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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Zonal organization of the vestibulo-cerebellar pathways controlling the horizontal eye muscles using two recombinant strains of pseudorabies virus.

Many studies have documented the influence of the flocculus upon vestibulo-ocular reflex eye movements. Electrical stimulation of Purkinje cells in a central longitudinal zone evoked slow ipsilateral eye movements in the horizontal plane. Recently, the organization of neurons in the vestibulo-cerebellar pathways controlling single lateral rectus and medial rectus muscles was identified in rats using the transynaptic transport of pseudorabies virus. Overlapping distributions of neurons innervating single muscles were located predominantly in a central longitudinal zone of ventral paraflocculi/dorsal flocculi, and the rostral half of ventral flocculi. This study used two isogenic pseudorabies virus recombinants to determine whether individual cells in those brain regions have collateralized projections to motoneuron pools innervating the right lateral rectus and the left medial rectus muscles using different survival times and dual injection paradigms. The infected neurons were detected using dual-labeling immunofluorescence. Three populations of labeled neurons were observed: two populations replicated only one reporter while a third contained both viruses (i.e. dual-labeled). Most dual-labeled cells were located in a central longitudinal zone of the ventral paraflocculus, ipsilateral to the injection into the medial rectus, whereas very few were in the flocculus. This finding suggests that the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus may exert influence upon distinct vestibulo-cerebellar pathways. Most Purkinje cells in the ventral paraflocculus may influence the vestibulo-ocular reflex pathways through collateralization, whereas those in the flocculus may instead provide a monocular control of eye movements.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Cüppers' "Fadenoperation" for complicated eye-muscle disturbances and non-accomodative convergence-excess (author's transl)].

More than ever the "Fadenoperation" according to Cüppers has become an important method to improve the pathological relation between eye position, innervation, and resulting motility. This is achieved by sutural fixation of an over-acting muscle far behind its original insertion. In particular a palsy can be influenced by making a handicap for the contralateral yoke muscle. 40 patients (palsies, nystagmus, strabismus incomitans), who have been treated so far, may demonstrate how the purpose of changing the innervation rather than the length of muscles can be integrated in general therapeutic schemes. The procedure is also helpful in weakening the over-acting int. rectus muscle in strabismus cases with habitual excessive convergence.

Accommodation, Ocular↗