SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Cognitive Training”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Analyses of cognitive processes in train traffic control.

The study of complex information processing and problem-solving situations in practice is discussed, in particular the methods of analysing the cognitive aspects in train dispatcher's work. Some parallels are drawn with related work in processing industries. A prerequisite for the approach to the issue was that the results would have to yield very concrete starting-points for the design of technical aids. The research started from the assumption that it would be extremely difficult to derive design indications from apparently observable actions of the train dispatchers. This led to the choice of a combination of a preliminary simulation study followed by analysis of cognitive processes in the train dispatcher's behaviour in every day practice. It turned out to be helpful for the analysis to draw parallels between the cognitive processes in the behaviour of the train dispatchers and the way of working/thinking shown by test subjects in complex problem-solving experiments.

Cognition↗

PubMed2001

Out-patient behaviour therapy in alcoholism: impact of personality disorders and cognitive impairments.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether alcoholic patients with comorbid personality disorders and those with cognitive impairments would benefit in a different way from different behaviour therapy strategies. METHOD: After detoxification, 120 alcoholics were assigned randomly to one of three out-patient treatment programmes comprising 'coping skills training', 'cognitive behaviour therapy' or unspecific supportive control therapy. Personality disorders and cognitive impairments were assessed at the beginning of the 6-month treatment period. RESULTS: The impact of concomitant personality disorders or cognitive impairments was generally only moderate and mainly independent from treatment condition. However, alcoholic patients relapsing within 6 months after detoxification showed a higher rate of personality disorders (especially antisocial and borderline) and slightly more cognitive deficits (especially in verbal memory and visuomotor functions) than abstainers even before therapy. CONCLUSION: The high amount of early relapses and drop-outs probably hindered larger differentiated treatment effects. Hypotheses will be retested in treatment completers using forthcoming follow-up data.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1998

[Computer assisted training of attention and concentration with healthy children].

The intention of this study was to analyze in how far a computer assisted training for brain damaged adults can be used for the practice with children. Healthy children of different ages were trained with this attention and concentration programme. The results should help to adapt the training programme for the use in brain damaged children. Age-groups differed significantly in level of performance. Data showed that in comparison to Kindergarten-children, first-grade children showed a higher benefit from the training. Implications for modifications of the training-programme are discussed. Other parameter of performance (reaction-time, errors) in relation to school age provide clues to the distribution of structure of difficulty in the programmes. A questionnaire assessing motivation before and during the training, intelligibility of the task, feasibility of the computer and adequacy of the test in children showed that sustained motivation can be achieved provided the training is used in an adaptive way. Thereby demotivating with too easy tasks as well as frustration caused by difficult tasks can be avoided. In general, there was good acceptance of the computerised cognitive training. The presence of a therapist during every training session proved to be necessary in children under the age of 6 years.

Attention↗

PubMed2004

Treatment of cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.

Most people with severe and persistent psychiatric disorders have significant cognitive deficits. Both schizophrenia and affective disorders with psychosis are associated with problems in attention, memory, and executive functioning. These deficits are predictive of lower work status, impairments in social skills, and poorer response to psychosocial skills training. Cognitive impairment makes it difficult for individuals to benefit from focused skills interventions that they are offered. This article describes behavioral treatments available to address cognitive dysfunction in individuals with psychiatric disorders. The evidence for efficacy is reviewed and recommendations are made for ways to begin addressing cognitive impairment in mainstream psychiatric practice.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗

PubMed1997

[Tension-type headache--diagnosis and therapy].

According to the classification of the International Headache Society, an episodic and a chronic form of tension-type headache are distinguished. In most cases the headache is less severe than in migraine patients. For this reason many patients never consult their doctor. In the treatment of such patients, one must be very cautious with analgesics. There is a considerable risk of chronic use of these medications, which may be the cause of a chronic daily headache. Relaxation techniques and cognitive training have been shown to be helpful. Most experts consider amitriptyline to be the best long-term medication.

Analgesics↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of sensorimotor training in children with ADHD.

