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PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental evaluation of four methods of progressive venous attenuation in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the most effective and reliable method for progressive attenuation of single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: The effects of the four treatments on femoral vein diameter and histology were compared with controls. ANIMALS: Fourteen healthy adult dogs. METHODS: Twenty-eight canine femoral veins were subjected to sham surgery (4), partial attenuation using silk (5), cellophane banding (6), ameroid constrictor implantation (5), and intravascular thrombogenic coils (8). Changes in vein diameter were evaluated at weekly intervals using venography. After 6 weeks, the dogs were humanely euthanatized, and histopathology was performed on the femoral veins. RESULTS: Only cellophane and ameroid constrictors produced progressive and permanent vein attenuation. Ameroid constrictors produced complete occlusion within 14 days in four of five veins and by 21 days in the fifth vein. Cellophane banding produced slow progressive (but not complete) attenuation in five of six veins. Complete occlusion was demonstrated in four of eight veins after thrombogenic coil implantation; however, recanalization occurred in all but one dog. Perivascular silk did not produce significant progressive attenuation. CONCLUSIONS: Ameroid constrictors produced rapid occlusion of femoral veins. Cellophane banding resulted in slower attenuation. Thrombogenic coils produced attenuation, but this was not sustained in many cases. Silk did not promote ongoing attenuation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Both ameroid constrictor implantation and cellophane banding show promise for progressive attenuation of single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs. Because rapid occlusion was seen with ameroid constrictors, however, cellophane banding maybe a safer technique in animals with increased hepatic vascular resistance. Further evaluation of both treatments in clinical cases is warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of lactophenol cotton blue stain for detection of eggs of Enterobius vermicularis in perianal surface samples.

A lacto-phenol cotton blue (LPCB) stain for detecting eggs of Enterobius vermicularis in perianal surface samples was evaluated prospectively. Two hundred children treated in the paediatrics ward and outpatients department of Jipmer Hospital in Pondicherry were studied. From each child two anal surface samples were collected by Scotch cellophane tape method. One cellophane tape containing anal surface samples was pressed against surface of the glass slide containing a drop of LPCB while another cellophane tape was placed on a clean glass slide without adding any LPCB. Both the specimens from each child were examined by microscopy for presence of the eggs of the parasite. The anal samples collected from 50 children were positive for the eggs of E. vermicularis--48 were detected by cellophane tape using LPCB and 36 by cellophane tape method without using any LPCB. Using LPCB stain, naturally transparent and colourless eggs of the parasites were stained deep blue which facilitated their easy detection and accurate identification in routine microscopy. We therefore recommend Scotch cellophane tape using LPCB as a simple, rapid, inexpensive and overall more sensitive method for detecting E. vermicularis eggs in anal surface samples for diagnosis of enterobiasis in children.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2006

The study of drug permeation through natural membranes.

In this study, natural membranes such as the outer membrane of Prunus persica (peach) and Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), the inner layer of the egg of Gallus domesticus (hen) and the middle membrane of the Allium cepa (onion) were used as controlling barriers for permeation of some model drugs with different MW and lipophilicities. Drug permeation studies were done by using modified Franz diffusion cell. The permeation of drugs through these natural membranes was compared to permeation of them through human skin and synthetic cellophane membrane. Results showed that the rate and amount of diclofenac permeated through onion membrane was not significantly different from that with tomato (p>0.17), egg (p>0.29) and human skin (p>0.93). Permeation of diclofenac through tomato skin and cellophane was not significantly different (p>0.35). Permeation of diclofenac through all studied membranes except for human skin that follows the Fickian kinetic followed non-Fickian mechanism and their permeabilities were not significantly different from each other (p>0.05). Permeation of metronidazole through onion membrane and tomato skin were not significantly different from human skin (p>0.053 and 0.38, respectively). All membranes were significantly different from each other (p<0.0001) for permeation of erythromycin as a relatively large molecular weight and lipohilic molecule through human skin and other studied membranes. Permeation of diclofenac through human skin and metronidazole through egg and tomato skin followed Fick's first law. Diffusion of diclofenac through onion, tomato, egg, cellophane, and peach; metronidazole through onion, peach, cellophane, and human skin, and erythromycin through all studied membranes followed non-Fickian mechanism for diffusion. Statistical analysis showed the most similarity between onion and human skin for diclofenac, tomato and human skin for metronidazole, onion and cellophane for erythromycin.

Animals↗