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Results for “Environment--changes”

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PubMed2005

[Future trends in school health nursing].

School health nursing is one of the "frontline" professional community nursing services. School nurses need both theoretical professional knowledge and practical skills. The tasks of school nurses are becoming increasingly important due to the changing social environment, changes in disease patterns, decreasing birth rates, and the increasing demands of today's customers. But the field of school health nursing enjoys a certain independence. In line with society's demands, the essential trend in school health nursing is specialization. Planned and well-arranged pre-service education is required to develop programs for school nurse specialists, and, more importantly, we need to return to the advancement system. Nurses working at schools need plenty of clinical, practical experience, ideally having completed in-service education at N3 level in a medical institution, so that they can bring their professional competence into play, and satisfy the demands of their work. In this way, the nurses work in medical institutions will still have opportunities to contribute their skills when they are elderly. This is a constructive and positive development for the nursing profession.

Forecasting↗

PubMed2005

Supporting self-management in patients with chronic illness.

Support of patient self-management is a key component of effective chronic illness care and improved patient outcomes. Self-management support goes beyond traditional knowledge-based patient education to include processes that develop patient problem-solving skills, improve self-efficacy, and support application of knowledge in real-life situations that matter to patients. This approach also encompasses system-focused changes in the primary care environment. Family physicians can support patient self-management by structuring patient-physician interactions to identify problems from the patient perspective, making office environment changes that remove self-management barriers, and providing education individually and through available community self-management resources. The emerging evidence supports the implementation of practice strategies that are conducive to patient self-management and improved patient outcomes among chronically ill patients.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed2005

[Activating protein-1 members in response to changes of wall-shear stress in osteoblastic cells].

OBJECTIVE: To observe activating protein-1 (AP- 1) members in response to changes of wall-shear stress in osteoblastic cells in vitro. METHODS: Isolated and purified osteoblastic cells from the calvaria of newborn SD rats were cultured and subcultured. The third generation cells were subjected to wall-shear stress of 0.8 Pa, 1.2 Pa, 1.4 Pa and 1.6 Pa separately. Gene expression of the seven AP-1 members were studied before (0 h) and 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min after treated with wall-shear stress. RESULTS: The expression of FosB, c-Fos, c-Jun, JunD and JunB mRNA increased transiently after application of 1.2 Pa wall-shear stress in osteoblastic cells compared to 0.8 Pa , 1.4 Pa and 1.6 Pa stress, and peaked at 15 min. CONCLUSION: Mechanical environment changes in osteoblastic cells induced a dramatic induction of most of the AP-1 members.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Research advances in the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on biogenic VOCs emission].

The increasing concentrations of CO2 and O3 in the troposphere have become a focus of both the domestic and foreign researchers, and the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) can be affected by the change of concentrations. The BVOCs with high chemical reactivity may affect the chemical compositions of lower atmosphere, and promote photochemistry air pollution. At one time, the greenhouse effect and global environment changes will be influenced by the BVOCs. The effects of single and joint action of CO2 and 03 on the emitting characteristics of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) were summarized and further researches on this field, especially that of trees in urban areas under the condition of multiple environmental stresses were perspected in this paper.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed2000

Strategic planning for pain practice growth.

Strategy formation involves understanding the environment and strengths and weaknesses of a practice to develop a game plan to achieve goals. It starts with the creation of a mission statement that defines a long-term vision of what the practice seeks to be and the markets it seeks to serve. Once the mission of the practice is understood, the target markets and competition must be analyzed prior to defining the goals. Once a strategic plan is developed, communication with all employees is crucial. Everything that the practice does should be in support of the strategic plan and in pursuit of obtaining the goals contained within. Once created, the strategic plan is the foundation of the practice and should only be changed for compelling reasons such as a competitive threat, environmental changes, or trends in purchasing behavior. Reviewing the strategic plan once a year, making periodic reappraisals and fine-tuning adjustments as the environment changes is crucial. This helps ensure that the practice avoids complacency and affirms that it is in the right business and achieving the desired results.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1990

The immuno-suppressed patient--what are the implications?

Dentists, doctors, and other health professionals are increasingly involved in interacting with immunosuppressed and immuno-deficient patients. As the medico-legal and health-economic environments change, an increasing range of progressively more difficult problems is developing. Like other health professionals, dentists must accept their role as advocates for patients, despite the stresses that this will entail. The psychological and social stresses inherent in handling life-long management problems based upon immuno-suppression and immuno-deficiency exceeds the hazards to dentists and others which result from exposure to various viruses and bacteria. There are implications in terms of history taking, organisation of laboratory and organ-imaging investigations, for continuing education, and for intra-professional referral procedures.

Attitude↗

PubMed1989

Toward the necessary universalizing of a disability policy.