Reduced ability to regulate motor behavior seems to be an essential aspect of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and may reflect deficits in behavioral response inhibition. In this respect, pragmatic clinical experience over the last two decades, in daily practice, training of motor control has played an important role within multimodal treatment approaches, although an adequate proof of its efficacy is still lacking. Therefore, to examine the efficacy of sensorimotor training, 12 children with ADHD (two groups of six) were treated with both sensorimotor training and (as control) cognitive behavioral training using a within-subject cross-over design. Each treatment had a duration of 4 months (20 sessions), yielding a total of 40 sessions for the completed cross-over design. Results showed that Sensorimotor Training improved sensorimotor coordination slightly, while Cognitive Behavioral Training ameliorated cognitive impulse control. Hyperactivity and anxious-depressive/aggressive behavior were markedly reduced by Sensorimotor Training but not by Cognitive Behavioral Training. In conclusion, a combined treatment may be recommended since compensation and regulation of inhibitory deficits in ADHD come into play within the framework of both kinds of training.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2004

[Cognitive remediation and work therapy in the outpatient treatment of patients with schizophrenia].

In the present paper, we describe a behavioral rehabilitation program for patients with schizophrenia. The program combines vocational rehabilitation with cognitive training, thereby addressing two of the hallmark impairments of this chronic disorder. In addition to targeting these two types of impairments, we also wished to investigate the impact of one on the other. Specifically, previous research has suggested that cognitive impairments may serve as rate-limiters in the psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia. Our intent was to investigate whether specifically addressing and remediating these cognitive deficits would in turn lead to superior outcomes in vocational rehabilitation. Following a detailed description of our program, we offer initial support for the efficacy of this type of approach in both improving cognitive function as well as leading to better functional outcomes.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Effects of Practice Conditions and Supplemental Training Method on Cognitive Learning and Interpersonal Skill Generalization.

Organizational expenditures for interpersonal-skills training have been rising. However, little is known about the translation of cognitive learning into skilled interpersonal-task performance, or about the mechanisms through which interpersonal skills in one domain generalize to other interpersonal tasks. This study used a 2 x 2 experimental design to examine the effectiveness of neutral versus stressful practice conditions and mastery-versus performance-oriented supplemental training for improving cognitive learning and interpersonal-skill transfer to a novel task. Participants who experienced stressful salary-negotiation practice conditions, followed by mastery-oriented supplemental training, showed greater skill transfer when performing a novel task (i.e., contract negotiations). Results showed that superior cognitive learning (i.e., recall, comprehension, and synthesis) and greater time on task were the mechanisms that supported interpersonal-skill transfer for trainees in the stressful practice/ mastery-oriented training condition when compared with the other experimental groups. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

[Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia].

BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia experience difficulties in a broad spectrum of neurocognitive domains. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of neuropsychological findings in schizophrenia and of cognitive remediation studies in schizophrenia is provided, based on relevant reports identified by a survey of the literature. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: The most pronounced neurocognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia are in the areas of attention, memory and executive functions. There is some empirical evidence to the effect that specific cognitive functions can be improved through cognitive training programmes. There is, however, no evidence indicating that improved performance on specific neuropsychological tasks can be generalized to other tasks or areas.

Attention↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Training effects on intelligence of older persons.

In the present study, we tried to answer two main questions: (1) do the elderly of low educational level improve their performance in ability tests when they are trained in inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, or everyday problem solving? (2) If such training were effective, what will the level of training transfer be? Ninety elderly participated in this study (36 women, 54 men; mean age = 67.87); 93.2% of them had less than 4 years of education. The study was based on an experimental-control group design with three main parts: pre-test, cognitive training (three training conditions - Inductive Reasoning, Spatial Orientation and Everyday Problem Solving vs. placebo control) and two post-tests with 3 months of interval. The results indicate that the elderly of low educational level improve their performance both in the domain and transfer test in two of the three training conditions: inductive reasoning and spatial orientation. Results are discussed in relation to other topics related to research studies.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1992

Effects of two treatment techniques on delay and vigilance tasks with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) children.

