SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ENTEROBACTERIACEAE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1982

Rapid detection of bacteremia caused by Enterobacteriaceae with subculture in broth and laser nephelometry.

The early detection of Gram-negative rod bacteremia favors the prompt institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. During a 6-week period, blood cultures were subcultured in broth during the first 18 h of incubation. The turbidity of these subcultures was studied by laser nephelometry. Fifty-five percent of the blood cultures positive for Enterobacteriaceae were reported on the same day the sample was taken from the patient; this constitutes a marked acceleration in comparison with the results obtained by a conventional method. The identification and results of the antimicrobial susceptibility tests were available 2 days after the specimen was taken. Early subculture in broth combined with laser nephelometry studies of broth turbidity is readily applied to the study of bacteremia due to Enterobacteriaceae and may favorably influence the outcome of such disease by providing specific results more rapidly.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed2004

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in an Italian intensive care unit: clinical and therapeutical remarks.

In this study we evaluated the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae and the epidemiology of ESBL+ microorganisms in an ICU of our Institution over a 5-year period and analyzed the clinical features and outcomes of the infections caused by these microorganisms. The most frequent ESBL+ isolate was Proteus mirabilis (69 isolates, 58%); a high rate of positive results in the double-disk synergy test (DDS) was also recognized for Klebsiella pneumoniae (52 isolates, 51%), whereas this phenomenon was observed less frequently in other species. In 312 cases the isolated microorganism was considered to be the cause of infection; we documented 103 wound infections, 89 UTIs, 62 LRTIs, 30 primary bacteremias, 27 infections of indwelling catheters and 1 CNS infection. The overall mortality rate due to ESBL+ strains was 1%, compared with 10.6% rate caused by ESBL-negative Enterobacteriaceae. This could be explained because ESBL+ strains caused mostly localized infections (wound infections and UTIs), whereas systemic or severe infections were sustained by ESBL-negative strains, and therapy with carbapenems was started promptly after ESBL+ isolation (always within 24h after strain isolation).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of a selective medium with potassium tellurite to follow intestinal colonization of hospitalized patients by drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Nosocomial infections are a relevant factor in complicating the recovery of patients interned for even minor causes. In a attempt to determine their origin it is crucial to consider that their origin is of an endogenous nature. Looking for an accessible expression of intestinal colonization we analyzed fecal samples from 3 separate groups of hospital patients collected after different lengths of time. For practical reasons one group was studied prospectively and two other groups (patients hospitalized for up to 7 days and patients hospitalized for more than 7 days) were compared to one another. We looked for the emergence of tellurite resistance among Enterobacteriaceae using a selective medium, MacConkey potassium tellurite (MCPT). The frequency of prospectively studied patients with tellurite resistant strains was significantly greater after 7 days of hospitalization. For the two other groups, patients with more than 7 days of hospitalization showed a significant increase of bacterial species and of strains with new antimicrobial resistance markers. High molecular weight plasmids were detected in some of these strains. These data show that the MCPT medium is a useful tool for the investigation of bowel colonization in hospitalized patients by drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Occurrence and antibiotic sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a group of Jordanian patients with community acquired urinary tract infections.

