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Results for “BENACTYZINE”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of pharmacological substances on the development of hemorrhagic erosions and on the noradrenaline level in the stomach wall in rats].

Hemorrhagic erosions of the gastric mucosa were produced through electric stimulation of immobilized rats via electrodes stuck into the muscles of the fore-paws. In the experiment there was applied square pulsed current of 5--7 v (per 10 rats) with frequency of 50 Hz and the pulse time of 10 ms. Prior to stimulation the rats received intraperitoneally one of the following drugs: clonidin (0.1 mg/kg), benactyzine (3 mg/kg), etherophen (20 mg/kg), benzohexonium (10 mg/kg), iprazid (100 mg/kg), amphethamine (4 mg/kg), atropine (1 mg/kg), tyrosine (300 mg/kg), aethimizol (10 mg/kg) and orotic acid (10 mg/kg). The animals were sacrificed directly after stimulation and the norepinephrine level in the gastric wall was determined after E. Sh. Matlina and T. B. Rakhmanova (1967). Introduction of clonidin, benacyzine, etherophen, benzohexonium and iprazid to immobilized rats after electric stimulation prevented the development of hemorrhagic erosions and a drop of the norepinephrine level in the gastric wall, whereas amphethamine and tyrosine intensified the process of the erosions development in the gastric mucosa and did not prevent a decline in the norepinephrine level. Atropine and aethimizol had no effect on the findings under study.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Neuromediator mechanisms of regulating immune reactions in schizophrenics].

Eighty patients with paranoid schizophrenia were studied for the cell-mediated (T lymphocytes) and humoral (B lymphocytes, immunoglobins A, M and G) immunity. Using stimulants and blockers of dopaminergic (L-DOPA, haloperidol), serotoninergic (reserpine, deseril), cholinergic (galanthamine, benactyzin) and GABA-ergic (lithium hydroxybutyrate, isoniazid) systems, the authors have established that the dopaminergic system intensifies the immune response while serotoninergic, cholinergic and GABA-ergic systems inhibit it. It is postulated that the effect of neuromediatory systems on the immune responses is reciprocal.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Role of the GABA- and cholinergic systems in the formation of a dissociated state to an antioxidant of the 3-hydroxypyridine class].

The experiments on rats have shown that the elaboration of conditioned drinking reflex in T-maze during administration of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine antioxidant with an anti-stress effect was accompanied by the development of state dependent learning. However, its formation was slower, as compared to state dependent learning in response to the known psychotropic drugs. The replacing test with the injection of bicuculline, picrotoxin, Ca valproate, Ro-15-1788, benactyzine, Cleregil, etc. during state dependent learning made it possible to establish the role of GABA and cholinergic systems in the formation of state dependent learning and in the development of disorders in emotional behavioural reactions after long-term administration and withdrawal of 3-hydroxypyridine.

Aggression↗

PubMed1988

Reversal of inhibition of prolactin secretion in cultured pituitary cells by muscarinic antagonists.

We investigated whether the inhibition of prolactin secretion from pituitary cells by carbachol, a cholinergic agonist resistant to hydrolysis by cholinesterases, would be a useful bioassay to explore an important nonneuronal action of antimuscarinic agents. Carbachol inhibited prolactin secretion from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner with a mean IC50 of 1.5 +/- 0.6 (S.E.) microM and maximal inhibition at 10(-5) M. Prolactin levels in media were significantly reduced by 30 min of incubation with carbachol. This inhibition persisted for 24 hr and was reversed by 2 microM atropine. The stimulation of prolactin secretion by 10(-6) M thyrotropin releasing hormone (to 1.5 times control) was inhibited by the addition of carbachol (10(-5) M). Addition of atropine (2 microM) to these agents restored maximal stimulation by thyrotropin releasing hormone. The inhibition of carbachol by atropine was competitive, whereas the inhibition of thyrotropin releasing hormone by carbachol was noncompetitive. The apparent affinities (Ki) of several antimuscarinic agents in pituitary cells were determined by their ability to reverse the carbachol inhibition of prolactin secretion: atropine 0.14 nM, scopolamine 0.26 nM, azaprophen 0.3 nM, aprophen 3.0 nM, pirenzepine 42 nM, benactyzine 80 nM and adiphenine 198 nM. These potencies correlated positively with those previously determined for inhibition of alpha amylase secretion from pancreatic acinar cells as well as with those for behavioral depressant actions of the antimuscarinics. Cultured anterior pituitary cells thus provide an effective system for testing the relative potencies of muscarinic antagonists in pituitary cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Features of affective disorders in patients with vascular parkinsonism].

