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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of the 7 21 Robertsonian translocation on fertilization rates and preimplantation development of bovine oocytes in vitro.

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of the 7/21 Robertsonian translocation on fertilization and subsequent development of bovine oocytes matured in vitro. Semen from Japanese Black bulls, 2 with a normal karyotype (Bulls A and B) and 2 that were heterozygous for the 7/21 translocation (Bulls C and D), was used in this study. In vitro matured bovine oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed sperm capacitated with heparin. After insemination, oocytes were cultured at 38.5 degrees C on a monolayer of cumulus cells in TCM-199 supplemented with 5% superovulated cow serum and 0.5 mM sodium pyruvate in an atmosphere of 2% CO2 in air. Cleavage rate was evaluated at 54 h after insemination, and development of embryos to the blastocyst stage was observed 7 to 10 d post insemination. There was no difference in the fertilization rate among the 4 bulls. Although the cleavage rate of oocytes inseminated with semen from Bull C (heterozygote) was lower (P < 0.05) than that obtained with semen from Bull B (normal), the blastocyst formation rate did not differ among the 4 bulls. These results indicate that the 7/21 Robertsonian translocation had no effect on the fertilization and blastocyst formation rates of bovine in vitro-matured oocytes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Influence of microsurgical reanastomosis of the fallopian tube on luminal pH and PO2 and on the fertilization rate and embryo development in the rabbit oviduct.

The luminal pH and PO2 were measured in rabbit oviducts to evaluate the influence of microsurgery on the environment within the fallopian tube before and after resection of a 1 cm ampullary portion with subsequent tubal reanastomosis. While the oxygen tension showed no difference between the operated oviduct (56 +/- 16 mmHg, n = 8) and the control side (53 +/- 13 mmHg, n = 8), there was a significant pH decrease in the oviducts after microsurgery (7.94 +/- 0.10, n = 8, versus 7.75 +/- 0.16, n = 8, p less than 0.0025). In the second part of the experiment the operated animals were induced to ovulate by hCG injection, and artificial insemination was performed at the same time. The number of fertilized and unfertilized oocytes and the stages of embryonic development (64 h post hCG) were compared between the operated and control oviducts. From the operated oviducts a lower number of ova were recovered and a lower rate of fertilization was observed. The data indicate that microsurgery of the rabbit fallopian tube does not disturb the luminal oxygen tension but may cause a lower pH. Ultimately a reduced rate of fertilization and impaired early development were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Predictive value of the number of oocytes retrieved at ultrasound-directed follicular aspiration with regard to fertilization rates and pregnancy outcome in intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment cycles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of oocytes sufficient for satisfactory fertilization and pregnancy rates in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. SETTING: A private assisted conception unit. PATIENT(S): Women in whom at least one oocyte was retrieved in consecutive ultrasound-directed follicular aspirations between June 1999 and June 2001. INTERVENTION(S): Standard protocol for pituitary down-regulation and ovarian stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Number of oocytes retrieved, embryos transferred, fertilization, and pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): The numbers of oocytes obtained per cycle were classified into groups A, B, C, and D, consisting of 110, 124, 96, and 122 cycles, with 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, >15 oocytes retrieved from each patient in each group, respectively. The chance of not obtaining a viable oocyte for injection was highest in group A (5.5%). Most fertilization failures occurred in group A (11.8%). Total cleavage failure occurred in the greatest percentage of cycles in group A (3.6%) with a significantly lower mean number of embryos (1.9 +/- 1.7) being transferred. The clinical pregnancy rate was also lowest in group A (7.1%) compared with groups B (25.8%), C (20.8%), and D (23.8%). CONCLUSION(S): Retrieval of between 6 and 10 oocytes per patient and transfer of a maximum of three cleavage-stage embryos results in high pregnancy rates.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Successful pregnancy after ICSI with strontium oocyte activation in low rates of fertilization.

