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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

New high-resolution 2-deoxyglucose method featuring double labeling and automated data collection.

A new approach to high-resolution 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) emulsion-autoradiography which combines improved retention of 2DG labeling, staining with immunohistochemical and other specific markers, and automated data collection and analysis of local silver grain and stain densities is described. The Durham et al. (J. Neurosci. 1:519-526, '81) procedure for fixation of 2DG with periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP, McLean and Nakane: J. Histochem. Cytochem. 22:1077-1083, '74) was adapted to increase retained label roughly tenfold. Phenobarbital anesthesia is induced 45 minutes after 2DG injection. Barbiturate anesthesia increases brain glycogen (Nelson et al.: J. Neurochem. 15:1271-1279, '68) and presumably increases the incorporation of intracellular 2DG from 2DG-6P into brain glycogen and other molecules (Nelson et al.: J. Neurochem. 43:949-956, '84; Pentreath et al.: Neuroscience 7:759-767, '82). Iodoacetate is added to cold fixative to prevent glycogen breakdown (Cammermeyer and Fenton: Histochemistry 76:339-356, '82). This high-resolution 2DG protocol is directly compatible with many other neuroanatomical techniques. We demonstrate 2DG emulsion autoradiography combined with cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry, markers for axonal pathway tracing, plastic embedding for semithin sections, and immunohistochemical staining for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). The method should be compatible with antibodies for other antigens and with other neuroanatomical stains. To collect the data directly from microscope slides, a computer-controlled microscope was integrated with image-processing software to eliminate the need for manual counting and scoring of autoradiograms. Regions of interest are scanned automatically at high resolution to map regional labeling and/or stain density. There is excellent correspondence between computer-enhanced two-dimensional maps of the data and the original autoradiograms. Automated counts for five specimens were compared to counts of labeled cells by trained observer. The correlation between the two sets of measurements is high (r = .93). Automated data collection has been generalized to measure regional stain densities on the autoradiographed sections for direct comparison with silver grain density. The method is extremely flexible, especially since new image-processing strategies can be developed in software to extract the desired information from materials labeled by other methods (e.g., HRP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Data collection on patients in emergency departments in Canada.

OBJECTIVE: Relatively little is known about the ability of Canadian emergency departments (EDs) and the federal, provincial and territorial governments to quantify ED activity. The objectives of this study were to determine the use of electronic patient data in Canadian EDs, the accessibility of provincial data on ED visits, and to identify the data elements and current methods of ED information system (EDIS) data collection nationally. METHODS: Surveys were conducted of the following 3 groups: 1) all ED directors of Canadian hospitals located in communities of >10,000 people, 2) all electronic EDIS vendors, and 3) representatives from the ministries of health from 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions who had knowledge of ED data collection. RESULTS: Of the 243 ED directors contacted, 158 completed the survey (65% response rate) and 39% of those reported using an electronic EDIS. All 11 EDIS vendor representatives responded. Most of the vendors provide a similar package of basic EDIS options, with add-on features. All 13 provincial or territorial government representatives completed the survey. Nine (69%) provinces and territories collect ED data, however the source of this information varies. Five provinces and territories collect triage data, and 3 have a comprehensive, jurisdiction-wide, population-based ED database. Thirty-nine percent of EDs in larger Canadian communities track patients using electronic methods. A variety of EDIS vendor options are available and used in Canada. CONCLUSION: The wide variation in methods and in data collected presents serious barriers to meaningful comparison of ED services across the country. It is little wonder that the majority of information regarding ED overcrowding in Canada is anecdotal, when the collection of this critical health information is so variable. There is an urgent need to place the collection of ED information on the provincial and national agenda and to ensure that the collection of this information consistent, comprehensive and mandatory.

Canada↗
PubMed1999

Interobserver variability in data collection of the APACHE II score in teaching and community hospitals.

OBJECTIVES: To examine interobserver reliability of the Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and identify major causes of variability in data collection. DESIGN: Descriptive, comparative analysis. SETTING: Nine intensive care units in two teaching and six community hospitals SUBJECTS: A random sample of 342 patient records selected from a network database. INTERVENTION: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were reabstracted and compared with the original records. Individual physiologic points derived from the APACHE II scoring system (instead of the actual physiologic values) were compared using the kappa statistic. Paired measurements of the continuous variables were compared using the interclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. Excellent agreement was found in most demographic, admission, and discharge data. The system failure requiring intensive care unit admission was consistently identified by both data collectors in 88% of cases, but only 66% agreed on the exact admitting diagnosis. For APACHE II score components, the kappa statistic ranged from 0.315 for the Glasgow Coma Scale point to 0.976 for the age point. Significant disagreement regarding the probability of death derived from the APACHE II model was evident in some patient records. Overall agreement among groups of patients regarding the APACHE II score was good, however, with no significant difference in the mean score (20.2 vs. 20.1; p = .758). The predicted mortality from the reabstracted data was 30%, similar to the 27% predicted mortality from the original data (p = .380). CONCLUSION: Reliability of data collection varied widely in different components of the APACHE II probability-of-death model. Significant discrepancies in some components suggested a lack of explicit definitions and timing for consistent data collection between institutions or between data collectors. Nonetheless, variability resulting from data collection appears to be randomly distributed, so that comparisons of group means are valid.