In this study, we examined the effects of two treatment techniques under on-medication and off-medication conditions on the hyperactive behavior patterns of children. Three groups of subjects were compared: a control group, a behavior modification group, and a cognitive training group. The Gordon Diagnostic System (Gordon, McClure, & Post, 1986) was used to assess the subjects at the initial screening, during treatment without medication, and during treatment with medication. The two medication conditions were counterbalanced during the second and third testing sessions. Results showed that when the cognitive intervention was combined with medication, there was a significant improvement in the subjects' ability to delay impulsive responding. However, no significant effects were seen for sustained vigilance for either the behavioral or cognitive groups. Parents rated children in the cognitive group significantly higher than those in the control group.

Attention↗

PubMed2002

[Cognitive rehabilitation in Alzheimer's disease patients: multidisciplinary team report].

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to show preliminary results of the 'combined treatment' (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor + cognitive training) on a group of mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, followed-up for 7 months. METHODS: Six mild AD patients, diagnosed according to ICD-10 and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, were included on a open trial with Rivastigmine, 6-12 mg/day, for 2 months, followed by a weekly cognitive rehabilitation group, for 5 months. Caregivers were submitted to a weekly group of counseling and support for 5 months. RESULTS: Stabilization or mild improvement of patients' cognitive and activities of daily living deficits were found, besides reduction of patients and caregivers' depressive and anxiety levels. CONCLUSION: The 'combined treatment' can help on the stabilization or result on a mild improvement of AD patients' cognitive and functional deficits. Support and counseling interventions can reduce the levels of caregivers' psychiatric symptoms.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2007

Efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with mild cognitive impairment treated with cholinesterase inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: Individuals who have Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) may be in a transitional stage between aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The high rate of conversion from MCI to AD makes early treatment an important clinical issue. Recent evidence suggests that cognitive training intervention may reduce the rate of progression to AD. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of a NeuroPsychological Training (TNP) in patients with MCI who are treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), compared with patients MCI treated only with ChEIs and patients not treated, in a longitudinal, one year follow-up study. METHODS: One year longitudinal and retrospective comparison study of neuropsychological performances in 59 subjects affected by Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) according to Petersen's criteria. Fifteen subjects were randomised to receive TNP plus cholinesterase inhibitors; 22 subjects cholinesterase inhibitors alone and 22 subjects no treatment. All the subjects referring memory complaints, corroborated by an informant, underwent a multidimensional assessment concerning neuropsychological, behavioural and functional characteristics, at baseline and after one year follow-up. RESULTS: Subjects without treatment maintained their cognitive, functional and behavioural status after one year; patients treated only with ChEIs improved in depressive symptoms whereas subjects treated with TNP and ChEIs showed significant improvements in different cognitive areas, such as memory, abstract reasoning and in behavioural disturbances, particularly depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: A long-term TNP in ChEIs-treated MCI subjects induces additional cognitive and mood benefits.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2005

Rehabilitation of verbal working memory after left hemisphere stroke.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess a rehabilitation programme of working memory. RESEARCH DESIGN: Single case multiple-baseline-across-behaviour design in a patient with chronic stroke suffering from a specific impairment of working memory. METHODS: Rehabilitation included training of storage and processing components of verbal working memory. Outcome was assessed with specific working memory tests, non-specific tasks requiring working memory, non-target tasks not requiring working memory and questionnaires addressing daily-life functioning. This assessment was performed twice before the experimental therapy and once after. RESULTS: Cognitive measures were stable before therapy. A statistically significant improvement was found for target measures and for daily-life skills. In contrast, no change was found on non-target tasks. CONCLUSION: Improvement was not apparently related to spontaneous recovery, since performance was stable before therapy. This study suggests that specific cognitive training may improve working memory in patients with brain injury.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2005

The relative effectiveness of various instructional approaches in developing anticipation skill.

