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Results for “Auditory Perceptual Disorders”

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PubMed2007

[Auditory processing disorders : Consensus statement by the German Society for Phoniatry and Paedaudiology].

The consensus statement published by the German Society for Phoniatry and Paedaudiology in the year 2000 has been revised and actualized. The revised version takes into account current scientific and clinical findings. Aspects of the definition of auditory processing disorders (APD) are described extensively. These include symptoms, anamnestic information and diagnostic steps (preliminary examinations, subjective and objective audiological procedures). APD can appear in different forms, some of which can be classified within subtypes. Furthermore, factors which need to be considered in order to differentiate between APD and other diseases are specified. Therapeutic intervention possibilities which are rated according to their prognostic values conclude the article.

Audiology↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The role of genes in the etiology of specific language impairment.

UNLABELLED: Although specific language impairment (SLI) often runs in families, most pedigrees are not consistent with a single defective gene. Before progress can be made in molecular genetics, we need a better understanding of which aspects of SLI are heritable. Twin studies are useful in allowing us to distinguish genetic from environmental influences. This point is illustrated with a study in which twins were given tests of nonword repetition (regarded as an index of phonological short-term memory) and auditory processing. Children with SLI were impaired on both measures, but these deficits had different origins. Auditory processing problems showed no evidence of genetic influence, whereas the nonword repetition deficit was highly heritable. Future genetic studies of SLI may be most effective if they use measures of underlying cognitive processes, rather than relying on conventional psychometric definitions of disorder. LEARNING OUTCOMES: Information in this manuscript will serve to (1) equip readers with an elementary understanding of methods used in molecular genetic studies of language impairment; (2) familiarise readers with the logic of twin studies in behavioural genetics, using both categorical and quantitative methods; (3) illustrate the importance of phenotype definition for genetic research, and the usefulness of genetic methods in illuminating theoretical relationships between deficits associated with SLI; (4) show how genetically informative methods can be used to study environmental as well as genetic influences on impairment.

Alleles↗

PubMed1995

Disorders of auditory identification in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Fifteen patients with probable DAT and 18 matched controls were given tests that required the identification of verbal (phonemes and words) and non verbal (sounds and melodies) stimuli. In all tests, DAT patients made significantly more errors than controls. Errors predominated in non verbal tests in both groups. DAT patients (and, to a lesser degree, control subjects) made almost exclusively acoustic errors in word-identification, while errors in the identification of sounds and melodies could be either semantic or acoustic. Some categories of errors were observed predominantly in DAT patients. These results suggest that, in addition to their cognitive impairment, DAT patients have a specific deficiency of central auditory perception.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Auditory processing abilities in children with previous middle ear effusion.

The present study was designed to determine whether auditory processing disorders are present in children with documented middle ear effusion (MEE) that required surgical treatment. Children with previous MEE and control subjects, in two age groups, were studied using five tests of auditory processing abilities: low-pass filtered speech, staggered spondaic word test, speech in noise, auditory sequential memory, and sound blending. Results found differences in groups at mean age 7 on the filtered speech tests, but no statistical differences were found on any other test at age 7 or on any test at mean age 9. The results indicate that well-managed MEE appears to have no long-term effects on children acquiring this disease.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed2006

Can children with (central) auditory processing disorders ignore irrelevant sounds?

This study investigated the effects of irrelevant sounds on the serial recall performance of visually presented digits in a sample of children diagnosed with (central) auditory processing disorders [(C)APD] and age- and span-matched control groups. The irrelevant sounds used were samples of tones and speech. Memory performance was significantly disrupted in the presence of irrelevant sounds in all three groups of children. While irrelevant speech was more disruptive than irrelevant tones in the two control groups, children diagnosed with (C)APD did not show larger disruption from irrelevant speech compared to irrelevant tones. Children diagnosed with (C)APD appear to process speech differently from their typically developing peers, and this may be remediated with auditory training procedures and the placement of these children in smaller classes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Use of the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory in evaluating patients with severe tinnitus.

The Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) was evaluated as a diagnostic tool for personality disorder among 41 patients with severe tinnitus. Nearly 70 percent of the subjects demonstrated a personality disorder. Nearly half of the patients fell into one of two categories; dependent/submissive or the narcissistic category. Other important features include a high incidence (24%) of severe anxiety. One-third of the patients had a complaint tendency but 50 percent had a denial problem. We have found the MCMI to be easy to administer and evaluate and it provides the clinician with useful information. We believe that more routine use of this or similar instruments would improve the treatment outcome of tinnitus sufferers by bringing into focus the important psychological factors found in each patient.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed2006

Impaired detection of silent interval change in schizophrenia.