APACHE↗
PubMed2005

The use of an electronic audience response system for data collection.

BACKGROUND: Gathering complete and accurate data from community groups, particularly medically underserved populations, is challenging. METHODS: An electronic audience response system (ARS) is a novel method for the efficient collection of data while maintaining participant confidentiality in group settings. RESULTS: Because data are captured electronically, an ARS eliminates the need to transfer data from paper forms, reducing errors and the amount of time required for data management. CONCLUSIONS: ARS is a useful data collection tool that works well with diverse populations and greatly increases data accuracy and completeness while maintaining participant confidentiality.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

Don't rely on MCOs--take systems approach to physician practice data collection.

Physician practices can thrive under capitation with proper data collection. Practices should take a systems approach to managing the financial, operations, and clinical aspects of their businesses--and this requires data. While some of it may be acquired from MCOs, most physicians will have to rely on IPAs or PHOs to do the dirty work. Here's a laundry list of data to collect, plus report templates.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2005

On the routine use of soft X-rays in macromolecular crystallography. Part III. The optimal data-collection wavelength.

Complete and highly redundant data sets were collected at different wavelengths between 0.80 and 2.65 A for a total of ten different protein and DNA model systems. The magnitude of the anomalous signal-to-noise ratio as assessed by the quotient R(anom)/R(r.i.m.) was found to be influenced by the data-collection wavelength and the nature of the anomalously scattering substructure. By utilizing simple empirical correlations, for instance between the estimated deltaF/F and the expected R(anom) or the data-collection wavelength and the expected R(r.i.m.), the wavelength at which the highest anomalous signal-to-noise ratio can be expected could be estimated even before the experiment. Almost independent of the nature of the anomalously scattering substructure and provided that no elemental X-ray absorption edge is nearby, this optimal wavelength is 2.1 A.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Integrating baseline health status data collection into the process of care.

BACKGROUND: Health status data are an increasingly important component of outcomes assessment and can be used to facilitate quality assessment and improvement efforts. An enormous challenge to the use of health status data among hospitalized patients, however, is collecting baseline data at the time of treatment, an essential component for risk-adjusting subsequent outcomes. The Mid America Heart Institute of Saint Luke's Hospital (Kansas City, Mo), attempted to integrate the collection of health status assessments within the process of performing coronary revascularization. THE DATA COLLECTION STRATEGY: The data collection strategy was developed for each admission portalelective outpatients (admissions for same-day procedures), inpatients, and emergent cases. Health status data were collected on all patients with coronary artery disease who were receiving a percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft with no disruption to physician scheduling or nursing staff. RESULTS: In general, patients were agreeable to completing the health status survey. Despite initial efforts to educate the hospital staff about the goal and purpose of health status assessment, staff members who were unaware of the uses of these data seemed to minimize their value. Providing examples of how to use these data relative to the staff member's specific occupational role facilitated buy-in for this project. EPILOGUE: After the pilot study, which lasted until June 1999, data were continually collected for 18 months, through August 2000, even with the cessation of external grant funding for this project. Baseline data collection finally stopped, primarily because of a failure to accommodate data collection into the routine flow of patient care by existing nursing staff.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2002

Breath Multi Analysis: a database to collect data on gastric related non invasive analysis.

The diagnosis of dyspepsia is very difficult because the symptoms are clinically aspecific and the gastric emptying time tests are of complex interpretation. An integrated and automated analysis of clinical and instrumental data may improve the diagnostic process. We present a system to collect data on dyspeptic patients from different sources which have been set up to assist the clinician in the diagnosis of dyspepsia. The data base integrates a wide set of symptoms with data coming from non invasive laboratory tests. Moreover, we assess the feasibility of considering the same methods for collecting data also for adsorption problems and for hepatic problems.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1998

Structure refinement against synchrotron Laue data: strategies for data collection and reduction.

