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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Health promotion in occupational health.

OBJECTIVES: To describe a Swedish approach to occupational health and its implications for health promotion. METHODS: We start business with a new customer by creating a health policy for the whole company. Every year a follow-up is presented to top management where decisions are taken on what to do for the coming period. RESULTS: The result from a paper mill is presented where cost savings were five times more than expected. We have found that close follow-up and the use of personalized reminders is very useful for individuals. We have also found the importance of working more with "the softer side" i.e. looking into a person's total life situation. Management training activities are essential. This training includes for instance personality, communication and conflict handling seminars and every manager has to go through those seminars. The focus is moved from sick care to health improvement. The result is measured in long-term health for individuals. To reach that level you have to be healthy and have no absences for at least two years. CONCLUSION: The Swedish occupational health system is a unique system for creating health. With a specially trained staff including MDs, nurses, physiotherapists, psychologists, management consultants and engineers, and working from prevention to treatment, they can create a total view of both individual health and customer company wealth. Working closely together in teams and in close cooperation with customers, they can initiate great changes in both these dimensions.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2001

[Similarity between primary health care and health promotion].

Primary Health Care is recognized as a core health strategy in developing countries, proclaimed by the Declaration at Alma-Ata, while for industrialized countries, Health Promotion was stated in the Ottawa Charter. The concept of Primary Health Care, having been influenced by the Social Development movement for basic human needs in the 70s, is almost entirely consistent with Health Promotion, which is in accord with the principles of Human Development pronounced in the late 80s through the 90s. Thus, Health Promotion could be developed as a health strategy also in developing countries while Primary Health Care could similarly be adopted as a health strategy in the industrialized world.

Developing Countries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of cultural themes in promoting health among Southeast Asian refugees.

PURPOSE: Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Hmong refugee populations in the United States face serious physical and psychosocial health issues. Literature on these populations is largely descriptive of illnesses and of cultural beliefs or behavior patterns related to illness. There is minimal literature linking beliefs and behaviors to the underlying cultural themes. The purpose of this paper was to search the literature for cultural themes from which culturally relevant health promotion strategies could be designed. SEARCH METHODS: Literature was reviewed from the fields of health, social, and political science, history, and Southeast Asian folklore. Search methods included review of 147 writings from library and MEDLINE search and 123 interviews with refugees and key professionals in the field. This manuscript includes 106 selections as well as content from 93 interviews. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: From the literature emerged two cultural themes common to these population, kinship solidarity and the search for equilibrium. The use of these cultural themes as carriers of health messages is suggested. Examples of ways to link the message with the cultural theme are presented, including the use of folklore, recognition of cultural illnesses, and use of cultural knowledge in addressing new situations such as inner city urban survival. Cultural themes are a means of conveying health messages addressing such issues as transition in family structure, depression, and substance abuse.

Asian↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a community-based health promotion program for the elderly: lessons from Seniors CAN.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a community-based educational program designed to promote health by enhancing older adults' mastery while decreasing loneliness and stress. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2004, 339 older adults who participated in Seniors CAN completed standardized assessments of mastery, loneliness, and stress, prior to and upon completion of the 4-month intervention. Participants'scores were compared using paired t-tests to measure changes from preintervention to postintervention. Change scores were then subjected to three-way ANOVA to assess the relative effectiveness based upon participants' sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Participants demonstrated significant improvements from preintervention to postintervention for mastery, loneliness, and stress. Additional analysis revealed that improvement in loneliness was significantly greater among low-income ethnic minorities and minorities with a high level of formal education, p < .05. CONCLUSION: The 16-week intervention resulted in significant improvements in constructs associated with better health and a higher quality of life for independent-living older adults. These findings suggest that a community-based educational intervention can be an effective strategy to reduce risk and promote the health and independence of older adults.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Hardiness: a new perspective in health promotion.

Hardiness is a developing concept of particular relevance to primary care nursing. Evolving out of existential psychology, hardiness is proposed as a personality characteristic that serves to mediate the stress-illness relationship, promoting health in the presence of high degrees of life change and stress. In this review, the concept of hardiness is analyzed and discussed. Its implications for nursing theory and primary care practice are demonstrated.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Promoting health in schools through a board game.

