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Results for “HERPES SIMPLEX”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Suicide gene therapy of human hepatoma and its peritonitis carcinomatosis by a vector of replicative-deficient herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) deleted for the immediate-early gene was applied for treatment of hepatoma cells of SKHep 1 and Huh-7. Hepatoma cells were cultured in medium containing HSV1 expressing GFP gene (QOZ/HG) to determine its transfection rate, and both cell lines infected by MOI 1 of QOZ/HG were found to have high expression of GFP without cytotoxicity. Subcutaneous growth of SKHep 1 cell tumor in nude mice was significantly reduced by injection of replicative-deficient herpes virus (TOZ.1) containing Tk-gene with administration of GCV, in comparison with that of noninjected tumor. SCID mice of peritonitis carcinomatosis due to Huh-7 hepatoma cells infected with TOZ.1 could survive longer under administration of GCV than those without TOZ.1. Therefore replicative-deficient HSV1 is a useful vector for treatment of human hepatoma cells, and TOZ.1 with GCV may be applied to suicide gene therapy for hepatoma and peritonitis carcinomatosis of hepatoma cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the obstetric and gynecologic patient remains an actively researched area. Recent studies better clarifying issues pertaining to viral transmission, diagnosis, management, and treatment are presented. These investigations emphasize the importance of understanding the molecular biology of this organism when developing diagnostic and treatment modalities. Natural history studies continue to reveal significant aspects of viral behavior and its impact on the human host.

Female↗

PubMed1990

Genital herpes simplex infections.

Herpes simplex virus infection is a sexually transmitted disease that is becoming increasingly more common. Symptomatic primary infections tend to be severe and prolonged, whereas recurrences are milder and shorter in duration. The most sensitive and specific laboratory test currently available for detecting and typing HSV is tissue culture. The most appropriate management strategy for pregnant women at risk for transmitting the virus at delivery is currently being studied and debated, but evidence indicates that routine surveillance cultures in pregnant women with a history of HSV infection are of no clinical usefulness and that, if there are no visible lesions, culture is not necessary and vaginal delivery is acceptable. Although acyclovir can effectively control symptomatology and speed the healing of lesions, it does not, with current dosage regimens, decrease the frequency of subsequent recurrences. Asymptomatic viral shedding is now considered to cause a large proportion of HSV transmissions; the role of acyclovir in suppression of viral shedding is an area requiring further study.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1985

Viral inhibition of lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness in patients suffering from recurrent lesions caused by herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are able to prevent the lectin-driven mitogenesis of coincubated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. This abrogation of responsiveness is independent of infection and can be obtained by using ultraviolet-inactivated as well as live virus particles. Lymphocytes from patients prone to frequent recurrences of HSV-induced lesions were more susceptible to inhibition of proliferative responsiveness than were cells from either individuals seronegative for HSV type 1 and HSV type 2 or individuals subject only to infrequent recurrences of HSV-induced disease. Lymphocytes from all patients tested were more susceptible to viral abrogation of mitogen responsiveness during preepisodic and acute as opposed to convalescent and postepisodic periods. When exogenous T cell growth factor was added to lymphoid cell cultures that had been coincubated with HSV, the cells were generally able to overcome the inhibition of responsiveness that would otherwise occur. However, this restoration of responsiveness occurred less efficiently in cells from patients with acute HSV-induced lesions and in cells from patients with frequent recurrences of lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Current status and prospects for oral acyclovir treatment of first episode and recurrent genital herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex genitalis is an increasingly common primary or recurrent HSV infection. Acyclovir (ACV) has been found to diminish virus shedding and clinical symptoms in patients with first episode genital HSV when given topically or intravenously. As most patients with first episode disease do not require hospitalization and recurrent disease is usually less severe than the primary infection, out-patient treatment forms the basis of practical management. Acyclovir is absorbed orally with plasma concentrations which exceed in vitro inhibitory concentrations for HSV1 and HSV2. In double blind studies in over 100 recipients with first episode HSV, oral ACV treatment (200 mg, 5 times daily) significantly reduced virus shedding, new lesion formation, duration of genital lesions and clinical symptoms in both men and women when compared with placebo recipients. No toxicity was observed. Recurrence rates following the first episode were similar in placebo and ACV groups. A multi-centre double blind trial of oral ACV treatment of recurrent HSV infection in 250 patients showed that the duration of virus shedding and lesions was significantly shorter in ACV versus placebo recipients. These effects were more pronounced when therapy was self-initiated by patients early on during a recurrence or during the prodromal period. Oral acyclovir has significant clinical and virological effects in both primary and recurrent genital HSV infections.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1980

