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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Does daily intake of green-yellow vegetables reduce the risk of cancer in man? An example of the application of epidemiological methods to the identification of individuals at low risk.

A cohort study, still in progress, of 265 118 adults aged 40 and above in 29 health centre districts in Japan, was begun in the autumn of 1965; it has shown that daily consumption of green-yellow vegetables significantly reduces the risk of cancers at all sites and of cancers at selected sites such as stomach and lung. The risk was seen to rise steadily with decreased intake of green-yellow vegetables. Mantel-extension chi tests on (1) crude, (2) age-standardized, (3) age-smoking-standardized, (4) age-meat-intake-standardized, and (5) age-social-class-standardized mortality rates for cancers at all sites and cancers of stomach and lung by frequency of green-yellow vegetable intake revealed a significant association and suggested a possible beneficial effect of beta-carotene intake in preventing major cancers in man. Successful intervention by such means appears to be attainable, since a greater than 25% decrease in mortality from stomach cancer was seen during the first five years in groups who increased the frequency of intake.

Diet↗
PubMed1986

Numbers that count: analytic methods for hospital epidemiology, Part 1.

The hospital epidemiologist is responsible for generating information that will be used to evaluate and assure high quality, minimal risk medical care. To accomplish this objective, the epidemiologist uses standard epidemiologic methods. Although used primarily in infection control, these methods are also applicable in the analysis of other types of institutional risks and in the assessment of quality of care. This review provides the reader, who we assume has minimal formal training in epidemiology and statistics, with some basic tools for analyzing data and generating useful information. We consider three major topic areas: basic concepts regarding numbers and data, analysis of nominal data, and analysis of discrete and continuous data. Hypothetical problems that may be encountered in the hospital illustrate the application of epidemiologic methods to studies of risk control, quality assurance, and infection control. The infection control practitioner who is adept in using epidemiologic methods to solve infection control problems should be able to adapt these methods to other programs in her or his institution.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2004

[Strategy for administering hepatitis B vaccine to newborns in Bosnia-Herzegovina].

BACKGROUND: Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination is the best effective measure for prevention hepatitis B infection in the countries with intermediate to high levels of HB endemicity. METHODS: Epidemiological methods of research had the aim to follow the incidence rates of viral hepatitis B and HBsAg carriers and to determine influence on the risks of transmission hepatitis B infection in new-borns in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serologic immunogenic quality of hepatitis B vaccine is researched. RESULTS: Bosnia and Herzegovina has high incidence of hepatitis B virus in the Europe. The incidence of HBsAg carriers is changing with increasing from 2000. to 2003. Data from this surveillance show in Bosnia and Herzegovina that in one notified case of hepatitis B there is 3.59 cases of HBsAg carriers. Hepatitis B vaccine induces anti-HBs antibodies titres > 10 IJ/ml, considered as seroprotective in 99, 10% vaccinated. CONCLUSION: Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination is new vaccine in national immunization program in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hepatitis B vaccines are safe and effective in inducing neutralizing HBs antibodies play and have important role in protecting new-borns.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed2001

Discriminating mild parkinsonism: methods for epidemiological research.

Methods for the efficient and accurate detection of parkinsonism are essential for epidemiological studies. We sought to determine whether parkinsonism could be detected by a neurologist from a videotaped assessment and whether neurobehavioral methods (motor, cognitive, and sensory) discriminated between patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls. Fifteen patients with mild PD (Hoehn and Yahr I-III) were compared to 15 age-, sex-, and education- matched controls. Each participant underwent a videotaped neurological examination (based on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, UPDRS), administered by a trained technician, and reviewed by a neurologist, as well as a series of neurobehavioral tests. The neurologist identified PD patients with 86% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Among the neurobehavioral tests, finger tapping, combined with one or more among olfaction, visual contrast sensitivity, or Paired Associates Learning, correctly classified 90%, or more, of subjects. Individual psychological tests did not discriminate reliably between groups. We conclude that videotaped assessments of parkinsonism or objective tests of motor and sensory function can accurately detect patients with PD. Both approaches have potential for identifying PD cases, but the latter may be more efficient for screening.

Cognition Disorders↗