The type and antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract pathogens may differ in various communities. Of 207 isolates recovered from midstream urine specimens collected from a group of patients with community acquired urinary tract infections (UTI), 86% were species of Enterobacteriaceae. The most frequently recovered pathogens were Escherichia coli (82%), Klebsiella spp. (7.3%), Proteus spp. (6.2%), Enterobacter spp. (3.4%) and Citrobacter spp. (1.1%). High rates of resistance were found against ampicillin (95%), tetracycline (86%), carbenicillin (84%), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (48%), and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (45%). For the antibiotics tobramycin, aztreonam, ceftriaxone and gentamicin 7% of the isolates were resistant, while resistance varied from 9-18% for amikacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid and cefuroxime. The incidence of UTI caused by Enterobacteriaceae was three times higher in females than in males, particularly in young and middle age groups (< or = 19 and 20-39 years).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Detection of extended-spectrum b-lactamases in members of the family enterobacteriaceae at a teaching hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of extended spectrum b-lactamase at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to compare the ability of the disc diffusion, double disc potentiation methods and the extended-spectrum b-lactamase E test to detect exended-spectrum b-lactamase among enterobacteriaceae. METHODS: This study was undertaken during the time period period January 1 through to September 30 1999, at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 187 multiresistant isolates of enterobacteriacae from different clinical specimens were tested for the extended-spectrum b-lactamases. The performance of disc diffusion, double disc potentiation methods using cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and aztreonamand the extended-spectrum b-lactamase E based on the reduction of the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftazidime in the presence of clavulanic acid were compared for the detection of extended-spectrum b-lactamase production. RESULTS: Thirty six percent of our isolates produced extended-spectrum b-lactamases. Among these 42% were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 20% were Escherichia coli. Other species of Enterobacteriaceae produced extended-spectrum b-lactamase in low numbers. Disc diffusion method was not suitable for detecting extended-spectrum b-lactamases among the isolates. Double disc potentiation performed comparably well with the extended-spectrum b-lactamases E test. CONCLUSION: Extended-spectrum b-lactamases occurs in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli at a significant number. The use of double disc potentiation method for screening is practical and the extended-spectrum b-lactamase E test with ceftazidime is a useful confirmatory test for extended-spectrum b-lactamase production.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed2005

Molecular characterization of TEM- and SHV-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in hospital-based Enterobacteriaceae in Turkey.

TEM- and SHV-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae have been reported from throughout the world, but there has been limited data for the molecular characterization of these enzymes in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate and to type the TEM- and SHV-derived ESBLs in 63 ESBL-producing clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, and it included further analysis; transfer experiments, isoelectric focusing, PCR, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and DNA sequencing. According to PCR results the transconjugant strains included 52.7% TEM, 74.3% SHV, and 32.4% of both the TEM and SHV genes. Using PCR/NheI restriction analysis, 45 of the 46 ESBL detected in transconjugants were determined to be SHV-derived. DNA sequencing was performed for the identification of TEM- and SHV-derived ESBLs for 18 selected transconjugants. SHV-2, SHV-5, and SHV-12 were detected in five, seven, and five samples, respectively. This is the first description of SHV-12 in Turkey.

Enterobacteriaceae↗

PubMed2006

Bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae other than Escherichia coli and Klebsiella.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carbapenems are considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of serious infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella and Escherichia coli. However, controversy exists about the antibiotic choice for infections due to ESBL-producing organisms of other genera. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated the risk factors and outcomes of 54 adult patients with bacteremia due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae other than Klebsiella spp. or E. coli treated at a tertiary care hospital in northern Taiwan from January 2001-December 2003. Patients were categorized into carbapenem (n = 22) and non-carbapenem (n = 32) treatment groups. All patients had at least one positive blood culture together with fever or other clinical features compatible with systemic infection. RESULTS: Higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, glucocorticoid use, and presentation of septic shock were significant risk factors for mortality (p<0.05). Patients treated with a carbapenem had a better 14-day or overall survival rate (i.e., survived to discharge) than those treated with non-carbapenem antibiotics, although this difference was not significant. Among patients in the non-carbapenem group, the overall survival rates of ciprofloxacin, aminoglycoside, and ceftazidime were 70% (14/20), 62.5% (5/8), and 50% (2/4), respectively (p=0.877). The overall survival rates of the carbapenem (72.7%) and ciprofloxacin (70.0%) groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that ciprofloxacin, when indicated based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, may serve as an alternative choice for infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae other than E. coli or Klebsiella spp. and may not affect the clinical outcome at discharge.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Enterobacteriaceae isolated in nine general hospitals of the Ile-de-France in 1988 and 1989: susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics according to the length of hospitalisation].

Susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics of strains of Enterobacteriaceae consecutively isolated in nine general hospitals during a period of 2 months (march and april) has been studied by the disk-agar diffusion method. The separation between susceptible and resistant strains was based on the measure of the inhibition zones centered by 2 disks: cephalothin and ticarcillin. Enterobacteriaceae were divided in 2 groups: strains isolated during the first 48 h of hospitalisation or isolated after. Fifty one per cent of the strains were isolated during the first 48 h: they did not belong to the residential flora of these hospitals. Klebsiella, Proteus indole positive, Providencia, Enterobacter, Serratia were more frequently isolated after 48 h of hospitalisation. Susceptible strains of Klebsiella, Proteus indole positive, Providencia, Serratia were more rarely isolated after 48 h of hospitalisation. E. coli whatever the duration of hospitalisation, is the less frequent susceptible bacterium.

