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PubMed2000

Comparison of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests for detection of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) immunoglobulin M.

A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of Q fever (PanBio Coxiella burnetii immunoglobulin M [IgM] ELISA, QFM-200) was compared to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for C. burnetii IgM and the complement fixation test (CFT). The ELISA demonstrated 92% agreement with the reference method (IFAT), and gave a sensitivity of 99% (69 of 70 samples) and a specificity of 88% (106 of 121). Specificity can be increased with confirmation by IFAT. CFT was found to have a specificity of 90% (107 of 119), although it was lacking in sensitivity (73%; 51 of 70). No cross-reactivity was observed in the ELISA with serum samples from patients with mycoplasma (n = 6), chlamydia (n = 5), or legionella (n = 4) infections, although 2 of 5 patients with leptospirosis and 1 of 4 samples containing rheumatoid factor (RF) demonstrated positive results in the ELISA. Results indicate that the performance of the PanBio C. burnetii (Q fever) IgM ELISA (F = 187) is superior to that of CFT (F = 163), and consequently the ELISA should be a useful aid in the diagnosis of acute Q fever.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

[Study of the outcome of pregnancy in sheep with positive serologic reactions to toxoplasmosis according to the complement fixation test].

Studied were five flocks of 240 sheep each. It was found that prior to impregnation the positive complement-fixation test (c. f. test) reagents varied from 16 to 61 per cent with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1:10. Abortions, however, were established only in two of the flocks consisting of young sheep, aged 3 and 4 years, at the first or second lambing. The abortions took place in the fourth month of pregnancy. In one of these flocks having 43 per cent positive reagents there were 40 per cent returns, and 28 of the ewes miscarried, 12 of them being positive for toxoplasmosis. In the second flock there were 61 per cent positive reagents, and 9 of the ewes miscarried, 5 of them being positive for toxoplasmosis. In the remaining three flocks consisting of 5-year-old sheep there were no abortions. The ewes that miscarried and were positive for toxoplasmosis showed a rise in their serum titers: from 1:40 on the 15th day after the abortion to 1:80 on the 30th day. It is believed that in these sheep the abortions are not due to toxoplasmosis, and in sheep flocks with a high percent of positive toxoplasmosis reagnets there may not be abortions.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of a microtitration complement-fixation test and a tube latex agglutination test for diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae swine pneumonia.

Comparison of a tube latex agglutination (LA) test and a microtitration complement-fixation (CF) test for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae swine pneumonia was done. In a group of 107 pigs from Iowa, Texas, and California (survey A), correlation of data on microscopic pulmonary changes with the LA and CF titers indicated the LA test might be a better indicator of microscopic lesions than the CF test. In another field study involving lungs from 50 pigs from various herds (survey B), both LA and CF test results predicted gross lesions at a 0.01 significance level, using chi-square analysis. Data from 3 Nebraska swine herds (survey C) indicated good correlation of gross and microscopic pulmonic lesions with CF and LA test results in 2 of the 3 herds. In the 3rd herd, results of the CF test failed to agree with either gross and microscopic pulmonic lesions or culture results, whereas LA test results closely correlated with these variables. Chi-square analysis at 0.5 significance level of 106 pigs from 5 Iowa specific-pathogen-free herds (survey D) indicated a correlation of CF and LA test results with the microscopic pulmonic changes of penmates.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Detection of Campylobacter antibodies in sheep sera by a Dot-ELISA using acid extracts from c. fetus ssp. fetus and c. jejuni strains and comparison with a complement fixation test.

In this study, a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) was evaluated in comparison with a complement fixation test (CFT) for the detection of Campylobacter antibodies in sheep sera. Acid glycine extracts (AGE) of both Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and Campylobacter jejuni strains that had been isolated from the gall-bladder of slaughtered sheep was used as antigen in both tests. A total of 153 sheep sera from aborted (74) and slaughtered (79) sheep were examined by both Dot-ELISA and CFT. Twenty-two sera showed anti-complementary activity were not suitable for CFT. Of the 22 sera showing anti-complementary activity, two sera were found to be positive in Dot-ELISA. Eighty-eight (67.2%) of the remaining 131 sera were negative by both Dot-ELISA and CFT using AGE of both Campylobacter strains whereas 43 sera (32.8%) gave different reaction patterns in Dot-ELISA and CFT with the extracts of both Campylobacter strains. Twelve sera were positive by both tests using AGE of C. fetus ssp. fetus but CFT failed to detect antibodies in nine of these sera when AGE of C. jejuni was used. Twelve sera were positive by both tests only when AGE of C. fetus ssp. fetus was used. Eleven sera were positive only by CFT. Seven of these reacted only with the AGE of C. fetus ssp. fetus and four sera were positive by using AGE of both Campylobacter strains. The remaining eight sera were found to be positive only by dot-immunobinding assay either with the AGE of both Campylobacter strains or with the AGE of one of the Campylobacter strains. It is concluded that Dot-ELISA using AGE from C. fetus ssp. fetus could be employed for the detection of Campylobacter antibodies in sheep sera and the additional use of AGE from C. jejuni as antigen appeared not to be profitable for this purpose.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of complement fixation test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of early infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