The relative effectiveness of explicit instruction, guided discovery, and discovery learning techniques in enhancing anticipation skill in young, intermediate-level tennis players was examined. Performance was assessed pre- and postintervention, during acquisition, and under transfer conditions designed to elicit anxiety through the use of laboratory and on-court measures. The 3 intervention groups improved from pre- to posttest compared with a control group (n = 8), highlighting the benefits of perceptual-cognitive training. Participants in the explicit (n = 8) and guided discovery (n = 10) groups improved their performance during acquisition at a faster rate than did the discovery learning (n = 7) group. However, the explicit group showed a significant decrement in performance when tested under anxiety provoking conditions compared with the guided discovery and discovery learning groups. Although training facilitated anticipation skill, irrespective of the type of instruction used in this experiment, guided discovery methods are recommended for expediency in learning and resilience under pressure.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mind-body therapies for the management of pain.

This paper reviews the evidence for mind-body therapies (eg, relaxation, meditation, imagery, cognitive-behavioral therapy) in the treatment of pain-related medical conditions and suggests directions for future research in these areas. Based on evidence from randomized controlled trials and in many cases, systematic reviews of the literature, the following recommendations can be made: 1) multi-component mind-body approaches that include some combination of stress management, coping skills training, cognitive restructuring and relaxation therapy may be an appropriate adjunctive treatment for chronic low back pain; 2) multimodal mind-body approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, particularly when combined with an educational/informational component, can be an effective adjunct in the management of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis; 3) relaxation and thermal biofeedback may be considered as a treatment for recurrent migraine while relaxation and muscle biofeedback can be an effective adjunct or stand alone therapy for recurrent tension headache; 4) an array of mind-body therapies (eg, imagery, hypnosis, relaxation) when employed pre-surgically, can improve recovery time and reduce pain following surgical procedures; 5) mind-body approaches may be considered as adjunctive therapies to help ameliorate pain during invasive medical procedures.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychotherapeutic intervention in dementia.

Cognitive deficits are the most important symptoms in the diagnosis of dementia. Changes in noncognitive behavioural areas often go unrecognised at examination or are considered insignificant. These abnormalities, however, contribute most to the caregiver's burden, interfere with the individual well-being of the patient, and are predictors of early institutionalization. Psychotherapeutic interventions in dementia complete the treatment effects achieved by psychopharmacology, cognitive enhancers, and cognitive training of target functions. Psychotherapy in dementia should be based on an interacting form of therapy, i.e. a contingency management in the natural environments of the dementia sufferer where the primary caregiver, as a mediator, takes over the main therapeutic tasks.

Cognition Disorders↗

PubMed2006

Development and evaluation of home-based speed-of-processing training for older adults.

OBJECTIVES: To develop technical parameters for a videotape-based speed-of-processing training protocol, to evaluate the feasibility of self-administration (experiment 1), and to evaluate the protocol's effectiveness (experiment 2). DESIGN: A feasibility study (experiment 1) and a pre-post, 4-arm, nonrandomized controlled trial (experiment 2). SETTING: University research center. PARTICIPANTS: A population-based sample (37 men, 47 women; age range, 65-94y) (experiment 1). A population-based sample (age > or =65y) with no prior exposure to the Useful Field of View assessment or speed-of-processing training, no dementia or life-limiting illness, a Mini-Mental State Examination score of greater than 24, corrected far visual acuity of greater than or equal to 20/40, contrast sensitivity of greater than or equal to 1.50 log(10), and deficient processing speed (experiment 2). For experiment 2, 8 of 189 eligible people declined to participate. The final sample for this experiment included 100 men and 81 women (age range, 65-91y). INTERVENTIONS: Eight to ten 1-hour cognitive training sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Posttraining gains in processing speed. RESULTS: Self-administration was feasible. Subjects who underwent home-based training improved their processing speed significantly more than either control group (F(3,146)=16.16, P<.001). Their gains were 74% as great as the gains of those who underwent trainer-facilitated speed-of-processing training. CONCLUSIONS: People can improve their processing speed at home using readily available technology. Future research should explore the relation of these improvements to driving performance.

Activities of Daily Living↗