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PubMed2004

Abdominal echinococcosis during pregnancy: clinical aspects and management of a series of cases in Chile.

Twelve pregnant women with hydatid disease are presented with median age of 29; 11 (91.7%) had a liver cyst and one (8.3%) had a kidney cyst as the primary disease location. Four (33.3%) had additional cysts located in the pelvis, peritoneal cavity and/or spleen; eight (66.7%) had two or more abdominal cysts. Three patients (25.0%) had surgery at the 3rd month after delivery and nine (75.0%) during their pregnancy. There was no histological evidence of hydatid disease in placentas, and no serological evidence of echinococcosis in the newborns was confirmed. One patient died after surgery. After a mean follow-up time of 39.5 months, we found one recurrent case of pelvic hydatid disease. Management of abdominal echinococcosis during pregnancy is an uncommon and difficult problem owing to the serious potential risks for mother and child.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Echinococcosis in Arizona and New Mexico. Survey of hospital records, 1969-1974.

In 1974, seven cases of human echinococcosis were diagnosed in Arizona and New Mexico. A retrospective survey of Arizona and New Mexico hospitals obtained data on ten additional cases reported for the 5-year period 1969 through 1973. Sixteen cases were diagnosed as Echinococcus granulosus infections and one as E. multilocularis infection. The latter infection was in an Eskimo from Alaska, where E. multilocularis is endemic. All of the 16 E. granulosus cases were probably acquired autochthonously; 14 were diagnosed in American Indians of the Navajo (8 cases), Zuni (4 cases), and Santo Domingo (2 cases) tribes; the remaining 2 cases were diagnosed in non-Indian women. This is the first published account of echinococcosis autochthonous to Arizona and New Mexico. Evidence suggests that the infection may have been introduced only relatively recently to the areas populated by the American Indians and that parasite transmission to humans is increasing.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Polycystic echinococcosis in Colombia: the larval cestodes in infected rodents.

Described are the characteristics of the polycystic larval cestodes found in an endemic area of echinococcosis in the Easter Plains of Colombia and the tissue reaction evoked in infected rodents. Of 848 free-ranging animals examined, polycystic hydatids were found in 44/93 Cuniculus paca and 1/369 Proechimys sp. None of 20 Dasyprocta fuliginosa examined was infected, but hunters provided a heart with hydatid cysts and information about two additional animals with infected livers. Recognition of an endemic area of polycystic echinococcosis provides a means to investigate the life cycle of the parasites and to study the histogenesis of the larval cestodes in susceptible laboratory animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Differential serodiagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis using native and recombinant antigens in Japan.

Our group at Asahikawa Medical College has established differential serodiagnosis for zoonotic larval cestodiases such as alveolar echinococcosis (AE), cystic echinococcosis (CE) and neurocysticercosis (NCC) using purified specific antigens. In this brief review, we introduce (a) four imported CE cases in Japan, easily identified serologically, (b) most recent advances in serology for differentiation of AE and monitoring of prognosis of AE in Japan. It includes application of affinity purified Em18 and prototype of a recombinant Em18 antigen. Serology using affinity purified Em18 antigens is showing much higher sensitivity for detection of AE cases which are usually undetectable by the ongoing serology for AE authorized in Hokkaido, Japan. As serology for AE, CE or NCC is still not popular in the majority of Asian countries, we expect that this review paper stimulates researchers who are interested in serology or serodiagnosis for these larval cestodiases including AE, CE and NCC.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Contribution to the surgical and cytostatical treatment of multiple abdominal and hepatic echinococcosis].

This is a report on 5 patients with multiple liver and abdominal echinococcosis. Besides surgical treatment the cytostatic Cyclophosphamide (=Endoxan) has been used in all cases. With this combined treatment there has been no recurrence. At this time the cytostatic-surgical combination treatment represents the therapy of choice in multiple echinococcosis. It remains to be seen whether a specific drug therapy will displace these methods in the near future.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1976

[Radiological exploration of alveolar echinococcosis. Concerning two cases with hepatic and splenic localization (author's transl)].