Cephalothin↗

PubMed1989

[Usefulness of the diagnostic kit Enteroplast for identification of Enterobacteriaceae].

Comparative evaluation of biochemical properties determined by ENTEROPLAST kit (P.P.Z. Plastomed) and biochemical set of tests (conventional method) of 140 strains representing 12 genera of Enterobacteriaceae family was undertaken. Consistent results positive or negative (in 12 biochemical tests) were obtained in 93%. The highest percentage of inconsistent results of biochemical reactions (positive in conventional method and negative in ENTEROPLAST kit) were observed in following tests: growth on Simmons medium--17.8%, MR--7.8%, fermentation of raffinose--7.2%. Significantly lower percentage of inconsistent results was found in the case of false positive reactions (negative in conventional method and positive in ENTEROPLAST kit). In summary, it seems that Enteroplast kit can be used for routine diagnostic examinations for identification of rods of Enterobacteriaceae family, basing on their biochemical properties.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1986

[Up-to-date diagnostic method for the diagnosis of environmental species of the Enterobacteriaceae family].

The Authors propose a new two-steps key for the identification of the species belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae Family. This key can be employed both with standard tube methods and most commercial kits. The proposed method is a simple, easy and rapid one; moreover it considers each genus and species of Enterobacteriaceae Family, associated with human pathology, which has been defined within the month May, 1984.

Enterobacteriaceae↗

PubMed1979

Enterobacteriaceae infections in man and animals and detection of their natural reservoirs in India.

The study presents a summary of the results regarding the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in domestic animals and birds, endeavouring to explain the origin of the infections. Wild reptiles, amphibians, mammalia, rodents and birds were examined into the demonstration of Enterobacteriaceae, whereby particular attention was paid to the following species: Arizona, Edwardsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, Yersinia and Erwinia.

Animal Population Groups↗

PubMed1981

Antibacterial activity of moxalactam (LY-127935) compared with cefotaxime and other beta-lactam antibiotics against clinical isolates of enterobacteriacea and non-fermenters.

The in vitro activity of moxalactam, a new semisynthetic 1-oxa-beta-lactam, was compared to those cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cephalothin, piperacillin and tobramycin against more than 500 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters. The geometric mean MIC against 450 Enterobacteriaceae in microgram/ml was 0.09 for moxalactam, 0.08 for cefotaxime, 5.3 for cefuroxime, 22.9 for cephalothin, 3.5 for piperacillin and 0.72 for tobramycin. The geometric mean MIC in microgram/ml against 60 P. aeruginosa strains was 12.7 for moxalactam, 22.9 for cefotaxime, 6.8 for piperacillin, 1.5 for tobramycin and 2.9 for cefsoludin. The minimum inhibitory and the bactericidal concentrations of moxalactam were almost the same in most species. The effect of the inoculum on the bactericidal concentration was slight, between 10(3) and 10(7) CFU/ml for the E. coli and the Klebsiella strains. In isolates of S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa the bactericidal concentrations increased by 4 to 5 log2 and in isolates of P. mirabilis the increased by 9 log2 with the largest inoculum.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1980

[Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae with the Micro-ID system (author's transl)].

Micro-ID, a new kit system for rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae, was compared with a conventional media-system, the extended Enterotube system (completed with arabinose, rhamnose and the Voges-Proskauer reaction), and partially with the API-20E system. When the computer generated Identification Manual for Micro-ID was consulted the system showed complete agreement at the genus level, but differed in 5% at the species level. Problems arose from misidentifications by nonfermenting organisms. 15 turbid blood cultures with gramnegative rods were tested additionally. In 11 cases the Micro-ID provided correct identification of the species and in further 3 cases of the genus. In summary Micro-ID is easy to handle and an accurate, convenient kit for the short-term identification of Enterobacteriaceae.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1980

Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae associated with bacteremia: a preliminary report.