Depression and anxiety were revealed in 40 of 56 patients with vascular parkinsonism; irritability up to dysphoria was observed in 29 patients. The treatment included administration of DOPA drugs (nakom and madopar) and cholinolytics (benactyzin, methylbenactyzin). No clear-cut correlation was found between the severity of neurological and affective disorders either before or during the treatment. Reduction in depression was greater following treatment with DOPA drugs while irritability showed a better response to cholinolytics. The results of therapy have allowed the conclusion that affective disturbances in parkinsonism can not be considered as a mere psychogenic reaction to a severe disabling disease but appear to be accounted for by the pathogenesis of the disease itself, in particular, by disorders in monoamine metabolism.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of the caudate nucleus head in delayed spatial preference and differentiation of trace reflexes in Macaca mulatta].

Using phase-correlation analysis, electrical stimulation and pharmacological treatment (Benactyzine), changes in functional importance of the head of n. caudatus have been observed which were related to regulation needs for the delayed spatial preference and differentiation of temporal reflexes. Structural elements of any morpho-functional system are not determined constantly by one and the same functional importance. They may change their functional quality with respect to changes in experimental situation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Muscarin-sensitive cholinoreactive systems in the respiratory center].

Muscarinic cholinergic drugs (arecoline, oxotremorine) which can easily overcome the blood-brain barrier inhibit the action potentials of the phrenic nerve in anesthetized or decerebrate curarized cats after a selective blockade of peripheral muscarinic cholinoreceptors with quaternary anticholinergic drugs (oxyphenonium, benzilycholine). These inhibitory effects are abolished by drugs blocking the central muscarinic cholinoreceptors (atropine, scopolamine, benactyzine). This suggests the existence of muscarinic cholinoreceptive neurons in the respiratory center of the cerebral ponto-bulbar region, the said neurons inhibiting the activity of the inspiratory motonerons.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

[Influence of psychotropic substances on elaboration of a defensive conditioned reflex in experimental neurosis].

Neurosis resulting in alteration of the motor-defense conditioned reflex development occurred in rats subjected to a long-term action of a negative-emotional factor--neighbour-rat's reaction to pain. Benactyzine, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and sodium hydroxybutyrate improved the formation of defense conditioned reflex during this form of neurosis. Trioxazin, trifluoperazine, and amphetamine produced no such effect. The proposed model of experimental neurosis can be used to reveal the tranquilizing activity of psychotropic drugs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the arrhythmogenic activity of adrenergic and cholinergic agents in calcium chloride arrhythmia].

Under conditions prevailing in an experimental chlorocalcium arrhythmia in rats an anti-arrhythmic action of the sympatholytic-rausedyl, the gamma-adrenolytic-dihydroergo toxin, the beta-adrenolytic--obsidan, the M-cholinolytics--atropine and benactyzine was ascertained. The N-cholinolytics tropacin and hexamethonium had no effect on the parameters and the outcome of the chlorocalcium arrhythmia, whereas the M-cholinomimetic-- carbacholine potentiated the arrhythmogenic action of calcium chloride. The mechanism of the chlorocalcium arrhythmia development the authors attribute to an intensified discharge of epinephrine from the functional depot of the sympathetic nerve endings and to sensitization of the alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors of the myocardium to the mediator. In the genesis of arrhythmia the participation of M-cholinoreceptors of the myocardium is presumed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the cholinergic system in footshock-induced mouse aggression.

