PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of divalent cations on gastrointestinal hormone release and exocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three common divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+) on the release of cholecystokinin (CCK-33), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and gastrin. Five dogs with pancreatic and gastric fistulas were given 1-h intraduodenal infusions of calcium (5 mmol X kg-1 X h-1), magnesium (4 mmol X kg-1 X h-1), or zinc (1 mmol X kg-1h-1). At another time the same dogs were given an intravenous bolus followed immediately by a 1-h infusion of calcium (0.36 mmol/kg [bolus], 0.36 mmol X kg-1 X h-1), magnesium (0.25 mmol/kg [bolus], 0.25 mmol X kg-1 X h-1), or zinc (0.03 mmol/kg [bolus], 0.03 mmol X kg-1 X h-1). Intraduodenal infusions of calcium, magnesium, and zinc significantly stimulated CCK-33, PP, and gastrin release. Intravenous calcium stimulated CCK-33, PP, and gastrin release to 245, 193, and 155% of basal levels, respectively. Intravenous magnesium increased CCK-33 to 123% of basal levels but did not stimulate PP and gastrin levels. Intravenous zinc stimulated release of CCK-33, PP, and gastrin to 126, 185, and 124%, respectively. This study shows that calcium, magnesium, and zinc can stimulate release of CCK-33, PP, and gastrin in much the same manner. We suggest that these cations may have a nonspecific electrical action that results in an alteration of membrane permeability, which leads to release of gastrointestinal hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Studies on gastrointestinal hormone and jejunal interdigestive migrating motor complex in patients with or without early dumping syndrome after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for early gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: There has been no report concerning fasting Roux limb motilities and gut hormone in patients with early dumping syndrome (EDS) after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The present study investigated interdigestive migrating motor complex, phase III (IMMC-pIII) in the Roux limb, changes in the plasma gut hormone levels, and the relationships among those parameters and EDS. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (35 men, 13 women; aged 33 to 69 years, mean, 59.8) 1.5 to 2.0 years (mean 1 year, 8 months) after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for early gastric cancer were allocated to two groups based on the presence or absence of EDS. The occurrence of IMMC-pIII was compared and changes in the plasma levels of both motilin (MT) and somatostatin (SOM) were monitored. RESULTS: None of the patients with EDS (n = 8) were recognized as having IMMC-pIII. In the IMMC-pIII positive group, MT and SOM increased sequentially from phase I through IMMC-pIII. In the IMMC-pIII negative group, MT and SOM were significantly lower than in the IMMC-pIII positive group during phases I, II, and IMMC-pIII (P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is an absence of IMMC-pIII in patients with EDS, and both MT and SOM might be necessary for IMMC-pIII generation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Gastrointestinal hormone mRNA expression in human colonic adenocarcinomas, hepatic metastases and cell lines.

Aims-(1) To investigate the expression of the four main hormones of the digestive tract by performing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on a series of samples, comprising tumoral and healthy colonic tissues, hepatic metastases and colonic cell line samples; and (2) to study the patterns of labelling obtained with serological and morphological markers.Methods-After extraction and reverse transcription, gastrin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) mRNAs were detected by PCR and nested PCR using specific primers. The corresponding proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results-The cell lines expressed all four mRNAs. Gastrin mRNA was present in most tumoral and metastatic samples, while the somatostatin transcript was detected in all samples and was frequently overexpressed in the normal colon. TGFalpha mRNA was expressed systematically in tumours of the right and transverse colon, but not in those located in the left colon; the expression of CCK mRNA was systematically absent in the left colon.Conclusions-The data presented here shed some light on the transcriptional events involved in the production of the various hormones present in the gastrointestinal tract, in both healthy and tumoral tissues. The various mRNAs expressed in cell lines are therefore not systematically expressed in the human pathology.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

The importance of acclimatisation and habituation to experimental conditions when investigating the anorectic effects of gastrointestinal hormones in the rat.

OBJECTIVE: Peptide YY3-36 (PYY(3-36)), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are gastrointestinal-derived hormones that are released postprandially in proportion to the amount of calories ingested. All significantly reduce food intake following peripheral administration to rodents. We have investigated the effect of handling, exposure to a novel environment or to environmental enrichment on the anorectic effect of these gut hormones. RESULTS: Results suggest that the transfer of a rat into a novel environment (cage change) inhibits the anorectic response to peripherally administered PYY(3-36) and oxyntomodulin (1 h food intake reduction (% saline control): PYY/home cage 82.3 +/- 5.9%, P < 0.05; PYY/clean cage 103.4 +/- 9.7%; oxyntomodulin/home cage 71.6 +/- 12.1%, P < 0.05; oxyntomodulin/clean cage 103.0 +/- 8.5%) and attenuates the anorectic response to GLP-1 and CCK (1 h food intake reduction (% saline control): GLP-1/home cage 68.8 +/- 6.4%, P < 0.01; GLP-1/clean cage 80.0 +/- 9.3%; CCK/home cage 49.8 +/- 6.2%, P < 0.001; CCK/clean cage 69.4 +/- 10.6%, P < 0.05). We have also observed that exposure to a novel environment does not alter anorectic effect of peripherally administered melanocortin 3/4 receptor agonist, melanotan II (MTII) (1 h food intake reduction (% saline control): MTII/home cage 32.0 +/- 6.3%, P < 0.001; MTII/clean cage 24.8 +/- 4.2%, P < 0.001). The attenuation in food intake observed following exposure to a novel environment can be attributed, in part, to a significant reduction in the food intake of the saline treated animals. In a further study, the anorectic effect of peripherally administered PYY(3-36) is attenuated in unhandled rats (88 +/- 4.2% saline control, P = ns) or rats exposed to environmental enrichment (103.3 +/- 9.7% saline control, P = ns), but not in animals that were handled extensively prior to the study (80.1 +/- 7.3% saline control, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These studies highlight the importance of handling, acclimatisation and habituation of rodents to experimental conditions prior to investigating the ability of gut hormones to alter food intake.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1981

Action of gastrointestinal hormones on the myoelectric activity of the sphincter of Oddi in living rabbit.

The aim of this work was to compare the action of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones on the myoelectrical activity of the sphincter of Oddi. Using an experimental design previously described, we studied the electrical activity of the sphincter of Oddi and compared the percentage variation in the number of spikes before and after injection of hormones. Increasing doses of the following hormones were injected i.v. at random: CCK, OP-CCK, caerulein, bombesin, gastrin, secretin and glucagon. CCK and caerulein (as previously found), and also bombesin, OP-CCK and gastrin increased the spikes activity of the sphincter of Oddi. Secretin had no effect and glucagon decreased this activity. There was no tachyphylaxis, but a good dose-effect relationship for each hormone. Compared on a molar basis caerulein is 8 times more effective than CCK and OP-CCK which in turn are more potent than bombesin. Gastrin acts only at pharmacological doses.

Ampulla of Vater↗