene and Korean hypertriglyceridemic subjects. The rare allele frequencies of the XmnI and SstI polymorphic sites in the patients were significantly higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). These two polymorphic sites had relation to linkage disequilibrium in the hypertriglyceridemic subjects (delta = -0.2733). In addition, S2 allele frequency of the SstI RFLP in Koreans was more frequent than that of Caucasians reported previously. The rare allele of XmnI and SstI polymorphic sites was associated with increased triglyceride concentrations in the hypertriglyceridemic group (P <0.005). Koreans have a much lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia than Caucasians. Nevertheless, this study showed a similar trend with results from Caucasian groups, thereby confirming that genetic variations of the apo AI-CIII-AIV cluster gene are likely to be significant markers for hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Thus, RFLP loci of the apo AI-CIII-AIV cluster gene may be a useful genetic marker for clinical or population studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Apolipoprotein AI-CIII, B, and CII gene polymorphisms in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Association with hyperlipemia].

BACKGROUND: Dislipidaemia is an usual feature in patients affected by non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Several studies show that this disease could be genetically determined. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether any of the genetic polymorphism remaining in three apolipoprotein loci (apolipoprotein AI-CIII, B100 and CII) is related with the presence of dislipidaemia in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 53 non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients with less than 5 years evolution and treated only with diet, were included. 86 healthy persons were included as the control group. The lipidic parameters analyzed were: cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein AI, B and lipoprotein (a). The following polymorphic variants were analyzed: RFLP-Sacl of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV cluster, RFLP-Xbal of the apolipoprotein B100 region and the RFLP-Taql of the apolipoprotein E-CI-CII cluster. RESULTS: There were no genetic nor allelic differences in the distribution of the genes, between controls and diabetic patients. Regarding the apolipoprotein CII gen, the diabetic patients with the T2T2 genotype had higher triglyceride levels (p < 0.01) compared with the remaining genotypes and compared with the control group having the same genotype (p < 0.01) matched for sex, age and body mass index. There was no difference in the metabolic parameters' distribution related to the genotypic distribution of the apolipoproteins AI-CIII and B100 genes. CONCLUSIONS: The apolipoprotein CII can be related with the presence of hypertriglyceridaemia in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Apolipoprotein B and AI distributions in the United States, 1988-1991: results of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III).

Serum apolipoproteins (apo) B and AI were measured in a probability sample of the noninstitutionalized US civilian population, ages > or = 4 years, which included non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican-Americans. Apo B concentrations were the same in males and females, lower in black males than in other males, low in childhood (approximately 0.80 g/L) and increasing to approximately 1.2 g/L in adults, and higher in younger women on hormones. Apo AI was higher in females than males, higher in blacks than in others, remained constant from childhood to adulthood (approximately 1.35 g/L) in males, but increased with age (approximately 1.30 g/L to approximately 1.55 g/L) in females, and was higher in women taking hormones. These are the first national probability estimates of apo B and apo AI in the US and are referable to the WHO-IFCC First International Reference Materials for apo AI and B.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma apolipoproteins AI and B: reference values in the Isère population and determination of individual values].

Reference ranges for apolipoprotein AI and B plasma concentrations were established in a population of unrelated apparently healthy volunteers (138 men and 186 women) living in the region of Grenoble. Apolipoproteins were measured using an immunoturbidimetric assay on a Cobas Fara II analyzer, with reagents and IFCC standardized calibrators from Orion. Apolipoprotein AI mean concentration was higher in women than in men and increased with age in both men and women older than 45. Apolipoprotein B mean concentration was higher in men and increased linearly with age in both sexes. Linear regression analysis was used to determine desirable and high risk values for apolipoproteins AI and B from the guidelines developed by the National Cholesterol Education Program for HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, respectively. Our data indicate that an apolipoprotein AI value of 1.05 g/l is comparable to an HDL cholesterol value of 0.35 g/l. The apolipoprotein B cutpoints of 1.15 g/l for men and 1.05 g/l for women correspond to the accepted LDL cholesterol cutpoint of 1.60 g/l.

Adolescent↗