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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

A cohort study of disability pension and death among painters with special regard to disabling presenile dementia as an occupational disease.

In the last decade several investigations have demonstrated an association between impaired cerebral function in employed workers and occupational exposure to organic solvents. Many case-histories and two case-referent studies indicate, that such an impairment might develop into disabling irreversible neuropsychiatric disease. The main purpose of this study was to further investigate the risk of chronic brain damage in solvent exposed workers. A cohort of 2601 male painters and 1790 male bricklayers from the Copenhagen area was identified retrospectively and followed Jan. 1,71-Dec. 31,75. For this period the incidence of disability pensioning and mortality was examined for the two occupational groups and for a "'normal" population of Copenhagen men. Using bricklayers and Copenhagen men as referents, the painters had a relative risk of approximately 3.5 of being awarded a disability pension due to a state of being awarded a disability pension due to a state of cryptogenic presenile dementia. When indications of alcohol abuse, cerebral concussions or other etiologic factors were present, the relative risk was approximately 2. No excess risk was found for neuropsychiatric diseases other than presenile dementia. Other differences between the groups were found, but they were inconsistent and difficult to interpret. In the light of the findings of this and other studies, it seems likely, that chronic brian damage may result from industrial exposure to organic solvents.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Preliminary analysis of O.E.C.D. disability on the pretest of the post census disability survey.

The paper reviews the U.S. experience with items from the OECD long-term disability questions. The OECD questions have not yet been used in their entirety in this country, but several surveys, including the National Health Interview Survey, 1977, the Survey of Income and Program Participation, 1978, and the Social Security Disability Study, 1978, have used selected items or ones similar to the OECD items. A number of methodological issues addressed in the Bureau of the Census pretest of the Postcensus Disability Survey, planned for 1980, will be discussed in this paper, and estimates of the percentage of persons with OECD type disability by age, based on several U.S. surveys, will be also presented.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1994

The National Institute of Art and Disabilities: an art center for adults with developmental disabilities.

The National Institute of Art and Disabilities (NIAD) is an innovative art center for people with disabilities. It encompasses an art studio, exhibitions by artists with disabilities, research, and professional training. Artist-teachers are practicing artists. The center was founded and implemented by an artist and a psychologist. At least 21 similar centers have used this approach in providing community-based creative art experiences for individuals with disabilities.

Art↗

PubMed1996

Parasites, pawns and partners: disability research and the role of non-disabled researchers.

Important methodological questions are raised by the act of researching disablement. Disability research has attracted much methodological criticism from disabled people who argue that it has taken place within an oppressive theoretical paradigm and within an oppressive set of social relations. These issues are of heightened significance for non-disabled researchers and bear many similarities to those faced by researchers investigating barriers to the social inclusion of women, Black and 'Third World' peoples. Such challenges have led to the development of an 'emancipatory' research paradigm. Six principles of emancipatory research are identified and the authors own research projects are critically examined within this framework. A number of contradictions are identified and an attempt made to balance the twin requirements of political action and academic rigour.

Civil Rights↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Disability as a medico-demographic problem and the mortality of the disabled].

Socio-hygienic analysis of the mortality of disabled subjects is carried out on the basis of clinical and socio-statistical records with due consideration for the levels and structure of death causes, types and groups of disability, duration of stable disability, etc. Scientific approaches to analysis of mortality of disabled subjects as a medico-demographic problem have been outlined and basic information singled out to be used in development of special medicosocial programs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Projected impact of the functional definition of developmental disabilities: the categorically disabled population and service eligibility.

Indicators of substantial limitation in seven life activity areas defined in P.L. 95-602 were generated from a comprehensive needs assessment/screening instrument used in New York State. These indicators were then applied to a data base of over 35,000 individuals having one or more of the categorical developmental disabilities of autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, mental retardation, or other neurological impairments. Results of this analysis suggest that potential inclusion within the functional developmental disabilities definition of P.L. 95-602 varies as a function of categorical disability, age, and level of intellectual functioning. Implications of these findings for access to services were discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1996

Systems approach to clothing for disabled users. Why is it difficult for disabled users to find suitable clothing.

