The fluorescein string test in gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
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Fluorescein↗
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Results for “HEMORRHAGE, GASTROINTESTINAL”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage from a diverticulum of the appendix.
A patient with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage found to be bleeding from a diverticulum of the appendix is presented. Appendectomy was curative and pathologic changes were those associated with colonic diverticular hemorrhage. A review of the literature reveals this to be a previously unreported cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Appendectomy↗
A CHEAP, EFFECTIVE GASTRIC COOLING APPARATUS FOR THE CONTROL OF GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.
Gastric cooling (as opposed to freezing) is a useful adjunct in the management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Commercial machines for this purpose are expensive. A simple system is described in which cooled tap water is circulated through an extragastric reservoir, using an applicator modified slightly from the original design described by Wangensteen. The entire system can be made up in any hospital workshop at a cost of less than ten dollars. Tested in the laboratory and clinically, it has been found to be easy to set up, readily monitored, and safe. It has effectively controlled bleeding in seven of eight patients treated by this device.
Cryosurgery↗
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an aortoduodenal fistula: endoscopic considerations.
A case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage from a secondary aortoduodenal fistula, treated with removal of the prosthesis and reconstruction of duodenal and aortic wall, is reported. The endoscopic findings that provided a preoperative diagnosis are discussed.
Aged↗
Colonic varices: a rare, but important cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
The diagnosis of colonic varices, a rare cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, may be exceedingly difficult. If this entity is not considered, a rectal or colonic biopsy may lead to brisk and dangerous bleeding, as in our patient on two separate occasions. Once the diagnosis is made, appropriate surgery will prevent future bleeding episodes.
Adult↗
[Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in urological diseases].
The authors analyse 28 cases of gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) in urological diseases and after uronephrological operations, emphasize factors of uremic intoxication and relevant complications provoking DIC syndrome. Various factors leading to stress (acute blood loss, shock, sepsis) and development of immunodeficiency disturbed morphostructure of gastric and duodenal mucosa and provoked hemorrhage which was stopped most efficiently by fibrogastroduodenoscopy with coagulation of the bleeding vessel. If this operation failed, open surgery was performed. Conservative measures consisted in DIC syndrome management policy.
Adult↗
A fibreendoscopic study of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in Nairobi, Kenya.
A prospective survey of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the major government hospital of Kenya was done using fibre-optic esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Of 66 African patients presenting with hematemesis and melena, a precise visual diagnosis was made in 89%. Duodenal ulcer was most common, accounting for 53%, but esophageal varices occurred in 20%. Gastric ulcers and esophagitis were surprisingly infrequent. There was a correlation between hemorrhage from esophageal varices and schistosomiasis distribution. Variceal bleeding occurred in a young age group (mean age 28 yr) and correlated closely with the presence of splenomegaly. These findings have implications for the diagnostic approach and management of patients from areas of endemic schistosomiasis.
Acute Disease↗
Sturge-Weber syndrome: a rare cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
A case of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) with gastrointestinal hemorrhage is presented. SWS is a neurocutaneous disorder characterized by cutaneous facial angioma leptomeningeal angioma with seizures and other neurologic complications. Associated anomalies beyond the encephalofacial territory are very rare. The patient presented repeated bleeds from extensive gastric varices of the fundus secondary to a splenic venous malformation. This is the first report on this association to our knowledge.
Adult↗
[Iatrogenic gastrointestinal hemorrhages. A review of 108 cases (author's transl)].
Macroscopic gastrointestinal hemorrhages caused by the consumption of oral drugs are relatively scarce among patients receiving antirheumatic treatment. On the other hand, in a high percentage of all cases of digestive bleeding, antirheumatic drugs were administered shortly beforehand. A review of 216 cases with hematemesis and/or melena are presented. In 50 percent of the patients there was evidence of previous administration of potentially ulcerogenic drugs capable of causing hemorrhages in the digestive tract. Salicylates predominated among the compounds that were considered to be responsible for hemorrhages (salicylates, corticosteroids, reserpine, and other antirheumatic products). The mechanisms involved in producing iatrogenic hemorrhages were examined and the drugs were classified as precipitating and directly ulcerogenic compounds. Precipitating drugs were those which were able to reactivate a preexisting lesion (reserpine, glucocorticoids, phenylbutazone, etc.). The ulcerogenic drugs included those products that could provoke a lesion of previously unimpaired digestive mucosa (salicylates).
Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
Primary aortoesophageal fistula: presenting as massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Primary aortoesophageal fistula is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A six-year-old boy presented with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Endoscopy revealed a submucosal bulge in the esophagus with an ulcer and clot at the top. Lateral skiagram of the chest showed a posterior mediastinal mass. CT scan of the chest revealed a ruptured aortic aneurysm into the oesophagus, confirmed the diagnosis. The patient succumbed to the illness before he could be subjected to definitive treatment.
Aortic Dissection↗
Local inhibition of the fibrinolytic system in patients with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
The effect or oral tranexamic acid on massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was evaluated in a randomized double-blind study. Totally 50 patients entered the trial and seven were excluded, leaving 22 placebo treated and 21 tranexamic acid treated for analysis. The groups were comparable regarding sex, age, diagnosis, and initial laboratory data. Transfusions requirements and operation frequency did not differ. Mortality was slightly reduced and death delayed in tranexamic acid treated patients.