A preliminary report of a method to rapidly identify Enterobacteriaceae associated with bacteremia is described. When both bottles of a blood culture set revealed gram-negative rods on the Gram stain, an aliquot of the positive culture sample was repeatedly washed in sterile deionized water to remove RBCs and culture media. The concentrated suspension of organisms was used to inoculate API 20ETM identification strips which were generally read within 6-8 hr. Samples were also processed using conventional techniques. Ten episodes of bacteremia associated with Enterobacteriaceae were correctly identified using this rapid system. One Klebsiella pneumoniae with growth only in the aerobic bottle was excluded from the study, but was identified by conventional methods. Further advantages of this protocol are described.

Enterobacter↗

PubMed1999

Identification of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria by direct matrix-assisted laser desorptiom/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of whole cells.

Several members of Enterobacteriaceas were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). Characteristic mass spectral peaks and patterns were observed in the mass range of 2 to 20 kDa. The mass peaks reported to be reproducibly observed by previous researchers, which were claimed to serve as species/strain-specific biomarkers, are consistently observed in our current study. Despite the high degree of similarity found in the MALDI mass spectra within the enteric bacteria, minor yet notable differences existed to allow their differentiation. Five spectral peaks at m/z 4364, 5380, 6384, 6856, and 9540, generated reproducibly for each genus studied here, are assigned as family-specific biomarkers for the Family Enterobacteriaceae. The mass peaks at m/z 7324, 7724, 9136, and 9253 are assigned as genus-specific biomarkers for Salmonella. Some unique biomarkers characterizing the species and strains of E. coli are also presented.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed2004

Piperitone from Mentha longifolia var. chorodictya Rech F. reduces the nitrofurantoin resistance of strains of enterobacteriaceae.

The diluted essential oil of Mentha longifolia (L.) var. chlorodictya Rech F. foliage enhanced the bactericidal activity of nitrofurantoin decreasing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nitrofurantoin for nitrofurantoin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the essential oil detected a fraction (R(f) = 0.35, UV lambda(max) of 232.5), which was the most effective in enhancement of nitrofurantoin activity. Using gas liquid chromatography and known standards, the active fraction was identified as piperitone. 1 microl of the piperitone fraction decreased the MIC of nitrofurantoin 3-20 fold for the different strains of Enterobacteriaceae tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1988

A selection cartridge for rapid detection and analysis of spontaneous mutations including insertions of transposable elements in Enterobacteriaceae.

We present a method that allows positive selection and rapid analysis of mutations in Enterobacteriaceae. Mutations are detected in a 2630 bp selection cartridge inserted in two different bacterial multicopy plasmid vectors. Spontaneous mutations in Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii include insertions, deletions and point mutations. The small size of the target sequence facilitates rapid analysis of DNA rearrangements by cleavage with restriction enzymes and of any type of mutation by DNA sequence analysis. While in E. coli insertions of the mobile elements IS1, IS2 and IS5 were readily found, insertions of putative new transposable elements were detected in Enterobacter cloacae. The selection cartridge can thus serve as a tool for studying the spectrum of insertion mutations in Enterobacteriaceae and probably other Gram-negative bacteria, and the dependency of this spectrum on physiological and environmental factors and the host's genetic background can be investigated.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1978

Iron requirement and chelator production of staphylococci, Streptococcus faecalis and enterobacteriaceae.

The effect of iron deprivation on growth of 101 aerobic strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was studied on agar media in the presence of various concentrations of the synthetic iron chelator ethylene diamine diorthohydroxyphenyl acetic acid (EDDA) and the iron binding protein transferrin. Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis was inhibited by 15 mM EDDA and 1.5 mM transferrin. Staphylococcus aureus was only inhibited by 44 mM EDDA and not by transferrin. None of the strains of S. faecalis was inhibited. The majority of the enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp) was inhibited by 44 mM EDDA and 1.5 mM transferrin. The relation between susceptibility and concentration of EDDA and transferrin was expressed as S-value for each species. Iron supply with various iron compounds could restore the effects of inhibition. In all species except in S. faecalis iron chelator production could be demonstrated, using indicator plates of media containing EDDA and flooded with 10(4)--10(5) colony forming units of indicator organisms. The iron chelator of both S. epidermidis and S. aureus could stimulate growth of S. epidermidis, but not that of enterobacteriaceae. Iron chelators from all gram-negative bacteria were functionally interchangeable, but did not stimulate growth of gram-positive bacteria.

Chelating Agents↗