Strain specificity of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) produces a wide variety of ocular disease in man. Although host factors are important in determining this variation, it is possible that the different clinical patterns of herpetic ocular disease may be attributed at least partially to the differing biological behavior of specific strains of HSV. To test this theory, we compared the anterior segment disease produced by infecting rabbit corneas with seven different strains of HSV. We found that these seven different strains produced different patterns of ocular disease in the rabbit eye. This also may occur in humans, and we hope to define the biological differences that cause one strain to produce disease more severe than that produced by another strain.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Freeze-etching observations of herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus isolated from the cheek lesions of a patient was propagated on FL cells. Pellets of infected cells were cryoprotected with glycerol, and processed for freeze-etching. Viral nucleocapsids were observed in the nucleus of FL cells. The cores were observed in three forms. Capsomeres were clearly shown. Release of virus particles from the nucleus and the plasmalemma was more clearly observed. Myeloid figures and lipid droplets were also found. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Capsid↗

PubMed1986

Transcriptional induction of cellular gene expression during lytic infection with herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus Type 2 causes a severe repression of host cell biosynthesis at a number of levels. We show that despite this, non-viral cDNA clones derived from cellular RNA species which accumulate to high levels after infection can be isolated using differential screening techniques. By using nuclear run-off assays, we have shown that this RNA accumulation is mediated by transcriptional induction of the corresponding cellular genes.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Isoelectric focusing of herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus was inserted into a preformed stable pH gradient and electrofocused for about one hour. Dextran was used as the density gradient forming agent. Virions banded at pH 4.9+/-0.1 and nucleocapsids at 4.1+/-0.05. About 10-20 per cent of infective virus was recovered.

Cell Line↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of positron emission tomography to target prostate cancer gene therapy by oncolytic herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) oncolytic gene therapy is a promising treatment modality against cancer. We have demonstrated that androgen-induced cellular changes enhance oncolytic viral replication and improve efficacy in the treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line. Imaging of changes in 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake by positron emission tomography (PET) is a sensitive method of detecting altered cellular metabolism involved in cancer therapy. We therefore hypothesized that FDG-PET can predict tumor response to oncolytic HSV therapy. In this study, androgen increased cell kill (74%) in vitro and enhanced viral yield (2.4-fold) in vivo following HSV therapy. This enhanced efficacy was predicted by high FDG accumulation in intact animals compared to low FDG uptake following orchiectomy (p = 0.002). This proof-of-concept study provides the mechanistic basis for selecting patients for targeted oncolytic viral therapy by means of a noninvasive molecular imaging method in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Analysis of viral proteins in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells during impaired lytic replication of herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) latency can be established in vitro following arrest of virus replication and survival of infected cells in culture. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been shown to interact with HSV, resulting in reactivation of latent HSV. In addition, impaired replication of superinfecting HSV occurs in HCMV-infected human cells. HCMV-infected human embryonic lung cells inhibit production of infectious HSV despite replication of HSV DNA at levels comparable to those in control cultures infected only with HSV. Using radioimmunoprecipitation techniques, we found that the synthesis of HSV type 1 proteins of the alpha, beta/gamma, and gamma kinetic classes was impaired during the restricted replication of HSV in HCMV-infected HEL cells. However, synthesis of the HSV beta protein ICP-8 and HCMV alpha and beta proteins was not significantly affected in superinfected cell cultures.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1987

Determination of cell line suitability for rapid isolation of herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most commonly identified viruses in the clinical laboratory. HSV is of clinical consequence because of its ability to produce such life-threatening infections as encephalitis and neonatal disease. A variety of cell lines are currently being used for detection of HSV in cell culture. This study compared several cell lines simultaneously in a 96-well cell culture system to determine which lines demonstrated viral CPE most quickly following infection. In considering speed at which viral CPE is demonstrated, our results showed that primary rabbit kidney cells surpassed all other cell lines at 48 h post-viral infection. Alternative cell lines demonstrated to be suitable by this study were human fetal foreskin, human embryonic lung, and Vero cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Acyclovir in herpes simplex keratitis.

Herpes simplex keratitis is the most frequent cause of loss of vision from corneal disease in the industrialised world. This has led to the widespread use of a variety of antiviral drugs in treatment and these are reviewed, with particular attention to their clinical value. Study of the reports concerning the use of acyclovir (ACV) in this condition suggests that this antiviral may be more effective than others, not only in acute infections but possibly in herpetic iridocyclitis and also as a prophylactic antiviral cover following corneal grafting.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1954