The reliably observed reduction in the mismatch negativity response to a change in sound duration in schizophrenia patients may be related to more widespread temporal processing impairments associated with the disorder. This study explored whether individuals with schizophrenia would show electrophysiological evidence of automatic deficits in the ability to detect changes in a regularly repeating interval between two tones. The established pattern was a repeating sequence of a pair of 50-ms tones with a 50-ms silent interval between them. In 8% of pairs, the silent interval between tones was increased to 125 ms. Significant differences in the response to the deviant tone pair in the patient group were consistent with impaired representation of the temporal relationship between sounds.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2001

Disorder in sequential speech perception: a case study on pure word deafness.

We described disorders of a patient which were uniquely restricted to speech perception of syllable sequences after brain damage. The results of series of experiments using syllable sequences showed "negative recency effect," in which the subject's repetition performance at the latter syllable position was remarkably poor. Experimental analyses suggested that the "negative recency effect" could be due to dual factors: the lower rate of processing of speech sounds and the memory load of holding processes of preceding syllables imposed on the succeeding phonological processing. The results also suggested that the holding processes which imposed the memory load on the succeeding auditory phonological coding processing were modality nonspecific.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Speech therapy intervention in comprehension disorders].

INTRODUCTION: Most of the studies conducted on the subject of language pathologies have focused on the expressive aspect, but there is now generalised agreement on considering that most language disorders stem essentially from problems in the processes allowing input of verbal information provided by the environment. DEVELOPMENT: We analyse the processes that take place in a child's mind when faced with verbal production and the communicative intentions of others, in an attempt to understand the nature of their difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehension of oral language brings into play a series of extremely complex processes that combine different domains of higher mental functioning. Speech therapy intervention must ensure it analyses the true extent of the verbal comprehension of each child and attempt to achieve a representation of the levels of alteration involved in the faulty understanding.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed2001

Screening for auditory neuropathy in a school for hearing impaired children.

OBJECTIVE: Hearing loss in children may be due to a wide variety of pathologies. Recently, use of otoacoustic emission technology has led to identification of auditory neuropathy as a distinct hearing disorder. Children with auditory neuropathy require audiological and educational management that may differ from that required by other hearing impaired students. For this reason, screening for auditory neuropathy may be appropriate for children attending schools for the hearing impaired. The study investigated the utility of using otoacoustic emission measures for school screening of hearing impaired children. METHODS: In this study, 81 children aged 6-12 years who attended one school for the deaf were screened for indications of auditory neuropathy. Children found to have consistent otoacoustic emissions were given a full diagnostic audiological test battery. RESULTS: Two children had transient otoacoustic emission results indicating normal outer hair cell function in one or both ears. A follow-up diagnostic assessment for the two positive cases was strongly suggestive of auditory neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for routine auditory neuropathy screening at schools for hearing impaired children.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed1981

Musical functioning, speech lateralization and the amusias.

Amusia is a condition in which musical capacity is impaired by organic brain disease. Music is in a sense a language and closely resembles speech, both executively and receptively. For musical functioning, rhythmic sense and sense of sounds are essential. Musical ability resides largely in the right (non-dominant) hemisphere. Tests have been devised for the assessment of musical capabilities by Dorgeuille, Grison and Wertheim. Classification of amusia includes vocal amusia, instrumental amnesia, musical agraphia, musical amnesia, disorders of rhythm, and receptive amusia. Amusia like aphasia has clinical significance, and the two show remarkable similarities and often co-exist. Usually executive amusia occurs with executive aphasia and receptive amusia with receptive aphasia, but amusias can exist without aphasia. Severely executive aphasics can sometimes sing with text (words), and this ability is used in the treatment of aphasia. As with aphasia, there is correlation between type of amusia and site of lesion. Thus in executive amusia, the lesion generally occurs in the frontal lobe. In receptive amusia, the lesion is mainly in the temporal lobe. If aphasia is also present the lesion will be in the left (dominant) hemisphere.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed2002

Congenital amusia: a disorder of fine-grained pitch discrimination.

We report the first documented case of congenital amusia. This disorder refers to a musical disability that cannot be explained by prior brain lesion, hearing loss, cognitive deficits, socioaffective disturbance, or lack of environmental stimulation. This musical impairment is diagnosed in a middle-aged woman, hereafter referred to as Monica, who lacks most basic musical abilities, including melodic discrimination and recognition, despite normal audiometry and above-average intellectual, memory, and language skills. The results of psychophysical tests show that Monica has severe difficulties with detecting pitch changes. The data suggest that music-processing difficulties may result from problems in fine-grained discrimination of pitch, much in the same way as many language-processing difficulties arise from deficiencies in auditory temporal resolution.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Auditory hypersensitivity in children and teenagers with autistic spectrum disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To verify if the clinical behavior of auditory hypersensitivity, reported in interviews with parents/caregivers and therapists/teachers of 46 children and teenagers suffering from autistic spectrum disorder, correspond to audiological findings. METHOD: The clinical diagnosis for auditory hypersensitivity was investigated by means of an interview. Subsequently, a test of the acoustic stapedial reflex was conducted, and responses to intense acoustic stimulus in open field were observed. RESULTS: Of the 46 subjects, 11 (23.9%) were clinically diagnosed as oversensitive to sound and only 2 showed discomfort when exposed to intense acoustic stimulus in open field. There was no statistically significant difference for the test of the ipsilateral acoustic stapedial reflex between the groups. CONCLUSION: Behavioral manifestations to sounds are not associated to hypersensitivity of the auditory pathways, but instead these are associated to difficulties in the upper processing, involving systems that usually are impaired in autistic spectrum patients, such as the limbic system.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2006

