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PubMedDate not supplied

A tumor-targeted nanodelivery system to improve early MRI detection of cancer.

The development of improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that would enhance sensitivity, leading to earlier detection of cancer and visualization of metastatic disease, is an area of intense exploration. We have devised a tumor-targeting, liposomal nanodelivery platform for use in gene medicine. This systemically administered nanocomplex has been shown to specifically and efficiently deliver both genes and oligonucleotides to primary and metastatic tumor cells, resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition and even tumor regression. Here we examine the effect on MRI of incorporating conventional MRI contrast agent Magnevist into our anti-transferrin receptor single-chain antibody (TfRscFv) liposomal complex. Both in vitro and in an in vivo orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer, we show increased resolution and image intensity with the complexed Magnevist. Using advanced microscopy techniques (scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy), we also established that the Magnevist is in fact encapsulated by the liposome in the complex and that the complex still retains its nanodimensional size. These results demonstrate that this TfRscFv-liposome-Magnevist nanocomplex has the potential to become a useful tool in early cancer detection.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Non-invasive screening in hereditary cancer: a randomized controlled trial to test cell-free DNA-based early detection in the CHARM consortium.

Individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes are born with germline genetic variants that significantly increase their lifetime risk of developing multiple cancers. Cancer rates and overall mortality can be reduced with intensive surveillance to facilitate early cancer detection. However, participating in diagnostic imaging and endoscopy surveillance programs is often time-consuming, overwhelming, inconvenient, and anxiety-inducing. To improve this, multi-cancer early detection tests are being developed using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing analysis to detect cancers with more sensitivity than conventional screening methods. Our community (the CHARM consortium: Cell-free DNA in Hereditary And high-Risk Malignancies) has been exploring the use of cfDNA sequencing in hereditary cancer, and has launched the CHARM2 prospective randomized controlled trial, which is enrolling 1000 participants with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Lynch syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1 and Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer to improve equitable access, early detection and surveillance for high-risk individuals. All participants will have screening as per conventional syndrome-specific surveillance recommendations. Half the participants (experimental cohort) will also have cfDNA analysis at least three times a year, with abnormal results triggering dedicated clinical imaging and diagnostic evaluation, and heightened surveillance. Vetted by our patient advisors, validated patient-reported outcome and experience measures assessing participant psychosocial outcomes, engagement, and test preferences will be administered to both arms. Our goal is to inform if and how cfDNA analysis could be implemented into routine clinical care and offer a path to equitable and more convenient cancer screening for all high-risk Canadians.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Prospective trial evaluating immunocytochemical-based sputum techniques for early lung cancer detection: assays for promotion factors in the bronchial lavage.

To confirm the results of a previous report on the use of monoclonal antibodies in immunocytochemical assays of sputums for the early detection of lung cancer, we designed a new prospective trial in an independent clinical trial population. Since well-characterized Stage I resected non-small cell lung cancer patients have a low rate of tumor relapse and a high (1-3%/year) chance of developing a second primary lung cancer, they comprise a very favorable group for conducting an early lung cancer detection trial. The rate of new lung cancer is about 10-fold in excess of a standard "high" risk population of smokers. To optimize the chance for a favorable outcome, all of the technical components for the trial have been systematically evaluated to ensure that optimal procedures are employed. For example, automated immunostaining of the sputum specimens will be performed. Bronchial lavages will be analyzed in a subset of the trial participants to define additional targets for early lung cancer detection. Two markers will be quantitated, including gastrin releasing peptide and peptidyl glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase activity. These two markers assess the epithelium's capacity to produce growth factors which may be central to the biology of tumor promotion. Since these assays have not been performed in this context before, we attempted to optimize the specimen handling to permit the receipt of the material from a range of collaborating clinical sites in a condition that permits accurate quantitation of these two biomarkers. Efforts to standardize the assay endpoint stimulated the development of computer-assisted methods of immunocytochemical analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Cancer prevention and early detection in the upper aero-digestive tract. Results and follow-up from 2 Erlangen field studies].