Issues confronting people with disabilities do not result solely from physical or mental impairment, but from the fit between impairments and practically every feature of the social, economic, physical, and political environment. Changes in housing, transportation, and employment policies would augment the quality of daily living for those with disabilities today and in the future. With the entire population facing chronic illness and activity limitations, a universal approach to disability is virtually required, rather than policies focusing exclusively on a person's special needs. The absence of such a universal perspective will lead to the expansion and perpetuation of the segregated and unequal society visible at present.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Polymorphism of rat gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase: effects of the coenzyme and sulfhydryl groups.

Several factors are examined for their implication in the charge heterogeneity and form conversion of rat gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase. The apoenzyme and the holoenzyme are undistinguishable with respect to their pI and to the distribution of enzyme activity in the three forms. The latter are not produced by differential coenzyme binding. Studies for glycoprotein characterization provide evidence that the heterogeneity does not arise from enzyme-bound carbohydrate. Oxidative or reductive environments change the distribution between forms without modifying the molecular weight. Conversion of form III to forms I and II can be effected by treatment with dithiothreitol. A similar loss of negatively charged form occurs upon ageing and is not prevented by an alkylating agent. All three forms show equal sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide and dithiothreitol inhibitions. The oxidation-reduction state of exposed sulfhydryl groups may be responsible at least in part for the charge heterogeneity.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Developmental concerns and the health of midlife women.

Prior to providing anticipatory guidance to a woman approaching or at middle age, the nurse should explore her own and her client's expectations of middle age and work to dispel any existing myths. Menopause is not inevitably a time of increased depression or nervous symptomatology. In addition, women whose children are gone from the home are not at increased risk for depression or low life satisfaction. However, we do know that the majority of women experience vasomotor symptoms including hot flashes and night sweats which are directly attributable to the hormonal changes accompanying menopause. The middle-aged woman may begin to note changes in her physical appearance and level of physical energy. This point in life can also be associated with a variety of transitions, including changes in the parental and marital role, the care and death of aging parents, and the loss of a spouse through death or divorce. As the familial environment changes for a woman, work outside the home may take on a different meaning. This stage of life can be one of growth as the woman seeks new directions or it can be a time of dissatisfaction. No one factor distinguishes those who cope well from those who do not. When identifying those women at risk for midlife developmental crises, the nurse must consider the interaction risk for midlife developmental crises, the nurse must consider the interaction of multiple factors. Preliminary evidence suggests that some women may experience a decreased sense of life satisfaction at the time of menopause.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1986

Regulation of hematopoiesis in rats exposed to antiorthostatic hypokinetic/hypodynamia: II. Mechanisms of the "anemia".

Results are presented which demonstrate a close similarity between the ability of antiorthostatic hypokinetic/hypodynamia and orthostatic hypokinetic/hypodynamia to induce anemia in laboratory rats. The "restraint anemia" (whether mediated directly by reduced activity or indirectly by possible changes in blood circulation or in altered weight-bearing capacity of the skeleton) was largely due to reduced food and/or water consumption and displayed the classical symptoms of inadequate nutrition, i.e. decreased serum erythropoietin (Ep) titers and reduced Ep sensitivity of hematopoietic tissue. Only changes in red blood cell (RBC) clearance were unique to the head-down (antiorthostatic) posture. During suspension, RBC clearance was reduced and then accelerated when suspension was terminated or the cells transfused into a normal environment. Changes in RBC clearance were due to both cell-associated and cell-independent factors and may be related to the alterations in RBC survival seen in rats during or immediately after space flight. In both suspension and weightlessness, these changes were limited to alterations in the force and/or direction of the gravity vector.

Anemia↗

PubMed1967

Qualitative and quantitative characteristics adult Culex pipiens fatigans populations according to time, site and place of capture.

The composition of a vector population is largely influenced by the pressures and modifying effects of the environment. Changes in the latter, whether natural or induced (e.g., by insecticides) will be reflected in the former. Thus if the existing characteristics of a vector population are determined, the parameters can subsequently be used to assess the effect of control measures.The effect of environmental conditions on the density and parity of Culex pipiens fatigans in catches in Burma is illustrated by a comparison of results obtained in Kemmendine, which is served by a bucket system for the removal of night-soil, with those from South Okkalapa, which has pit latrines; in the latter area there is a large preponderance of young mosquitos in the monsoon period, in contrast to the situation in Kemmendine.In Kemmendine, the inside-biting catch is reduced by about one-half if an inside-resting catch is made simultaneously. This suggests that C. p. fatigans rests indoors before biting indoors and that an efficient insecticide for inside application would markedly reduce the mosquito population. When a correction is made for the inside-resting catch it is shown that there is little to choose between inside- and outside-biting catches as measures of the activity of C. p. fatigans. The chances of acquiring infection are at least as great out of doors as indoors and this may account for differences in infectivity among different ethnic groups, according to the extent that they sleep out of doors.Differences in parity and in the state of infection of mosquitos according to the type of catch and the time of catching are discussed. Finally, it is noted that, although most male mosquitos are obtained in inside-resting catches, a considerable number, surprisingly, are taken on bait; the reason for this is not yet known.