The relative merits of the complement-fixation test (CF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of the early antibody response to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were evaluated. Discriminant analysis, a statistical procedure, was used to avoid difficulties associated with variation in background color and nonspecific reactions obtained with ELISA with different sera. Specific-pathogen-free pigs were exposed by contact to other specific-pathogen-free pigs which had been inoculated with M hyopneumoniae intratracheally (experiment A) or intranasally (experiment B) 18 to 21 days previously. Sera were collected from each pig before contact exposure and once a week until necropsy. Antibodies were detected by CF at postexposure (PE) week 3 in animals in experiment A (6 of 18) and at PE week 5 in experiment B (3 of 12). The ELISA antibodies were detected at 2 weeks after beginning of contact exposure in experiments A (4 of 18) and B (1 of 12). Examination of pooled data for experiments A and B indicated that ELISA was substantially (P less than 0.05) more sensitive for detection of antibodies than was the CF test at 3 to 5 weeks after contact exposure began. At PE weeks 6 and 7, both tests were similarly effective in detecting M hyopneumoniae antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

A new whole-scolex complement-fixation test for hydatid disease.

The sensitivity of indirect agglutination tests for the diagnosis of human hydatid disease, although high, is not sufficient. Furthermore, the general use of hydatid fluid as antigen is responsible for some false positive reactions. Scolex extracts have been shown to increase specificity, but less attention has been paid to whole-scolex antigens. The author describes a new whole-scolex complement-fixation test that, like other scolex tests, is more specific than tests using fluid antigen. Its sensitivity is at least equal to that of the hydatid fluid latex-agglutination test, and is higher than that of the fluorescent-antibody, the scolex extract latex, and the hydatid fluid complement-fixation tests.The new test is also of interest since particulate antigens are uncommon, compared with soluble antigens, in complement-fixation techniques.

Antigens↗
PubMed2001

Sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation test for detection of cattle persistently infected with Anaplasma marginale.

The complement fixation (CF) test commonly is used to identify cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale prior to interstate or international movement. Estimates of the accuracy of the CF test in detecting animals persistently infected with A. marginale vary widely. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of the CF test for detection of carrier animals was determined using serum from 232 cattle previously defined as A. marginale positive or negative by nested polymerase chain reaction methods and hybridization. Considering results from 2 independent laboratories and interpreting a 1:5 suspect reaction as positive, the best estimate of CF test sensitivity was 20%, with a specificity of 98%. Using a 1:10 cutoff, sensitivity decreased to 14% and specificity increased to 99%. Results of this study indicate that the CF test is ineffective for identifying cattle persistently infected with A. marginale and thus is inadequate for anaplasmosis regulatory and surveillance programs.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1980

[Complement fixation test act in the diagnosis of mucosal disease-virus diarrhea in cattle].

Experiments were made to obtain a highly active antigen for the complement-fixation test, using purification and concentration with methyl alcohol in a cell culture suspension of the causative agent of mucous disease-virus diarrhea. It was established that the CF test was sufficiently rapid and specific in the diagnosis of the disease in cattle. It proved instrumental in detecting complement-fixing antibodies in diseased and survived cattle, in calves with a latent infection and in cows with abortions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A complement fixation test for visceral leishmaniasis using homologous parasite antigen II. Results in an endemic area in Kenya.

Further studies of the complement fixation test using homologous parasite antigen in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis have showed that 82% of individuals with proven visceral leishmaniasis were positive initially whilst 92% were positive at some stage during their illness. Titres fell slowly following effective treatment and anticomplementary activity, confined to confirmed visceral leishmaniasis, was usually lost during treatment. Individuals with alternative causes of hepatosplenomegaly from the same population were negative apart from those with a presumptive diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis but without parasitological confirmation. Less than 1% of people in the same endemic area without visceral leishmaniasis were positive, suggesting that preliminary serodiagnostic investigation would limit the need for invasive investigation under field conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a microtitration complement-fixation test for diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens.

A direct microtitration complement-fixation (CF) test was developed for diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. CF titers were demonstrated three weeks postinoculation in chickens inoculated intratracheally with M. gallisepticum. The direct microtitration CF test appeared comparable to the hemagglutination-inhibition test in sensitivity and specificity. Addition of fresh chicken serum to lyophilized guinea pig complement (GPC') was not necessary to enhance fixaton of GPC' by the immune complex of M. gallisepticum CF antigen and chicken MG antibodies. Attempts to use this CF test in detecting antibodies against Mycoplasma synoviae in chickens failed because the M. synoviae CF antigen was often anticomplementary and nonspecific.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the complement fixation test (CFT) for the serodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

Complement fixation and ELISA tests were carried out on 8772 bovine sera. Results showed that ELISA titres were, on average, approximately sixteen times higher than the corresponding C.F. titres. The specificity of ELISA appeared comparable to that of the C.F.T. There was no evidence to show that the ELISA could detect infection earlier than the C.F.T.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Anticomplementarity in complement-fixation test with soluble antigens of the spotted fever group rickettsiae.

Anticomplementarity occurring in the complement-fixation (CF) test with soluble antigens of rickettsiae of the spotted fever (SF) group is caused by interaction of soluble antigens with guinea pig sera serving as the source of complement. The serum factor responsible for anticomplementarity is thermostable and cannot be removed by treatment of guinea pig serum with CO2 or nitrogen. An adverse effect of such serum was also observed upon its mixing with other guinea pig sera lacking anticomplementarity properties. An anticomplementarity factor present in the soluble rickettsial antigens was sensitive to treatment with potassium periodate.

Animals↗