The synchrotron Laue technique has been applied to high-resolution structure refinement of the ribotoxin, restrictocin [Yang & Moffat (1996). Structure, 4, 837-852]. By employing carefully designed data-collection strategies and the data-reduction algorithms incorporated in the software system LaueView [Ren & Moffat (1995a). J. Appl. Cryst. 28, 461-481; Ren & Moffat (1995b). J. Appl. Cryst. 28, 482-493], a set of high-resolution Laue data with a completeness and accuracy comparable to excellent monochromatic data was obtained. Through detailed comparison with the monochromatic data and electron-density maps derived from the Laue data, optimum data-collection and reduction strategies were identified and the application of Laue diffraction techniques to conventional crystallographic refinement was demonstrated.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variability, reproducibility, and data-collection time of pulmonary bedside monitoring.

Breath-by-breath pulmonary function testing at the bedside is now available both with special-purpose stand-alone equipment and with the new generation of ventilators. The authors studied the variability of, reproducibility of, and ideal length of data collection for nine indices of pulmonary function that may be useful for ventilatory management, weaning, and patient comfort. Work of breathing (as both J/L and J/min), pressure-time product, rapid shallow breathing index, respiratory time fraction, respiratory drive, change in esophageal pressure during inspiration, expiratory airway resistance, and dynamic compliance were measured in ten normal subjects and in eight patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation. All nine indices were reproducible when compared by paired t-test with two separate sets of data collected in normal subjects. Repeated measures in the normal subjects allowed calculation of 95% confidence intervals for the nine variables. There was no statistically significant difference between data collections of 5 minutes compared with those of 10 and 15 minutes. Breath-by-breath variability ranged from a coefficient of variation of 3% for the shallow breathing index in one patient to 131% for the work of breathing in J/min in another. Population variability ranged from values reported previously for other pulmonary parameters to nearly double for some parameters. The authors conclude that a 5-minute data collection time is sufficient to obtain reliable breath-by-breath data at the bedside. While taken together these indices may provide clinically useful information, their usefulness individually remains to be demonstrated because of their large variability.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The LEDTOX Necropsy System: an interactive protocol driven gross postmortem examination data collection system.

The LEDTOX Necropsy System consists of a series of programs which provide for the real time collection of gross postmortem data while interacting with the LEDTOX Protocol, Animal Weighing/Clinical Observation, Palpable Mass, Clinical Pathology, Histopathology and Animal Colony Management Systems. Special procedures and lists of tissues specified in the protocol for various necropsy activities drive to data collection routines. Key system features include: system generated gross findings menu to facilitate data entry; designation of key phrases to be used for data summarization; online confirmation of palpable masses identified during life; online review of clinical observation and clinical pathology data. Outputs include: incidence summary of gross postmortem findings; tissue examination/sampling summary; correlation of antemortem and postmortem mass/neoplasm data; organ weight statistical summary. With completion of this module, 90-100% of the routine tables for postmortem reports are immediately available to pathologists for data interpretation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Potential impact of the HIPAA privacy rule on data collection in a registry of patients with acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Implementation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule has the potential to affect data collection in outcomes research. METHODS: To examine the extent to which data collection may be affected by the HIPAA Privacy Rule, we used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study design to assess participation rates with informed consent in 2 cohorts of patients eligible for the University of Michigan Acute Coronary Syndrome registry. The pre-HIPAA period included telephone interviews conducted at 6 months that sought verbal informed consent from patients. In the post-HIPAA period, informed consent forms were mailed to ask for permission to call to conduct a telephone interview. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of patients who provided consent. Incremental costs associated with the post-HIPAA period were also assessed. RESULTS: The pre-HIPAA period included 1221 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome, and the post-HIPAA period included 967 patients. Consent for follow-up declined from 96.4% in the pre-HIPAA period to 34.0% in the post-HIPAA period (P<.01). In general, patients who returned written consent forms during the post-HIPAA period were older, were more likely to be married, and had lower mortality rates at 6 months. Incremental costs for complying with the HIPAA Privacy Rule were $8704.50 for the first year and $4558.50 annually thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: The HIPAA Privacy Rule significantly decreases the number of patients available for outcomes research and introduces selection bias in data collection for patient registries.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

ESHRE PGD Consortium data collection IV: May-December 2001.

The ESHRE PGD Consortium was formed in 1997 to survey the practice of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Since then, three reports have been published giving an overview on PGD from an ever-increasing number of centres and reporting on an increasing number of PGD cycles and pregnancies and babies born after PGD. After these initial influential publications, important shortcomings were identified primarily on the method of data collection, i.e. with Excel spreadsheets, and in the timing of the collection (cycles were collected in a different time frame from pregnancies and babies, making the follow-up of cycles very difficult). This is why the Steering Committee has made a major investment in developing and implementing a new database in FileMaker Pro 6. It was also decided that cycles would be collected from one calendar year, as well as the pregnancies and babies ensuing from that particular calendar year. This gave us the opportunity to take a closer look at the data collected earlier, and to attempt to improve their quality. This is a report on the corrected data from the first three data collections (I-III) as well as the result of the last data collection (IV) that was completely carried out using the new database.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1991

Breast cancer data collection for surgical audit.

