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PubMed2001

Monitoring of phagocytic activity in histiocytic cytophagic panniculitis.

Histiocytic cytophagic panniculitis presents with subcutaneous panniculitis. Histologically, it is characterized by phagocytosis of blood cells in the subcutaneous tissue and bone marrow. One patient with histiocytic cytophagic panniculitis is described in whom hemophagocytosis macrophages and histiocytes was observed histologically and was confirmed in vitro measuring phagocytosis by peripheral blood monocytes by means of chemiluminescence. In vitro measurements of phagocytosis corresponded well with the clinical course. Chemiluminescence for measuring phagocytosis in vitro may be suitable for analyzing disease activity and for testing therapeutic compounds in vitro.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

The histiocytic nature of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Tissue culture and electron microscopic study.

Specimens from four cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans when explanted in vitro exhibited a typical ameboid outgrowth, confirming the histiocytic nature of these tumors. The cultures displayed the same evolution from macrophages to fibroblast-like cells observed previously in cultures of other types of histiocytomas. Electron microscopic study of the cultures confirmed the light microscopic findings and suggested that the fibroblast-like cells were histiocytes with some secondarily acquired fibroblastic features. The possibility that neoplastic histiocytes may transform into true fibroblasts was deemed unlikely, but could not be excluded.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

True histiocytic lymphoma: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases.

Immunologic studies demonstrate that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are derived predominantly from B- or T-lymphoid cells, while node-based tumors of true histiocytic derivation are rare, with few documented cases. This report describes the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of two cases of node-based true histiocytic lymphoma. Distinctive ultrastructural features included numerous cytoplasmic lysosomes, surface microvillous processes, and occasional cell junctions, and the cells stained strongly for alpha-napthyl acetate esterase and alpha one-antitrypsin. Since there are few specific histologic features, special technics may be essential in confirming the diagnosis of true histiocytic lymphoma, and determining appropriate therapy.

Antigens, Surface↗

PubMed1990

Anaplastic large cell (Ki-1) lymphoma with histiocytic phenotype simulating carcinoma.

Histiocytic and epithelial cell types share many cytomorphologic and functional characteristics; it is predictable, therefore, that corresponding malignancies might be difficult to distinguish. Described is the case of a 52-year-old woman in whom disseminated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma simulated carcinomatosis by conventional morphologic criteria. Evidence of histiocytic differentiation was derived from immunocytochemical, fine structural, and genetic probe analyses. The diagnosis of histiocytic neoplasia is discussed in relation to categories previously termed malignant histiocytosis, "Ki-1" lymphoma, and regressing atypical histiocytosis, and comparisons are made with animal tumor models.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1992

A histiocyte-specific marker in the diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Use of monoclonal antibody KP-1 (CD68)

KP-1 (CD68) is a recently described monoclonal antibody to a cytoplasmic epitope present on tissue histiocytes and macrophages. To determine the specificity and sensitivity of this marker in the evaluation of cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), this reagent and a panel of commercially antibodies were used to stain formalin-fixed paraffin sections from 25 cases of MFH and 25 other tumors, including a variety of soft-tissue sarcomas. Eighteen of 25 cases of MFH stained for KP-1 (72%), whereas all other tumors were negative, including 12 cases of pleomorphic soft-tissue sarcoma other than MFH. The percentage of tumor cells staining for KP-1 varied. In 11 cases KP-1 was only focally present, but staining was of a high intensity and associated with minimal nonspecific or background staining. Pleomorphic histiocytic cells and spindle cells from storiform tumors were strongly decorated with antibodies to KP-1 in most cases, and antigen also was present on tumor giant cells. Although alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-chymotrypsin stained a higher percentage of cases of MFH (92%), immunoreactivity for these markers also was noted in other tumors. Because of its specificity as a histiocyte marker, KP-1 is a useful component in a panel of antibodies for the characterization of soft-tissue sarcomas and the diagnosis of MFH.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1990

Cutaneous manifestation of Kikuchi's histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis.

A young man who presented with cervical Kikuchi's histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis later developed a cutaneous plaque lesion. Histologic study of the cutaneous lesion revealed dermal patchy infiltrates composed of large lymphoreticular cells and scattered cells resembling Hodgkin or Reed-Sternberg cells. This condition was initially mistaken for a large-cell lymphoma. But it was later discovered that the dermal cellular infiltrates were similar to that of the involved lymph node. Many of the large cells in the infiltrates were found to be histiocytes. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the cells resembling Hodgkin or Reed-Sternberg cells were activated fibroblasts. The presence of foamy histiocytes and the absence of neutrophils in the skin lesions were also similar to the involved lymph node. Cutaneous Kikuchi's disease may be mistaken for cutaneous lymphoma. Cutaneous involvement by Kikuchi's disease may also denote a worse clinical course.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

A case of cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis with sicca symptoms and lupus nephritis.