Primary prevention and health promotion have become salient topics in Canadian society and in nursing during the past two decades. The noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, have been linked to specific lifestyle behaviors or habits, which often develop early in life. The success of public health efforts to improve the health status of all Canadians depends substantially on the success of educational programs directed toward children. Effective teaching strategies that seek to promote health and wellness in children need to be developed and empirically evaluated. Educational games may provide an efficient vehicle for carrying out developmentally specific nursing interventions in school settings. This article begins with a brief overview of the historical origins of games, along with their advantages and disadvantages as educational strategies. The results of a pretest-posttest control group design study that evaluated the effectiveness of a board game as a primary prevention teaching strategy with 23 sixth grade children in Winnipeg, Manitoba are presented. The experimental group had significant gains in knowledge related to anatomy and physiology, diet, and lifestyle risk factors associated with the development of heart disease and cancer.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relapse prevention: implications for health promotion professionals.

Health promotion and education efforts often are designed to promote behavior changes among clients, students, or participants. The primary emphasis of health promotion has been the initial behavior change process, with little attention directed to follow-up or after-care. The relapse prevention model (RP) presents a strategy to enhance the likelihood of maintaining a behavior change using methods clearly rooted in social learning theory. This article provides an overview of the RP model and examples of the implication of RP for health promotion and education programs.

Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis for health promotion programs.

Health promotion programs have been hailed as having great potential to help solve the problem of rapidly increasing health care costs. In order to assess whether health promotion programs are "worth it," some kind of cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness analysis must be included as part of program evaluation. This article provides a basic introduction to the concepts of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis, compares them, and presents a simple procedure for performing a basic cost-effectiveness analysis. The potential for health promotion programs to impact on the rising costs of medical care is discussed.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1996

The Dartmouth Health Promotion Study: a failed quest for synergy in school health promotion.

The Dartmouth Health Promotion Study was a longitudinal, quasi-experimental field study with a qualitative research arm, designed to learn whether coordinating school health instruction, health services, and a healthful environment enhanced the program's effect on the heart health and mental health of children. The research strategy-the Coordinated Approach-was applied to approximately 300 children in each of two cohorts in grades four to six attending nine trial schools; a further 600 children attended 10 comparison schools in Dartmouth and nine distal comparison schools. Although the qualitative analysis demonstrated that positive feelings were engendered in most areas of the study, when either the classroom or the individual was used as the unit of analysis, the Coordinated Approach did not have a more favorable effect on the heart or mental health of children than did the standard school health program. Thus, the effect of an existing school health program was not directly enhanced through coordinating its components.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Telemedicine Anáhuac. Educational system and health promotion activities].

Rural telemedicine began in the 1950s in the Papago, Arizona Reservation with the program Starphac. The Anáhuac University began the program in 2002. In the Anáhuac, the project was developed to provide specialty consultations in a virtual way to a highly marginalized population, creating clinical fields of high technology and fulfilling social obligations. The program began in Guerrero and was complemented with video conferences to an open population, courses to general physicians, continuing medical education, activities to promote health, and emergency disaster plans. From May 2002 until the end of 2004, 11,576 general consults have been provided and 2,420 specialty consults. The most frequent diagnoses in surgery were peptic ulcer disease, cholecystitis, diabetic foot and superficial venous insufficiency. The telemedicine program has allowed us to bring high specialty consults with great productivity, efficiency, less wait time and cost-benefit impact, along with a high quality of humane care. Resident physicians do their social service in a positive manner, with a permanent consultation office and a program of continuing medical education.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1998

Mass media antismoking campaigns: a powerful tool for health promotion.

Cigarette advertising and promotion have been shown to influence smoking in young persons, but the powerful effect of the mass media on behavior can also be used to promote health. Several states have earmarked a portion of their cigarette excise tax revenues to fund mass media antismoking campaigns, which have been effective in reducing cigarette consumption and in helping persons quit smoking. Despite their successes, the campaigns have been hindered by tobacco industry-supported attempts to cut their funding or restrict their scope. The most aggressive campaigns, which attack the tobacco industry and challenge social norms about tobacco use and promotion, are the most controversial but also the most effective. Mass media antismoking campaigns are a promising tool for health promotion, but only if sustained funding can be guaranteed and the development of the advertisements can be protected from intrusion by political forces.