Structure and development of viruses as observed in the electron microscope. I. Herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus was visualized by the electron microscope in sections of infected chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos. Removal of the embedding methacrylate from relatively thick sections permitted large numbers of viral particles to be seen but caused extensive alteration of cellular components as well as variable distortion of viral structure. This distortion was characterized by disruption of particles and loss of central bodies, resulting in ring or empty shell forms. An inner structure of the virus was revealed in ultrathin sections from which the embedding plastic was not removed. The nuclei of infected cells contained small, dense, primary bodies (30 to 40 mmicro in diameter) as well as slightly larger and less dense particles (40 to 50 mmicro in diameter) surrounded by a single membrane (70 to 100 mmicro in diameter). In the cytoplasm most of the particles possessed a double outer membrane (120 to 130 mmicro in diameter). It is suggested that the initial site of viral development is restricted to the nucleus where primary bodies form and become enclosed by a single outer membrane. Upon release into the cytoplasm these particles appear to acquire a second outer membrane and presumably represent the mature virus.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

A perspective on resistance to acyclovir in herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus can acquire resistance to acyclovir by mutation leading to change in either of the two virus-specified enzymes involved in the mode of action of the drug. Thymidine kinase may be completely lost yet the virus is able to replicate normally, at least in vitro. Resistant variants arise readily in tissue culture but, in contrast, resistance does not emerge quickly in experimentally infected animals or in man undergoing chemotherapy. Thymidine kinase defective mutants are generally attenuated but have accounted for several cases of resistance in immunosuppressed patients. While resistance does not appear to be a clinical problem at the moment, consideration of the properties of laboratory mutants suggests that eventually resistance may be encountered among human infections.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed2005

Effect of sequence polymorphisms on performance of two real-time PCR assays for detection of herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common cause of acquired, sporadic encephalitis in the United States. PCR identification of HSV in spinal fluid has become the diagnostic gold standard due to its sensitivity and potential for speed, replacing other methods such as culture. We developed a real-time PCR assay to detect HSV, using a new type of hybridization probe, the Eclipse probe. In this study, we ran 323 samples (171 positives and 152 negatives) with the Eclipse real-time PCR assay and compared these results with another PCR assay using gel detection. The real-time assay agreed with our reference method for 319 out of the 323 samples tested (99%). Using two different real-time PCR platforms, we discovered that SNPs within the amplicon's probe binding region that are used to distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2 can decrease assay sensitivity. This problem is potentially a general one for assays using fluorescent probes to detect target amplification in a real-time format. While real-time PCR can be a powerful tool in the field of infectious disease, careful sequence evaluation and clinical validation are essential in creating an effective assay.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1986

[Immunohistological study on malignant and premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix associated with herpes simplex virus].

Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) has become the object of public attention as an etiological cause of cervical cancer. Uneven distribution of HSV antigen in tissue was examined dy dyeing tissue materials of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by the method called peroxidase-antiperoxidase using HSV-2 antibody. The positive rate in the control group was 10.3%, while it was 10.7% in the mild dysplasia group, 17.5% in the moderate dysplasia group, 25.5% in the severe dysplasia group, 31.3% in the carcinoma in situ (CIS) group and 41.4% in the cervical cancer group. The positive rate in the cervical cancer group showed a significant difference from the control, mild displasia, moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia groups (p less than 0.01). The rate in the CIS group demonstrated a significant difference from the control and mild dysplasia groups (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01). The rate in the severe dysplasia group showed a significant difference from the control and mild dysplasia groups (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01). The positive rate in the cervical cancer group in patients 40 approximately 49 years of age was significantly higher than that in the control and mild dysplasia groups (p less than 0.01). It also showed a significant difference from the moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia groups (p less than 0.05). The rate in the cervical cancer group in patients aged 50 approximately 59 years showed a significant difference from the control, moderate dysplasia and mild dysplasia groups (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Ocular disease induced in mice by anterior chamber inoculation of herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) inoculated directly into the anterior chamber of the mouse eye induced an acute inflammatory process in both the injected eye and its uninjected (contralateral) counterpart. In the former, a rapid intense inflammatory reaction developed in the anterior segment (cornea, anterior chamber) and anterior portion of the uveal tract (iris and ciliary body). The retina of the injected eye was spared. In contrast, in the uninjected eyes, a delayed massive destructive reaction also developed, but was limited almost exclusively to the posterior segment ( vitreous, retina and choroid); retinas of the uninjected eyes were destroyed completely. When HSV-1 was inoculated bilaterally into both anterior chambers, destructive inflammatory responses developed in both corneas and anterior segments, but the retinas were spared bilaterally. These results indicate that (1) a unique and interesting pattern of bilateral ocular disease occurs after uniocular anterior chamber injection of HSV-1 in mice; (2) the distribution of the destructive lesions differs between the injected eye and its uninjected counterpart; and (3) local factors, perhaps produced within the eye itself, modify the progression of the virus-induced reaction within the globe.

Animals↗