A 48-year-old Japanese woman presented with many subcutaneous nodules. The skin was purplish in color and tender; the nodules were scattered over the entire surface. Histological findings of biopsy specimens from the nodules indicated septal panniculitis comprised of histiocyte and/or macrophage infiltrates, often with erythro- and/or leukophagocytosis. Phagocytic cells were OKM1 (CD11b), MT1 (CD43), LeuM3 (CD14), and histiocyte antigen positive, indicating the presence of histiocytes and/or macrophages. The patient had sicca symptoms, positive homogenous, speckled pattern ANA (x320), and diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis.

Female↗

PubMed1994

S100-positive histiocytes in T-cell-dependent area in human lymph nodes express P-glycoprotein.

In the present study, we examined P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-expressing cells in human lymph nodes (LN) from patients with reactive lymph adenitis and various malignant lymphomas (ML). MDR1 mRNA was detected in all reactive LN and in 8 of 10 ML samples examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The signal intensity of the bands was stronger in samples from T-cell ML LN than in those from LN of reactive lymph adenitis and B-cell ML. Immunohistochemistry also showed positive reactivity with cellular components in the LN. The P-gp-positive cells, detected by UIC2, in reactive lymph adenitis and ML samples were large in size in the T-cell-dependent paracortical area in LN. Further, morphological characteristics were similar in UIC2-positive cells between reactive and ML LN. Double staining with UIC2 and a hematopoietic cell lineage-specific monoclonal antibody showed that UIC2-positive cell co-expressed S-100, but not other lymphocyte- and ML cell-specific antigens, indicating that these cells correspond to histiocytes in the T-cell-dependent paracortical area. Our results show that P-gp was expressed in histiocytes but not ML cells in LN, and suggest that this molecule may play an important role in the biological function of histiocytes and/or for maintenance of homeostatic levels in T-cell ML LN.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed1982

Demonstration of histiocytes in the epidermal infiltrate of mycosis fungoides.

The presence of histiocytes in the epidermal and dermal infiltrate of mycosis fungoides was observed histochemically by revealing a diffuse pattern of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity in the cytoplasm, and immunohistochemically by demonstrating the presence of histiocyte-specific 'enzymes', lysozyme, alpha-I-antitrypsin and alpha-I-antichymotrypsin. Histiocytes in the infiltrate of mycosis fungoides may be involved in antigen processing and interaction with T lymphocytes.

Histiocytes↗

PubMed1991

Histiocytes in Sweet's syndrome.

The histological features of biopsies from 18 previously unreported cases of Sweet's syndrome are reported. The dermal infiltrate in the majority of the cases contained numerous histiocytes that at first sight appeared to mimic neutrophils. The immunophenotype of these histiocytes was consistent with monocytes that have freshly infiltrated into the lesions. Only two of the cases in this series, associated with leukaemia, displayed the histological features of Sweet's syndrome with a predominant neutrophilic infiltration. We suggest that the initiating mechanisms in Sweet's syndrome are that monocyte/histiocyte-derived cytokines such as the interleukins IL-1 and IL-8, secreted either by infiltrating histiocytes in the non-leukaemia-associated cases of Sweet's syndrome or by tumoural myelomonocytic cells in those associated with leukaemia, are responsible for the systemic manifestations and the infiltration with neutrophils in the skin lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Histiocytic endometritis.

Two cases of histiocytic endometritis are described, both characterized by total replacement of the endometrium with sheets of lipid-containing histiocytic cells. This condition appears to be a rare complication of cervical occlusion and it is suggested that the histiocytic reaction occurs as a response to a haematometra.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Calcium oxalate crystal deposition in epithelioid histiocytes of granulomatous lymphadenitis: analysis by light and electronmicroscopy.

In this study of 55 cases of granulomatous lymphadenitis of various aetiologies, both haematoxylin and eosin stained and unstained sections were examined by light and polarizing light microscopy for crystals within epithelioid histiocytes. This investigation was prompted by a case of granulomatous lymphadenitis in which the identification of ovoid birefringent structures within epithelioid histiocytes led to an initial false suggestion of foreign body reaction. Identical single, small, ovoid or biconvex, intensely birefringent crystals, invisible by ordinary light microscopy, were found within the cytoplasm of mononuclear epithelioid histiocytes in 37 cases. There was only minor crystal loss with routine H & E staining. The sections were also examined by scanning electronmicroscopy in secondary and backscattered electron imaging modes and 27 cases were found to contain biconvex crystals which were shown on X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopic microanalysis to be consistent with calcium oxalate. There was a good quantitative correlation between light and scanning electron microscopy. Tissue from the index case was also examined by transmission electronmicroscopy, and electron dense crystals were identified. We confirm the previous findings of ovoid oxalate crystals in a variety of granulomatous conditions including Mycobacterial infection, sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease. Ovoid crystals of calcium oxalate, a common finding in granulomatous lymphadenitis, appear to be endogenously derived, and should be more widely recognized in order to avoid misdiagnosis of foreign body reaction.