Adaptation, Biological↗

PubMed1977

Carboxyhaemoglobin saturation in relation to smoking and various occupational conditions.

The effects of smoking and occupational conditions on COHb saturation were studied among employees on traffic duty, in restaurants, in iron foundries, and in an office. The subjects were 139 smokers and 152 nonsmokers working in the same environments. Changes in COHb saturation were observed in samples of blood obtained before and after the working period. Samples of air were collected during the working hours in restaurants, in foundries and in office, 190 samples in all, for the determination of content of CO. Among the nonsmokers there was no change in COHb saturation in restaurants and in office work. On traffic duty and in iron foundries the increase was significant, but the values after work were less than half the permitted occupational threshold limit value (TLV) level of 6 per cent units. In the smoking group the mean values of COHb saturation before work were about twice the mean COHb saturation in the nonsmokers after work. In office work and in foundries the mean COHb saturations after the work exceeded the permitted TLV.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

In vivo distribution of carrier protein/67Ga-complexes.

The uptake of 67Ga as citrate, chloride and complexed by carrier-proteins (lactoferrin and transferrin) has been studied in tumor- and inflammatory lesion-bearing rats. Different uptake patterns are shown by tumors and lesions. 67Ga-transferrin complexes are taken up to the highest extent by tumors and inflammatory lesions. The comparative distribution studies using normal animals indicate a systemic increase of 67Ga uptake by tumor- and lesion-bearing animals which might be of importance in explaining the mechanism of 67Ga accumulation. The role of ionic environment changes and radioactivity concentration by isomorphous ionic replacement is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Is the doubly deleted alpha-thalassemia gene a "fugitive" allele?

The alpha-thalassemias (particularly in Asia) can be considered as a three-allele system, with one "normal" allele (N) consisting of a pair of closely linked alpha-chain loci, a second "single" allele (S) in which one of the loci has been lost by deletion, and a third "double" allele (D) in which both have been lost. Representatives of all the sets of fitnesses leading to the maintenance of this condition by selection for malaria resistance have been explored, and after the discarding of unlikely sets of fitnesses, it is found that there will be three outcomes: (1) the S chromosome is fixed, (2) the S and N chromosomes form a stable polymorphism, and (3) the N and D chromosomes form a stable polymorphism, but this can be lost and the population forced to fixation by the introduction of sufficiently large number of S chromosomes. Some Melanesian populations appear to have reached outcome (1), while frequencies in African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern populations are not incompatible with outcome (2). Southeast Asian populations, however, which carry S and D chromosomes in high frequency, may be in a state of flux. The D chromosome may form a polymorphism with N locally, but it can be driven from the local population by the introduction of large numbers of S chromosomes. The D chromosome would thus be somewhat analogous to a fugitive species, which can only exist in certain transient environments and is displaced as the environment changes. The possibility that N, S, and D are coexisting as a stable polymorphism can almost certainly be ruled out by a consideration of fitness sets required.

Alleles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Iron, intracellular calcium ion, lipid peroxidation and carcino-genesis.

The evaluation of the accumulated experimental results on the action of complexed iron on cells indicates that the provoked cell injury is rather the consequence of an inhibition of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration regulatory system than an effect of iron-induced lipid peroxidation. The role of the consequent intracellular ionic environment change in the preneoplastic and neoplastic transformation of the cell is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Moving from the operating room to home care.

Although a change in career can be frightening, a nurse can reap many benefits in a change to home care nursing. With the health care environment changing, home care is increasing and offers a nurse a chance to refresh her enthusiasm for individual patient care and put to use her collective skills learned along the way.

Career Mobility↗

PubMed1976

Lac Repressor. Fluorescence of the two tryptophans.

By comparing the fluorescence emission properties of the wild type lac repressor with two lac repressors altered at tryptophan 190 and 209, respectively, we show that tryptophan residue 209 has its environment changed, either by its own motion, or that of the surrounding amino acids when an inducer molecule is bound. Substitution of this tryptophan with other amino acids results in lac respressor molecules with reduced affinity for inducer molecules, indicating that the geometry at residue 209 affects the geometry of the inducer-binding site. From the results of potassium iodide quenching of fluorescence from the tryptophans, and from attempts to react the native lac repressor with dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl) sulfonium bromide and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide, we propose that tryptophan residue 209 is involved in a conformational change of the protein upon binding of inducer, but does not come in direct contact with inducer.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1994

Reorganization: premises, processes, and pitfalls.

As the technological environment changes and libraries assume new and more active roles in their institutions, the traditional library hierarchy ceases to be an effective organizational structure. Guided by theories that emphasize teamwork, quality, and employee empowerment and participation, libraries are developing flatter, more networked organizations. The Health Sciences Library at Columbia University in New York, New York, recently underwent a reorganization in an effort to become a more resilient, more flexible organization. The process was beneficial overall. While some errors and confusion occurred, these are seen as opportunities for learning and evidence of the library's new atmosphere of creativity and experimentation.

Hospital Restructuring↗