Two cases of alveolar echinococcosis were observed, the first in a 30 year old man, suffering from a hepatic localization, of the classical icteric and tumoral form, the second in a 26 year old patient, with an exclusively splenic localization, a very exceptional possibility. In both cases, coeliac arteriography showed vascular lesions which led one to suspect the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of alveolar echinococcosis explored by arteriography. Furthermore, in the first patient, retrograde catheterization of the biliary tract was carried out, which showed very marked changes of the biliary tract. Inspite of the amount of information provided by the radiological investigations, the diagnosis was not made until the surgical intervention.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

A pediatric case of disseminated cystic echinococcosis successfully treated with mebendazole.

We report a 4-year-old girl with disseminated cystic echinococcosis in the lung and the liver and a solitary cyst in the left kidney. Mebendazole therapy produced complete resolution of the lung and kidney cysts. In the liver, most of the smaller cysts disappeared, whereas the larger cysts showed only partial response and required surgical excision. Our experience reinforce the finding in previous reports that long term medical treatment of cystic echinococcosis with mebendazole can be lifesaving in cases that are unmanageable by surgical treatment.

Antinematodal Agents↗

PubMed2005

[Surgical approach in bilateral and combined echinococcosis of the lung].

One hundred and two patients aged from 4 to 65 years with echinococcosis were treated. Solitary cysts in both lungs were diagnosed in 69 patients, multiple cysts -- in 33 patients. In 10 cases small and middle cysts were in the upper parts of both lungs. These patients underwent one-stage operation consisting in lateral thoracotomy, removing of the cyst from one lung, incision of retrosternal mediastinal pleura, removing of the cyst from the second lung, drainage of pleural cavity. Fifteen patients with combined echinococcosis of the upper lobe of the right lung and liver were operated with another one-stage surgical method through thoracotomy in the third and sixth or seventh intercostal space. These methods are characterized by low traumaticity, decreased number of postoperative complications and hospital stay.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Cardiopulmonary echinococcosis: a report of a clinical case].

The authors report a case of hydatid cyst of the ventricular septum. The patient, an asymptomatic 30-year-old woman, was hospitalized in the Department of Pneumology after a routine chest X-ray test which detected two round masses in the lungs. During hospitalization the patient was asymptomatic and standard ECG was normal, but two-dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) revealed a cardiac cyst localized in the mediobasal portion of the ventricular septum. The finding was confirmed by computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. An echinococcosis was suspected on the basis of the patient's origin (Morocco) and because of the presence of cystic lesion also in the lungs, and was confirmed by positive hemagglutinin test. The patient underwent surgery (suction of cardiac cyst in extracorporeal circulation and washing with formaline 2%). This case is of particular interest because of the rarity of cardiac localization of echinococcosis (0.02-2%) and the lack of symptoms or of asymptomatic cardiac arrhythmias despite the location in the ventricular septum. Patients with hepatic or pulmonary hydatid disease could be routinely investigated by 2D echo because this imaging technique is: noninvasive, feasible and has a high sensitivity for detecting intracardiac echinococcal cysts.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Recurrent and residual echinococcosis].

The authors studied 271 (14.3%) patients with recurrent echinococcosis among 1,924 examined patients who had undergone operation. They claim that recurrences should not be divided into true and false. A careful study of recurrences after operation, their localization, provides evidence for regarding that 6.9% had primary-multiple, combined, and disseminated affections. Residual echinococcosis occurred in 6.1 per cent of the patients. Subsequent adequate operations cure the patients.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The distribution of ABO system blood groups in patients with unilocular echinococcosis].

The distribution of the AB0 blood groups was investigated in 624 patients with echinococcosis operated on and in 579 persons whose sera were subjected to IHAT with echinococcosis diagnosticum. Higher disease incidence was recorded in patients with the A (II) blood, especially in males, as compared to the controls. Simultaneous involvement of the liver, lungs and other organs was more common in them. Rh-positive patients predominated both in the A (II) and control groups. Blood group distribution with regard to IHAT findings failed to reveal any regular features.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1990

[Recurrent and residual echinococcosis of the abdominal organs].