Calcium Oxalate↗

PubMed1976

Ceroid-like histiocytic granuloma of gall-bladder --a previously undescribed lesion--.

In the present study, 13 cases of a peculiar gall-bladder granuloma characterized by marked proliferation of ceroid-filled brown histiocytes were pathomorphologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally examined to define the pathologic features of such a lesion previously undescribed in the literature. The lesion grossly showed a granulomatous appearance of yellow brown to dark brown color developing in the wall of gall-bladder. Histologically, there was proliferation of histiocytes containing abundant brown pigment granules in their cytoplasm. The pigment granules proved to have staining characteristics closely resembling those of lipogenic ceroid-like pigment. Ultrastructurally, these granules showed membrane-bound, pleomorphic osmiophilic inclusions of heterogenous materials. With regard to the pathogenesis of this granuloma, it may be suggested that lipid components of bile juice, particularly unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids, play an important role as a source of ceroidogenesis in the proliferating histiocytes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Pathological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies on sea-blue histiocytes and Gaucher-like cells in acquired lipidosis occurring in leukemia.

Smears of bone marrow aspiration from 82 patients with leukemia and major hematopoietic organs, such as bone marrow, spleen, liver and lymph nodes, obtained from 97 autopsy cases of the disease, were light-microscopically examined. As the results, occurrence of either sea-blue histiocytes or Gaucher-like cells, or of both, was observed in bone marrow smears of 23 patients and in the hematopoietic tissues of 44 out of the examined cases, particularly marked in those of chronic myelogenous leukemia. In acute myelogenous leukemia, these lipid storage cells were also confirmed though less in frequency or degree. Histochemically, the sea-blue histiocytes were substantiated to contain ceroid-like pigments in their cytoplasm uhile the lipid materials stored in the Gaucher-like cells were presumed to be glycolipids. Ultrastructural morphology of the inclusions in the sea-blue histiocytes uas almost consistent with that of ceroid previously reported, but showed more marked variegated and heterogeneous features. Intracytoplasmic inclusions of the Gaucher-like cells differed from those of Gaucher cells seen in Gaucher's disease and were dominated by fibrillar or linear deposits. Transitions from phagocytized leukemic cells to the inclusions characteristic of each type of the cells were traced.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMed1986

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease).

We report a typical case of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in Australasia. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) is a distinct disorder originally reported in Japan. It commonly affects young females and involves mainly cervical lymph nodes. The condition is benign. The etiology of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis and its distinction from other causes of benign and malignant lymphadenopathies are discussed. The clinical importance of this disorder is that, histopathologically, it could be misdiagnosed as malignant lymphoma and therefore patients may receive incorrect treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis is not always fatal.

Two patients with benign cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis are presented and compared with the one benign and ten fatal cases previously reported. Benign-appearing histiocytes which engulf blood cells, nuclear debris, and platelets are the most characteristic feature of the disease. This cytophagia tends to be massive in the subcutaneous tissue and involves extracutaneous organs only in the fatal cases. The course is chronic in the benign form. Patients with the fatal form tend to have fever, hepatosplenomegaly, serosal effusions, ecchymoses, peripheral adenopathy, and mucosal ulcers. Anemia, leukopenia, elevated liver enzyme levels, and coagulopathy are present in almost all and hypocalcemia in many patients with a fatal course. Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis may represent a form of regional histiocytosis primarily involving subcutaneous tissue. It is midway in the spectrum of the cytophagic histiocytoses.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Sea-blue histiocytes and Gaucher cells in bone marrow of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia.

A retrospective study of 211 bone marrow aspirates from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) was undertaken to assess the incidence of Gaucher cells and sea-blue histiocytes. A significant correlation between the presence of these cells and prolonged survival was seen. Such storage histiocytes occurred most often during periods of relapsed chronic phase. This study shows that Gaucher cells and sea blue histiocytes are a common feature of CML and that their accumulation seems to be associated with a prolonged increase in leucocyte turnover.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMed2006

Granulomatous dermatitis with enlarged histiocytes: a characteristic pattern of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Two patients developed a pruritic maculopapular rash following treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Histopathological examination disclosed a superficial dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed of interstitially arranged large histiocytic CD68+ cells and perivascularly disposed lymphocytes. Large histiocytes were interspersed among the collagen bundles with associated slight deposits of mucin. Elastophagocytosis was occasionally observed, and a slight reduction of dermal elastic fibers was also noted. There was no evidence of frank granuloma formation, fibrosis or significant changes of collagen bundles. This histopathological variant of granulomatous dermatitis with "enlarged histiocytes" seems to be characteristic of an unusual cutaneous reaction secondary to CSF treatment.

Acute Disease↗