Today's clothing market is not adapted for people with unusual body dimensions and/or different kinds of functional impairments. They will be referred to as disabled users. The method of user-oriented product development combined with the soft systems methodology has been applied in order to understand and possibly solve their problem. Sixty five disabled users were interviewed. The results show that the disabled users must be divided into subgroups. Their requirements are very much dependent on their impairment not only regarding the fit and function of the clothing, but also regarding shopping and service in the stores. The symbolic values of clothing are just as important as the functional values. However, it is essential not to focus on the end product only, but to look at the problem as a system consisting of: manufacturing, marketing and end use. A new method of taking three dimensional measurements from range images of the human body has been developed. In combination with other developments in information technology it will be possible to synthesise a new system where the manufacturers and retailers of clothing can co-operate in order to give service to disabled users.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Vocational rehabilitation acceptance in the USA: controlling for education, type of major disability, severity of disability and socioeconomic status.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate whether there were differences in acceptance rates for VR services among African Americans, White Americans, Native American or Alaskan Natives, and Asian or Pacific Islanders with disabilities in the USA? METHOD: The study was based on a population 599 444 customers who sought VR or Bureau of Visual Service Agency services in the USA from 1 October, 1997, through 30 September, 1998. The subsample of customers with no missing values on the variables under investigation included African Americans (n = 13 287), White Americans (n = 38 048), Native American or Alaskan Natives (n = 599), and Asian or Pacific Islanders (n = 596). The chi-square test of homogeneity of proportions was the test statistic. The final random subsample included African Americans (n = 300), White Americans (n = 300) Native American or Alaskan Natives (n = 300), and Asian or Pacific Islanders (n = 300) was drawn from the population of VR customers in the USA. RESULTS: The study supports the hypothesis that African Americans were more likely to be found ineligible for VR services, while Asian or Pacific Islanders were more likely to be accepted for VR services. CONCLUSION: While discovering that African Americans are more likely to be rejected for VR services was not surprising, discovering that Asians or Pacific Islanders are more likely to be accepted for VR services than African Americans was unexpected, given that past VR acceptance research adduced that White Americans, not Asian or Pacific Islanders, are more likely to be accepted for VR services when compared to African Americans with disabilities. While a preponderance of VR research indicates that White Americans are more likely to be accepted for VR services than African Americans, it was also unexpected that White Americans were not statistically significant when education, type of major disability, disability severity, and SES were controlled.

Black or African American↗

PubMed1982

Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability insurance benefits; limitations on benefit payments to prisoners; restrictions on disability determinations for felony-related and prison-related impairments--Social Security Administration. Proposed rules.

These proposed regulations, which are based on Pub. L. 96-473, place certain restrictions on the payment of benefits based on disability and student status to persons who have been convicted of a felony and are imprisoned and restrict the use of certain impairments in determining disability. These proposed rules specify the conditions under which benefits will not be paid to these individuals and how a finding of disability may be affected when an impairment, or the aggravation of a preexisting impairment, arises during the commission of a felony or imprisonment. Before the enactment of Pub. L. 96-473, there were no restrictions upon the payment of benefits or the making of disability determinations for these persons.

Prisoners↗

PubMed1988

Supplemental security income for the aged, blind and disabled; presumptive disability and presumptive blindness; categories of impairments--AIDS--Social Security Administration, HHS. Final rule.

We may pay benefits to a person applying for supplemental security income benefits on the basis of disability or blindness before making a formal determination when available information indicates a high probability that disability exists. These findings of presumptive disability and blindness may be made at the Social Security district offices only for specified impairment categories; at the State agencies, they may be made for any impairment category. We are publishing final rules which add acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to these categories in view of the predictability that the disease will result in a finding of disability.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1998

Multiple sclerosis: assessment of disability and disability scales.

Attempting to measure the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the individuals patients has become a major issue stimulated by both the emergence of new therapeutic agents and the increasing demand to incorporate the patient's perspective. Disability has been the main focus. Recently, new disability scales have been developed and generic scales evaluated in an attempt to replace or complement the constantly used and much criticized Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). There is, however, the growing realization that it is important to incorporate broader aspects of disease input such as are contained within the concepts of health-related quality of life. Current scales in this area are limited in either their scientific soundness and/or clinical usefulness, and it may be appropriate to consider the development of a new MS-specific measure of disease impact for use in clinical trials.

Disability Evaluation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health, preventive health care, and health care access among women with disabilities in the 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey, Supplement on Disability.