Fertilization failure (complete fertilization failure or low fertilization rates) after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can occur in rare cases. In the majority of these cases, the unfertilized oocytes are inactivated. Assisted oocyte activation was applied as a treatment option for a case of low fertilization rate as a clinical trial. A patient with a low fertilization rate (ranging from 0% to 33.3%; mean = 17.0%) after eight previous ICSI cycles at another hospital, was diagnosed with fertilization failure. The most likely cause of fertilization failure was failure of oocyte activation. Therefore, artificial oocyte activation by strontium treatment was combined with ICSI to achieve viable fertilized oocytes. Oocytes were stimulated with strontium (10 mM SrCl(2), 60 min) approximately 30 min after ICSl. Six injected oocytes were stimulated and all were then successfully fertilized. Two blastocysts were transferred into the uterus, resulting in a pregnancy and birth. A second pregnancy was achieved following implantation of two cryopreserved embryos (one blastocyst and one morula). In conclusion, strontium treatment was found to be an effective method for artificial oocyte activation in a case with a low fertilization rate after ICSI.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Chemotherapy for bone sarcoma does not affect fertility rates or childbirth.

There have been unprecedented improvements in the survival of patients with bone sarcomas because of advances in chemotherapy during the past two decades. However, along with improved survival, there have been concerns of gonadal toxicity and fertility. These problems with chemotherapy are well documented for conditions like lymphomas and testicular cancers. There are few reports on fertility outcomes with chemotherapy for bone sarcomas. The purpose of this study was to review the rate of successful conceptions, pregnancy outcomes, incidence of birth defects, and fertility rates in young adults who had chemotherapy for high-grade bone sarcomas. A retrospective chart review of all eligible patients was done. No laboratory assessment of fertility was done. Fifteen of the 36 patients attempted conceptions, and all were successful [corrected] One miscarriage occurred and one medical termination of pregnancy was done because of a spinal metastasis. There were 13 successful full-term pregnancies with no birth defects. The conception rate was 1.6. Despite the common misconception of probable infertility, these patients can have high expectations to conceive, with uneventful childbirth and no birth defects in the newborns. Although counseling should include the possibility of infertility, patients also should be reminded of the high rate of success of having a normal conception and childbirth.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Predictive value of chromatin decondensation in vitro on fertilization rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

This study was undertaken to identify the relationship between sperm chromatin decondensation after incubation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), or heparin at various points of time. Likewise, this study will determine chromatin stability within definite time intervals, chromatin decondensation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and whether chromatin decondensation in vitro could be used as a predictive test for fertilization capability after ICSI. Sixty-five infertile couples undergoing ICSI therapy were included in this prospective study. Male factor infertility was the main indication for inclusion. One millilitre from each semen sample after washing was mixed with SDS-EDTA (group 1) or SDS/heparin (group 2) and incubated for 120 min. Many smears were made within 10 min of mixing the spermatozoa with detergent and the reducing agents and at the following points of time 30, 60 and 120 min and after 24 h. Chromatin decondensation was evaluated after staining with acridine orange (AO). The mean percentage of uncondensed chromatin of spermatozoa in the semen sample in the first group before addition of SDS/EDTA was 26.1 +/- 19.0 and 22.3 +/- 18.9% in the second one. After incubation of spermatozoa for 30, 60 and 120 min and 24 h, the chromatin decondensation increased in the first group to 64.0 +/- 28.6, 83.0 +/- 21.1, 87.9 +/- 14.6, 92.1 +/- 16.2 and 98.0 +/- 6.75%, respectively. The corresponding values in the second group were 69.5 +/- 29.9, 78.6 +/- 22.4, 86.9 +/- 17.1, 95.13 +/- 6.5 and 98.3 +/- 5.6%. On the other hand, no correlations were found between the chromatin decondensation or chromatin decondensation rate in vitro and the fertilization rates in all investigated groups. In conclusion, neither the chromatin decondensation ability in vitro nor the rate of chromatin decondensation between various points of time after using SDS/EDTA, SDS/heparin could predict the chromatin decondensation of spermatozoa (fertilization capability) after ICSI.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Partial zona dissection enhances the fertilization rate in cases of sperm defect only when total failure has occurred in previous in-vitro fertilization attempts.