In view of the increase of malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract-caused mainly by the increasing tobacco and alcohol consumption-as well as the frequent delay in attaining a correct diagnosis with the often unavoidable result of mutilation of the patient, early invalidism and premature death, the search for new ways of early cancer detection and preventive measures becomes understandable. The analysis of the results of two pilot studies in Erlangen should clarify the question as to whether or not the preventive mouth, throat, and larynx examination of persons endangered by the consumption of tobacco and/or alcohol is practical and reasonable as well as medically efficient and economically justifiable.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1993

What is the role of early detection and screening in cancer control?

The guidelines for early cancer detection of the American Cancer Society are critically reviewed. It is concluded that only for some elements of the guidelines relating to breast, cervix and colorectal cancer is there good evidence of effectiveness sufficient for public health policy. However, for breast cancer screening under the age of 50, and prostate cancer screening at any age, the evidence currently does not justify the approaches recommended by the Society.

American Cancer Society↗
PubMed1989

[Groups at risk and early detection of cancer of the colon and rectum].

Early detection of cancer of the colon and rectum is fundamental because survival is linked to the pathologic stage. The population groups at high risk are reviewed, as well as the different screening techniques: search for occult blood in stool (Hemoccult), rectal palpation, rigid rectosigmoidoscopy, flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy, radiology and determination of carcinoembryonic antigen. It is concluded that the Hemoccult test is the most useful technique for early diagnosis and it should be performed in individuals over 40 years and in the high risk population. The other diagnostic tests should be carried out if this test is positive.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Molecular screening for breast cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment planning: combining biomarkers from DNA, RNA, and protein.

The completion of the human genome project, along with the ancillary technologies derived from this effort, provides the ability to comprehensively analyze patient tumors as well as the individual patient's own genetic make-up at the DNA, RNA, and protein level. As a result, novel molecular screening techniques have the potential to push the boundaries of detection to even smaller tumors and also to allow accurate risk assessment, cancer prevention, and treatment planning in individual women. This review focuses on advances over the past 2 years in the use of molecular signatures and circulating tumor cells for early breast cancer detection and for prediction of response to therapy.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2005

Early breast cancer detection practices, health beliefs, and cancer worries in Jewish and Arab women.

BACKGROUND: Breast examinations (BE) for the early detection of breast cancer are the principal way of increasing survival rates in breast cancer. To date, BE practices among Jewish as compared with Arab women, and the factors associated with them have not been examined in Israel. OBJECTIVES: (1) To study differences in BE practices among Arab and Jewish women. (2) To characterize demographic, cognitive, and emotional factors related to Arab and Jewish women's BE practices. METHOD: In 2004, 489 Jewish women and 440 Arab women, ages 20-60, and randomly sampled from the female population of Israel, answered a telephone questionnaire related to BE practices, health beliefs, and breast cancer worries.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Early detection of esophageal cancers, with special reference to the intraepithelial stage].

Panendoscopic examination, performed in 4,130 healthy males older than 50 years, detected 9 esophageal cancers (0.22%). Of these, 6 were classified as early esophageal cancer, and 3 of these 6 had intraepithelial cancers. In efforts to detect early esophageal cancers, especially at the intraepithelial cancer stage, panendoscopic examination seems to be highly useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cancer: improving early detection and prevention. A community practice randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the impact of physician education and facilitator assisted office system interventions on cancer early detection and preventive services. DESIGN: A randomised trial of two interventions alone and in combination. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Physicians in 98 ambulatory care practices in the United States. INTERVENTIONS: The education intervention consisted of a day long physician meeting directed at improving knowledge, attitudes, and skills relevant to cancer prevention and early detection. The office system intervention consisted of assistance from a project facilitator in establishing routines for providing needed services. These routines included division of responsibilities for providing services among physicians and their staff and the use of medical record flow sheets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportions of patients provided the cancer prevention and early detection services indicated annually according to the US National Cancer Institute. RESULTS: Based on cross sectional patient surveys, the office system intervention was associated with an increase in mammography, the recommendation to do breast self examination, clinical breast examination, faecal occult blood testing, advice to quit smoking, and the recommendation to decrease dietary fat. Education was associated only with an increase in mammography. Record review for a patient cohort confirmed cross sectional survey findings regarding the office system for mammography and faecal occult blood testing. CONCLUSION: Community practices assisted by a facilitator in the development and implementation of an office system can substantially improve provision of cancer early detection and preventive services.

Adult↗