Identification of binaural integration deficits in children with the Competing Words Subtest: standard score versus interaural asymmetry.

The Competing Words Subtest is a commonly used dichotic listening test for assessing binaural integration in children suspected of having an auditory processing disorder. In 124 children, standard scores from the subtest suggested a binaural integration deficit in 23% of the children tested. Because standard scores are derived from the combined scores of both ears during the test, children with normal performance in one ear and weak performance in the other ear may be overlooked. For these children, a measure of interaural asymmetry may be a more sensitive indicator of a binaural integration deficit. When an age-appropriate criterion for interaural asymmetry from the Competing Words Subtest was used, the incidence of a binaural integration deficit increased to 51% of the children tested. Four typical patterns of dichotic listening performance were identified based on results from the two scoring techniques.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed2006

Identification of binaural integration deficits in children with the Competing Words Subtest: standard score versus interaural asymmetry.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed2004

Psychometric evaluation of children with suspected auditory processing disorders (APDs) using a parent-answered survey.

Difficulty with auditory processing in children is of increasing interest but is the subject of some controversy in the literature This paper describes a psychometric evaluation of differences between children with suspected auditory processing disorders (APDs) and a control group, using a parent-answered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 51 items associated with auditory processing as well as speech/language- and behaviour-related areas. It was found that most of the items separated significantly (p<0.01) between the children with suspected APDs and the control group. A factor analysis identified seven components (speech understanding in demanding situations, speech/language abilities, general behavioural issues, reactions to questions and demands, discrimination of speech sounds, musical cues, loudness perception) underlying the contrasts between the two study populations. The examination might serve as a basis for the development of an APD-related questionnaire. However, the validity of such a questionnaire is questionable at present, since APD is not very well specified, and standardized diagnostic tests are lacking.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMed1986

Auditory brain stem responses and nonsense monosyllable perception test findings for patients with auditory nerve and brain stem lesions.

A nonsense monosyllable audiometric test was administered to 15 patients with eighth nerve or brain stem disorders caused by tumor, hemorrhage, encephalitis, and degenerative disease. Auditory brain stem responses (ABR) were abnormal in all patients. ABR abnormalities were defined by the absence of some or all waves or by prolongation of the wave V-I interval. The discrimination scores of the nonsense monosyllables were significantly lower in patients with completely absent ABR, with partial ABR series involving wave I, or with severely prolonged wave V-I intervals (over 3 SD). However, in patients with wave I only or with only moderately prolonged wave V-I intervals (less than 3 SD), test scores were within normal range. It is concluded that: 1. perception of nonsense monosyllables could be, though need not be, affected in patients with brain stem lesions; 2. eighth nerve lesions severely disrupt auditory comprehension as well as perception of nonsense monosyllables.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Effects of growth hormone on cognitive function.

Whether growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and/or treatment in childhood and adolescence influences cognitive outcome in children with GHD or girls with Turner syndrome (TS) is controversial. Previous studies also suggest that quality of life (QoL) is reduced in adults with GHD, particularly in the areas of social isolation and fatigue. Baseline QoL scores were significantly lower in patients with GHD than in the general population of the same age, gender, and nationality. Unfortunately, few data are available describing QoL in children with GHD. TS is a genetic disorder characterized by short stature, gonadal dysgenesis, and a particular neurocognitive profile of normally developed language abilities (particularly verbal intelligence quotients) and impaired visual-spatial and/or visual-perceptual abilities. This study evaluated the effects of GH treatment on neurocognitive function in girls with TS who were enrolled in a long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of GH treatment on final adult height. Treatment duration ranged from 1 to 7 years. The major result of this study was the absence of GH treatment effects on cognitive function in girls with TS. GHD and/or treatment in childhood and adulthood influences cognitive and/or QoL outcomes in some but not all studies. This study did not support a role for GH in influencing the characteristic nonverbal neurocognitive deficits associated with TS. However, evaluation of QoL should be a part of the routine clinical management of patients with GHD or TS.

Adolescent↗