The value of partial zona dissection (PZD) was assessed in a randomized protocol of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) including 30 couples (44 cycles) with at least two sperm defects. Couples were divided into three groups according to previous IVF status, i.e. group I: total failure of previous IVF; group II: marginal success of previous IVF, and group III: no previous IVF. Both PZD and untreated oocytes were inseminated using the swim-across method. Although PZD did not enhance the overall proportion of fertilized eggs resulting in diploid cleaving embryos per retrieved oocyte (14.7 versus 17.1%), this rate was higher with PZD than with IVF when previous IVF attempts had failed (group I: 16.1 versus 4.5%, P < 0.01). The rate was similar for PZD and IVF in group II, and lower for PZD than IVF in group III (15.1 versus 30.8%, P < 0.01). The higher polyspermy rate associated with PZD in groups in which classical IVF worked, could partially explain these results. The role of a possible deleterious effect of PZD on the oocytes is discussed. Out of the 44 cycles, 20 reached the embryo transfer stage and four pregnancies were obtained. In our opinion PZD should be carried out in cases of sperm defects only when previous IVF attempts have failed.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1993

[Andrologic indications for assisted reproduction techniques. When can increased fertilization rates by assisted reproduction be expected?].

Basics: When the cause of a sterile marriage must be assumed to lie with the husband, attempts are often made to resolve the problem by applying the techniques of assisted reproduction, viz insemination and in vitro fertilization (IVF). In such a case, this is the treatment of the wife, who may herself be completely healthy. Major points: In the case of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) syndrome, the various techniques available are unable to decisively increase the conception rate. In particular, all IVF working groups are agreed that successes are greatly reduced in the case of inferior sperm quality, as compared with other indications. The "poorer" the original findings, the lower are the fertilization rates. The costs of IVF of about DM 6,000 per cycle mean that, with a success rate of some 8%, the overall cost for each pregnancy is about DM 72,000. This fact tends not to receive sufficient mention in discussions with the married couple. So far, it has not been possible to predict the success rate of an IVF on the basis of an examination of the ejaculate with any degree of accuracy with the aid of the parameters sperm cell density, motility and morphology. Nor do biological tests or an investigation of acrosome function help improve the situation. Even the direct observation of the fertilization of a human ovum, is of questionable value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Fertilization in Vitro↗
PubMed2006

Nitrous oxide fluxes in turfgrass: effects of nitrogen fertilization rates and types.

Urban ecosystems are rapidly expanding and their effects on atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) inventories are unknown. Our objectives were to: (i) measure the magnitude, seasonal patterns, and annual emissions of N2O in turfgrass; (ii) evaluate effects of fertilization with a high and low rate of urea N; and (iii) evaluate effects of urea and ammonium sulfate on N2O emissions in turfgrass. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied to turfgrass: (i) urea, high rate (UH; 250 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)); (ii) urea, low rate (UL; 50 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)); and (iii) ammonium sulfate, high rate (AS; 250 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)); high N rates were applied in five split applications. Soil fluxes of N2O were measured weekly for 1 yr using static surface chambers and analyzing N2O by gas chromatography. Fluxes of N2O ranged from -22 microg N2O-N m(-2) h(-1) during winter to 407 microg N2O-N m(-2) h(-1) after fall fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization increased N2O emissions by up to 15 times within 3 d, although the amount of increase differed after each fertilization. Increases were greater when significant precipitation occurred within 3 d after fertilization. Cumulative annual emissions of N2O-N were 1.65 kg ha(-1) in UH, 1.60 kg ha(-1) in AS, and 1.01 kg ha(-1) in UL. Thus, annual N2O emissions increased 63% in turfgrass fertilized at the high compared with the low rate of urea, but no significant effects were observed between the two fertilizer types. Results suggest that N fertilization rates may be managed to mitigate N2O emissions in turfgrass ecosystems.

Air Pollutants↗