The article gives information on 14 patients who were operated on for a second time for echinococcosis of various localization. The authors conclude that all cases in which the carrier of the germ elements of the parasite remains in the organism should be logically called residual and not false recurrence. A disease caused by a new infection should be called ++re-invasive echinococcosis but not a true recurrence.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Extrahepatic echinococcosis: diagnosis and treatment].

Following a review of the diagnostic, evolutive and therapeutic aspects of pulmonary echinococcosis, which is the most frequent hydatid disease after the hepatic one, the authors develop the problems raised by echinococcosis affecting the heart, kidneys, bones and spleen.

Bone Diseases↗

PubMed1989

[Chemoprevention of secondary abdominal echinococcosis--experimental study and clinical observation].

An experiment was carried out in white mice by intra-abdominal injection of protoscolices. A chemoprophylaxis of the secondary abdominal echinococcosis was practised by means of Mebendazole (Vermox) in a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days. The chemoprophylaxis started on the twentieth day after the infection. Three animal groups were divided: group 1--peroral application of the drug, group 2--injection of the drug, group 3--control group. The autopsy of the mice were carried out one month after the end of the chemoprophylaxis. An echinococcosis was diagnosable only in the control group. The application in one patient showed the same good result.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1995

[Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver--computerized tomography findings].

In order to ascertain the typical computed tomographic findings of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, 24 computed tomograms of 19 patients were evaluated. The liver was involved in all cases whereas the diaphragma was infiltrated in 32%, and the retroperitoneal area in 42%. The right liver lobe was affected in 65%. Both before and after intravenous bolus contrast medium administration, the lesions were mainly inhomogeneous and of low density; a masking of the lesions due to the contrast medium administration was not observed; the enhancement pattern was irregular. Calcifications were detected in 96% of the cases, cystic structures in 50%, and cholestasis in 54%. On the basis of the crucial finding of calcifications in combination with the other typical observations, CT seems to be very suitable for the evaluation of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Longitudinal sternotomy--a method for the surgical option in pulmonary and hepatic echinococcosis].

Emphasis is laid on the utilization of longitudinal sternotomy as an operative method of choice, practicable in echinococcosis with bilateral pulmonary location, eventually associated with liver involvement. Experience had with performing longitudinal sternotomy in some of the patients operated in the clinic of thoracic surgery of the Higher Medical Institute--Sofia and in other surgical units throughout the country, covering the period 1985 through 1990, is shared. A clinical case of interest concerning bilateral lung echinococcosis, partially complicated, and associated with hydatid disease of the liver, is described. A new and rational treatment tactics yielding a very good outcome is introduced, namely--single-stage longitudinal sternotomy with right-side frenotomy and echinococcotomy of the lung and liver cysts according to well-established surgical tenets, with ensuing plastic reconstruction of the disrupted right hemidiaphragm integrity and osteosynthesis of the sternum.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Turkey.

Hydatid disease due to cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important public-health and economic problems in Turkey. Human CE occurs throughout Turkey whereas alveolar echinococcosis (AE) predominantly occurs in the eastern Anatolian region of the country. Human AE is also endemic in eastern Azarbaijan and northern Iran. Reports of approximately 207 cases of AE and 21,303 cases of CE in Turkey were published over the periods 1962-1995 and 1987-1994, respectively. Most of the data on cases of hydatid disease in Turkey and the Middle East have been collected from hospital records.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

T lymphocyte cytokine profile at a single cell level in alveolar Echinococcosis.

The metacestode Echinococcus multilocularis causes a life-threatening disease in humans, named alveolar echinococcosis (AE). A comparative analysis of the early activation marker CD69 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with AE and healthy controls after in vitro culture with crude E. multilocularis antigen revealed that specific expression of CD69 was induced in CD4(+)T lymphocytes as well as in CD8(+)T lymphocytes. Using a protocol for intracellular staining of cytokines followed by fluorescence activating cell sorting (FACS) analysis, production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5 and IL-10 was detected in CD4(+)as well as in CD8(+)lymphocytes. Most notably, there was a definite increase in the expression of IL-10 in CD8(+) lymphocytes from patients with alveolar echinococcosis. The data support an important role of CD8(+) lymphocytes in the long persistence of the metacestode.

Adult↗