Administration, Oral↗
Endoscopic neodymium:YAG laser coagulation in gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
The aim of a resolute, endoscopic treatment in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage by a neodymium:YAG laser is to prevent massive loss of blood and to avoid transformation of the hemorrhagic shock event into an irreversible state. Parallel to endoscopic procedure treatment of coagulopathies is necessary. 1,029 (94%) out of 1,092 acute bleeding episodes of 852 unselected patients were treated successfully. In bleeding esophageal varices, reduction of mortality from 70% to 36.2% has been achieved by sclerotherapy following laser coagulation of the acute bleeding. Compared with the results of surgery the mortality rate of bleeding acute ulcers has been reduced from 58% to 23.4%, and of bleeding chronic ulcers from 25% for resection and 15% for vagotomy to 0%. For optimal treatment of the patients close cooperation with surgeons is also desirable.
Acute Disease↗
Endoscopic ligation for non-esophageal variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ligation can be used for bleeding lesions in non-fibrotic tissue; however, only small numbers of patients with non-esophageal variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage have been treated in this way. To evaluate the utility of the technique, we performed the procedure to treat hemorrhage not from esophageal varices during emergency endoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Bleeding was identified from gastric Dieulafoy's ulcers (n=4), duodenal ulcers (n=3), gastric angiodysplasia (n=2) and Mallory-Weiss tears (n=3). The bleeding points were aspirated and controlled by endoscopic ligation and complete hemostasis was achieved in all cases. RESULTS: Although these lesions were located in difficult areas where endoscopic injection therapy and clipping sometimes fail, endoscopic ligation was performed easily and effectively without complications. Six of the patients had severe underlying disease, including acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, liver cirrhosis and chronic renal failure; none suffered deterioration in their general condition after endoscopic ligation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that endoscopic ligation is an easy and effective method of treatment for patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage not from esophageal varices, and is safe even in patients with poor general health.
Adult↗
Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from downhill esophageal varices.
Two cases of proximal esophageal varices due to a primary and a recurrent goiter are reported. One of the patients presented with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 44 years after subtotal resection of a thyroid gland. "Downhill" esophageal varices may serve as collaterals either to bypass superior vena caval obstruction via azygous vein or to drain the superior systemic system to the portal vein when both the superior vena cava and the azygous vein are occluded. They may also arise, as in our bleeding patient, from previous thyroid surgery without any symptoms of superior vena caval congestion. Therefore, downhill varices should be suspected as the origin of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage not only in patients with obvious superior vena caval obstruction, buy also in any case of thyroid disease or a history of thyroid surgery. If conservative measures are insufficient, emergency management may include balloon tamponade or endoscopic sclerotherapy.
Aged↗
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in long-lasting traumatic coma.
Sixteen cases, aged 19 to 61 years and suffering from traumatic coma were studied for periods varying from 7 to 20 months. Obvious or occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage appeared in every case, the earliest presentation being after a few weeks and the latest at 20 months. Gastric acidity was normal in 15 cases. Five patients had duodenal ulceration in repeated roentgenological examination. Concomitant clinical findings included clubbing and paraarticular new bone formation in 9 patients. In addition, hypoxia with repeated values between 63 and 88 mm was observed in 13 of the 16 patients. The latter observation strongly suggests that hypoxia of gastrointestinal mucosa may, indeed, play a pathogenetic role in gastrointestinal hemorrhage of patients with C.C.I.
Adult↗
[Case of hemophilia B causing massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage].
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage↗
Blood volume studies in gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
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Blood Volume↗
Acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage: treatment by superselective embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles.
OBJECTIVE: The major risk of transcatheter embolotherapy for acute hemorrhage in the lower gastrointestinal tract is irreversible intestinal ischemia. The authors studied the efficacy and safety of superselective transcatheter embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles in arresting acute hemorrhage in the lower gastrointestinal tract. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All patients with clinical or scintigraphic evidence of acute hemorrhage in the lower gastrointestinal tract were considered for superselective embolization. The nine patients with angiograms that showed active hemorrhage in the lower gastrointestinal tract underwent the procedure. Superselective embolization was done through a 3-French catheter and was accomplished by using 100- to 590-microns polyvinyl alcohol particles. The segments of the intestinal tracts involved in the embolizations were examined for the presence of ischemia by endoscopy (n = 7) or histologic evaluation of a surgical specimen (n = 2) 2-44 days (mean, 11 days) after embolization or by clinical evaluation (n = 1). RESULTS: The lesions treated by this method were located in the colon (n = 8) and jejunum (n = 1). Immediate hemostasis was achieved in every case. Three patients had recurrent lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage 1-24 days (mean, 9 days) after initial embolization. Two of these patients had surgery, while one had a successful second embolization. Two asymptomatic patients were found endoscopically to have small areas of ischemia involving only the mucosa. Only one patient was shown to have severe mucosal ischemia; this involved the colon in a distribution that suggested it was not caused by the embolization. CONCLUSION: Ten superselective embolization procedures that used polyvinyl alcohol particles successfully controlled hemorrhage in the lower gastrointestinal tract in nine patients. In no case was intestinal infarction induced by the procedure, and only two endoscopically proved cases of asymptomatic mucosal ischemia occurred.
Acute Disease↗