The influence of cholinomimetics and cholinolytics on the aggressive behavior of mice was examined in the footshock-induced fighting (FSIF) test. Pilocarpine, arecoline, physostigmine, oxotremorine and choline chloride were found to potentiate aggression, while anticholinergics - scopolamine, atropine, benactyzine - suppressed aggressive behavior. Studies on the interaction between catecholaminomimetics and cholinergic drugs in the FSIF test suggest that the catecholaminergic and cholinergic systems interact in steering mouse aggression in the behavioral model under examination.

Aggression↗

PubMed1994

Treatment of intoxication with GV compound in laboratory rats.

Changes of some physiological functions in rats were studied following intoxication with new type of highly toxic organophosphate GV [2-dimethylaminoethyl-(dimethylamido)-fluorophosphate] in doses of 2x and 4x LD50 i.m. The intoxication has begun with increasing motoric activity followed by increased salivation, rumination and bristling. Tachypnoe and fasciculations followed by convulsions and death were observed later. Therapy of intoxication with GV compound (in dose of 2x LD50) in rats demonstrated the best antidotal effect of combination of benactyzine, atropine and HI-6. In GV intoxication in higher doses (4x LD50), therapeutic efficacy (survival of experimental animals) was limited for 24 hours. HI-6 can be therefore considered as potentially universal reactivator for the treatment of nerve agents intoxication.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

[Influence of psychotropic substances on the self stimulation response].

D-amphetamine and cocaine were found to facilitate septal self-stimulation. In low doses morphine, imipramine, benactyzine, meprobamat, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, phenobarbital, LSD-25 failed to influence this index, but in high doses they depressed the self-stimulation. It is supposed that d-amphetamine and cocaine exerted a direct stimulating action of the positive reinforcement system of the septum. Inefficiency of the other above-mentioned agents was due to the absence of the nervous substrate of negative reinforcement at the septum level. A comparative study of the above results and the influence of neurotropic agents on the hypothalamic self-stimulation (literature data) indicated that the activating effect of psychotropic agents on the systems of positive reinforcement depended upon their influence on the emotiogenic brain structures and not on the structures responsible for the formation of motivations.

Amphetamine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The toxicological characteristics of the interaction of cholinolytics with aminostigmine--a new reversible cholinesterase inhibitor].

This investigation has been carried out on albino mice. In the first series of experiments, we determined the dependence of LD50 of aminostigmine on different doses of 10 cholinolytics, and conversely, the dependence of LD50 of cholinolytics on aminostigmine administration. The initial slopes of the dose-effect curves were calculated. This data form the basis for evaluation of the character and degree of interactions. We established that benactyzine, spasmolytin, ftoracizin, arpenal, atropine, ganglerone, and methacin at low doses exhibit antagonism (with decreasing activity), whereas at high doses they exhibit synergism to the toxic effect of aminostigmine. In the interaction with aminostigmine, pirenzepine and amitriptyline (M1--cholinolytics) reveal a slightly pronounced antagonism, whereas aetyrophene, a selective central N-cholinolytic, displays mutual synergism. In the second series of experiments we showed that a combination of M1-, M2-cholinolytic atropine with M1- cholinolytics does not change the efficacy of the prophylaxis of aminostigmine and physostigmine poisoning, whereas a combination with N-cholinolytic increases it.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of pharmacologic substances on the avoidance reflex in a group experiment on rats].

It has been established that the avoidance reflex is disturbed in rats when performed in the presence of a group of non-learned rats. The degree of the disturbance depends on the number of non-learned animals present and the extent if their emotional excitation. Tranquilizers: diazepam, chlordiazepoxide and benactyzine; neuroleptics: chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine and galoperidol; antidepressants: amitriptilin and imipramine in certain doses, while improving the avoidance reflex in the presence of a group of excited rats, do not affect the disturbance of avoidance in the presence of a group of calm rats. It has been assumed that these drugs prevent the appearance of emotional excitation in learned animals in response to that in the non-learned animals surrounding them.

Animals↗

PubMed1963