Data are available about the mortality, the incidence, the stage, the survival, and the treatment of breast cancer. In this country mortality data are published by the OPCS and HIPE and evidence exists to show that there is a considerable shortfall in both these sources. The incidence of breast cancer is recorded by the Regional Cancer Registries and published by OPCS. The registries supply OPCS with a minimum data set which does not include the stage of the disease, which is important, and does include the quadrant, which is not. Audit shows marked regional variations in completeness of registration. International comparisons with Scandinavia are unfavourable and show what can be achieved. Patients who develop breast cancer but do not die from it may be cured. The discrepancy between incidence and mortality, which varies both geographically and historically, should therefore provide a valuable insight into changing survival, but does not do so because the data are unreliable. Wide variations in survival figures in the medical literature are probably due to variations in staging conventions rather than different treatments. It is clear that cancer stages carry a more favourable prognosis, but it still cannot be proved that earlier diagnosis in a particular individual prolongs the life of that individual. This unproven hypothesis is the rationale for mammographic screening. Data on treatment in hospitals do not link diagnosis to operation, so that it is impossible to separate operations for benign breast disease from those for cancer. The OPCS classification of operations is complex with many open-ended choices. Doctors do not participate in the coding process and clerks cannot make up for this. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy data are not collected nationally and the four regional registries who do collect it also rely on their clerks' interpretation of medical notes. Data on the use of tamoxifen are consistent and of high quality.An extensive data gathering mechanism is in place for breast cancer. A huge body of information exists about the disease which should form a valuable database. The poor quality of this information reduces its usefulness. It is the responsibility of doctors to agree on a data set and to ensure its collection. They do it in Scandinavia.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Use of web-based data collection to evaluate analgesic administration and the decision for surgery in horses with colic.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There is no current veterinary information with regard to data entry on a website. We therefore completed a prospective study on use of analgesics in relation to the need for abdominal surgery using a web-based survey instrument. OBJECTIVES: To establish an internet-based data entry system that could be used to record prospective data on horses with colic. HYPOTHESIS: Failure of horses to respond to the initial administration of an analgesic is an indicator of the need for abdominal surgery. METHODS: A survey was developed to determine if the response to administration of an analgesic during a veterinarian's first examination of a horse with colic was related to the need for surgery. Veterinarians were contacted via AAEP and ECN listservs requesting submission of cases using a log-in system at a data entry website. The survey was completed by submission of a data entry page. RESULTS: Twenty-seven veterinarians submitted details of 119 cases of colic, 28 of which required surgery. The need for surgery was significantly associated with moderate or severe pain observed during the first examination compared to mild or no pain, and with constant pain or return of pain after administration of one or more analgesics and the need to administer a second analgesic treatment. Abnormal findings on rectal examination were not associated with the need for surgery, whereas total absence or decrease of intestinal sounds was significantly related to the odds that surgery was needed. The web-based data collection was successful in collecting all data points on the survey for each case. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforced veterinarians' use of response to therapy as a way to determine the need for abdominal surgery. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: When a specific diagnosis has not been made, lack of response or resumption of colic after analgesic administration should be considered as an indicator of the need for surgery. Web-based collection of data allows veterinary practitioners to participate in clinical research by providing prospective data.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1985

Data collection frequency effect in the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey.

The National Medical Care Expenditure Survey (NMCES) was characterized by a longitudinal survey design, with data collection targeted to five points in time covering the survey year. Field conditions did not allow for all interviews to be conducted over the targeted time periods. A subset of sampled households (holdovers) were not contacted for a particular wave of the survey and data were gathered at the subsequent time period for the two time intervals that were spanned. National estimates for a representative set of health care utilization and expenditure measures were derived from the sample of holdovers and compared with estimates derived from the respondents with five complete waves of data collection. Controlling for relevant predispositional factors in the estimation of health care utilization and expenditure measures, a test for data collection frequency effect is also considered.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development and validation of data collection tools for the perioperative period in heart surgery].

The purpose of this study was to elaborate and validate data collection instruments in order to identify nursing diagnosis in adult patients in the perioperative period of a cardiac surgery. The data collection instruments proposed were based on Wanda Horta's conceptual model. The elaboration of the instruments was based on a literature review with the aim to find important signs and symptoms that could characterize nursing diagnosis. For the validation of the data collection instruments, authors elaborated a survey that was validated by five nurses. All the professionals who were asked to validate it answered that the instruments helped in the identification of the nursing diagnosis and that the data or questions were enough to identify changes in basic needs.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