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PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood concentrations of immunoglobulins in children with vitamin A deficiency].

The object of this study is to measure the influence that vitamin A has upon seric concentrations of different isotypes of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA) in children with a normal nutritional state or a slightly subnormal one, as well as that of patients with lower respiratory infections. Fifty two children were studied over a period of 24 months. Twenty eight of these were from an orphanage, while 24 were hospitalized, due to a low respiratory infection. The patients with lower respiratory infection showed normal average concentration of vitamin A, but under that of the orphanage (p less than 0.025). It was also observed that malnutrition influences the seric concentrations of immunoglobulins, which were higher in normal individuals; never the less, when this group show deficiency of vitamin A the serum concentration of IgM became lower in the orphanage, malnutrition children. In a similar way, a lowering of IgG was observed in patients with lower respiratory infections and vitamin A deficiency, while no alterations were found in the serum concentration of IgG in any of the groups studied with vitamin deficiency. It is concluded that the concentrations of vitamin A and the nutritional state modify serum values of IgM and IgG.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1990

[Morbidity and physical development of children's homes residents].

The data on morbidity and physical development of 647 children of preschool age from six children's homes of general type are provided. It was found that with age the number of children who come under I and II groups of health is decreasing and those who come under III and IV groups of health are increasing in number. The indices of physical development of these children are below the regional standards. On the average the physical development of these children is delayed approximately by one year. Health-promoting activities for children raised in children's preschool homes should include the follow-up by specialists, the optimization of general and motor regimen, proper nutrition.

Body Height↗
PubMed1989

[The course of protracted reactive depression in young children].

Clinical-dynamic and catamnestic techniques were used to study 34 children with protracted reactive depression developed as a response to their maladaptation to the nursing house conditions. The following stages of the disease were singled out: I, acute affective-shock responses; II, subacute reactive depression; III, protracted polymorphic depressive-neurotic state; IV, regress of the disease, compensation; V, post-reactive++ state, the outcome of the psychogenic disorders. The psychopathological and psychological characterization of each stage was performed. Some of the "background" factors appeared as determinants of the course and outcome of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

HBsAg carrier rate among institutionalised children from Phyathai Institute.

To identify the evidence supporting the horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus, HBsAg carrier rate among institutionalised children is determined and compared to children of the same age-group from the well baby clinic, Ramathibodi hospital. The results of this study show that HBsAg is detected four times more frequently in institutionalised children than in children from a well baby clinic. The chance of becoming an HBsAg carrier increases with age and duration of stay in the institution. Repeated study one year later shows that the HBsAg carrier rate among the same group of institutionalised children had increased by 35 per cent. The evidence supports the hypothesis that hepatitis B virus can be transmitted nonparenterally. To prevent this mode of transmission in both institutions and the community, hepatitis B vaccine should be given to these children.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1985

The effectiveness of Nissen fundoplication in neurologically impaired children with gastroesophageal reflux.

Fifty-seven of 101 Nissen fundoplications during the 4-year period, July 1979 to July 1983, were performed on neurologically impaired children. Mean age at the time of surgery was 5.9 years (range 1 month to 22 years). Indications for operation included: persistent vomiting, 57 patients (100%); failure to thrive, 49 patients (86%); repeated episodes of pneumonia, 49 patients (86%); esophagitis, 18 patients (32%); hiatal hernia, 14 patients (25%); episodes of apnea, 10 patients (18%); and esophageal stricture, six patients (10%). Forty-six of the 57 patients had previously failed a standard trial of nonsurgical management. Gastroesophageal reflux was documented by barium esophagograms in 51/56 patients (91%), chalasia scans in 28/32 patients (88%), esophagitis or stricture at endoscopy in 21/23 patients (91%), and acid reflux on pH monitoring in 13/16 patients (80%). Operative management included gastrostomy in 55 of the 57 patients and this was permanent in 50. Gastrostomies had previously been performed in nine patients but had failed to provide a reliable method of enteral feeding because of chronic reflux and aspiration. The surgical complication rate was 12%. Intraoperative esophageal perforation occurred in two patients, splenic tear in one, hepatic vein laceration in one, and a tight wrap in one. After surgery, bowel obstruction from adhesions developed in one patient and a midgut volvulus in another. Five of the children have died, none from causes related to the surgical procedure. Clinical and radiologic follow-up evaluations of all survivors have been done, with a mean follow-up of 3 years. In four patients the repair was felt to be inadequate. One patient had an esophageal stricture and three had recurring episodes of pneumonia. Three children showed radiologic evidence of persistent reflux, but only two were symptomatic. Two patients required a second antireflux procedure for reflux and are now free of symptoms. Nissen fundoplication appears to be a safe and beneficial procedure in neurological impaired children. Long-term follow-up evaluation of these patients showed satisfactory growth as well as a significant decrease in pulmonary disease associated with aspiration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiology of streptococcal pyoderma in an orphanage community of a tropical country.

A group of 89 children residing in an orphanage, situated about 12 km from Vellore town, Tamil Nadu, India, were surveyed for streptococcal pyoderma, every month, from October 1976 through to December 1978. The prevalence rate of pyoderma as defined by the isolation of group A streptococci (GAS) was 10.1% with monthly variations from 2.1% to 17.1%. Three meteorological data, namely, temperature, humidity and rainfall did not show any significant relationship with seasonal patterns of pyoderma. However, a hot and humid climate, prevalent for most of the year in Vellore, may be linked to the endemicity of this condition. Studies performed on a limited number of GAS strains showed a variety of M types in the lesions. During this survey, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) was not detected. In one child, a moderate albuminuria was observed; this resolved subsequently. We attest that an active surveillance of detection and treatment of pyoderma in a highly susceptible population plays an important role in the prevention of PSGN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of overweight children with trisomy 21.

Mean weights for 5-cm stature intervals for three groups of children with trisomy 21 were compared with those for a group of nonretarded children. Children with trisomy 21 had statistically significant larger mean weights beginning at statures of 105 to 110 cm for boys and at 95 to 100 cm for girls and at most larger statures analyzed. These statures were typical of 4- to 6-year-old children with trisomy 21. Children with trisomy 21 living in institutions tended to have larger mean weights for each stature interval than did those reared at home. Differences between the trisomy 21 and nonretarded groups were greater for girls than for boys.

Adolescent↗