OBJECTIVES: This study presents national estimates on the health, preventive health care, and health care access of adult women with disabilities. We compared women with 1 or 2 functional limitations (FLs) and > or =3 FLs with women with no FLs. Topics covered included demographic characteristics, selected reported health measures, selected clinical preventive services, and selected access to care indicators and health care coverage. METHODS: Estimates in this report were based on data from the 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey, Supplement on Disability (NHIS-D). The sample size for women > or =18 years of age used in producing the estimates from the combined 1994 and 1995 NHIS-D was 77,762. RESULTS: An estimated 16% of women > or =18 years of age had difficulty with at least 1 FL. Women with FLs were less likely to rate their health as excellent or very good and more likely to report their health as fair or poor when compared with women with no FLs. Women with FLs were also more likely to report being a current smoker, having hypertension, being overweight, and experiencing mental health problems. Among women > or =65 years of age, those with FLs were also less likely to have received Pap smear tests within the past year and those with > or =3 FLs were less likely to have received mammograms within the past year than women with no FLs. Women with > or =3 FLs were more likely to report being unable to get general medical care, dental care, prescription medicines, or eyeglasses, regardless of age group, compared with women with no FLs. The main reasons reported for being unable to receive general care were financial problems or limitations in insurance. These findings suggest that increased attention to the health care needs of women with disabilities from researchers, clinicians, and public health professionals is warranted.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Disability part 1: the disability discrimination act (1995)--implications for dentists.

The Disability Discrimination Act (1995) (DDA) aims to end the discrimination which many disabled people face in their day-to-day lives. (1) But how many dentists are aware of their responsibilities under this Act? Dentists are already bound by Parts I and II of the DDA, but Part III, which is due to come into effect in 2004, and which is concerned with physical alterations to premises, has potentially profound implications for many in dental practice. Health Authorities in Merseyside, in the North West of England have been exploring ways in which access to dental care for disabled people can be improved. In this paper, the first of a series of three, we outline the DDA and how it affects dentists in general practice.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: a new tool for understanding disability and health.

Reliable and timely information about the health of populations is part of the World Health Organization's mandate in the development of international public health policy. To capture data concerning functioning and disability, or non-fatal health outcomes, WHO has recently published the revised International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). In this article, the authors briefly outline the revision process and discuss the rationale for the ICF and the needs that it serves in rehabilitation. The ICF is shown to be an essential tool for identifying and measuring efficacy and effectiveness of rehabilitation services, both through functional profiling and intervention targeting. Existing applications of the ICF in rehabilitation are then surveyed. The ICF, in short, offers an international, scientific tool for understanding human functioning and disability for clinical, research, policy development and a range of other public health uses.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1987

Coping with the sexuality of the disabled: a comparison of the physically disabled and the mentally retarded.

Taking as a starting point, papers on sexuality of disabled people and papers on attitudes and representations toward their sexuality, we have demonstrated that the coping of those people is directed by an ideology of rationalisation of sexuality. This ideology is expressed in different ways, with physically disabled and mentally retarded people. This fact makes clear the importance of the handicapped referent over the coping. Procreation is strongly supported for the physically disabled people (paraplegics). Mentally retarded people are strictly forbidden to procreate: this appears especially with the sterilisation of mentally retarded women.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1996

Disability resulting from occupational low back pain. Part I: What do we know about primary prevention? A review of the scientific evidence on prevention before disability begins.

This is the first of two papers that systematically review available scientific evidence on the causes of disability from occupational low back pain, and the effectiveness of interventions to prevent it-before disability begins (primary prevention-Part I) and after its onset (secondary prevention-Part II). This first paper reviews the risk factors for the onset of pain and associated disability followed by a critical summary of intervention studies attempting to achieve prevention and to evaluate the results.

Disability Evaluation↗

PubMed1996

Disability resulting from occupational low back pain. Part II: What do we know about secondary prevention? A review of the scientific evidence on prevention after disability begins.

This is the second of two papers that systematically review available scientific evidence on the causes of disability from occupational low back pain, and the effectiveness of interventions to prevent it after its onset (secondary prevention). This paper reviews the national history of how back pain and the risk factors for its extension into chronic disability, followed by a critical summary of intervention studies attempting to reduce the duration of this disability, and to evaluate the results.

Disability Evaluation↗

PubMed2004

Assessing the needs of people with learning disabilities and mental illness: development of the Learning Disability version of the Cardinal Needs Schedule.

BACKGROUND: People with learning disability (LD) experience a range of mental health problems. They are a complex population, whose needs are not well understood. This study focuses on the development of a systematic process of needs assessment for this population. METHODS: The Cardinal Needs Schedule used in general psychiatry was adapted for people with learning disabilities (LD). The Learning Disability version of the Cardinal Needs Schedule (LDCNS) was tested on a sample of 35 people with LD and mental illness for its inter-rater reliability. RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability (Kappa) was calculated for 22 areas of functioning assessed by the LDCNS. Overall, there was very good agreement in seven areas, moderate agreement in six areas, fair agreement in three areas and poor agreement in one area. In four areas of functioning, Kappa could not be calculated. More needs were found in the social domain than in the clinical domain. CONCLUSION: A systematic needs assessment schedule (LDCNS) was developed for people with LD and mental illness. The inter-rater reliability is generally acceptable, but requires further examination.

Adult↗