Health Promotion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The art of motivating behavior change: the use of motivational interviewing to promote health.

Health promotion and disease prevention have always been essential to public health nursing. With the changing health care system and an increased emphasis on cost-containment, the role of the nurse is expanding even more into this arena. A challenge for public health nurses, then, is to motivate and facilitate health behavior change in working with individuals, families, and communities and designing programs based on theory. Leading causes of death continue to relate to health behaviors that require change. The purpose of this article is to integrate theory with practice by describing the Transtheoretical Model of Change as well as the principles of motivational interviewing that can be used in motivating behavioral change. A case scenario is presented to illustrate the use of the models with effective interviewing skills that can be used to enhance health. Implications for practice with an emphasis on providing an individually tailored matched intervention is stressed.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three challenges to the Ottawa Spirit of Health promotion, trends in global health, and disabled people.

Health promotion according to the 1986 Ottawa Charter of the first global health promotion conference "is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment". In this commentary, I explore three powerful challenges to the spirit of the Ottawa Charter and to global health. The first challenge is the departure from the WHO definition of health; the second challenge relates to the appearance of the transhumanist/enhancement model of health which includes human performance enhancement beyond species-typical boundaries as part of the concept of health. The third challenge consists of the limited involvement and understanding of disabled people with their different models of 'disability/impairment' (medical, social, transhumanist/enhancement) in the discourse of global health and health promotion. Not dealing with these challenges impairs the ability of health promotion to deal with global health problems, the 'health' needs of marginalized groups--in particular, disabled people--and the Millennium Development Goals.

Canada↗
PubMed1987

Health screening to promote health for the elderly.

Reliable, specific, cost-effective health screening strategies can determine a particular client's health risks. Once those risks are known, the health care provider can develop an individualized program of health promotion to help the client move toward optimal well-being. In order to be cost effective, such a program must be aimed at the health problems most common in the particular population. The research on health screening in the elderly is incomplete. Frequently, the most sensitive screens for common problems are much too expensive to apply to an asymptomatic population, while those that are inexpensive are relatively insensitive. This article reviews the literature and attempts to assemble a set of screening strategies that can be used regularly on members of an elderly population. Counseling approaches intended to reduce an elderly person's risk of major health problems are also reviewed.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1999

Functional foods and health promotion.

Statements about the ability of selected foods to reduce the risk of diseases and to enhance the quality of life continue to captivate, and at times polarize, opinions. Interests in these "functional" foods and their active components are being propelled by increasing health care cost, recent legislative events and mounting scientific evidence. Increasingly, scientists are being asked to clarify the precise role that foods have in maintaining and promoting health. Accepting this movement as an opportunity to "optimize nutrition" rather than as a way in which to endorse good or bad foods or as a marketing gimmick will surely make it more acceptable to many scientists. However, the response to functional foods depends on several factors, including genetics, physiologic state and the composition of the entire diet. Although evaluation of the benefits or risks of foods normally does not entail the same extensive examination as that required of drugs, this does not negate the need for sound scientific information for making recommendations to the consumer. Identification of sensitive and reliable biomarkers will be key to adequate assessment of the true effect of foods and their components. Inulin and oligofructose are components of the diet that deserve added attention for their potential health benefits. Evidence that oligofructose and inulin alter several biomarkers, including gastrointestinal transit time, experimentally induced neoplasia and colonic microflora, suggests that these nondigestible carbohydrates are naturally occurring dietary constituents that may improve the quality of life and increase disease resistance in both humans and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Youth mentoring: a social development approach to youth health promotion. Grantmakers In Health.

On November 3, 1999, GIH convened a forum, co-sponsored with Grantmakers for Children, Youth and Families (GCYF), featuring grantmakers who have made major commitments to youth mentoring as a health promotion strategy as well as researchers and those operating programs in the field. Participants engaged in a lively and open exchange of ideas, experiences, and information about what grantmakers can do to support and improve such programs. This Issue Brief brings together keypoints from the day's discussion with factual information on youth mentoring and grantmaker activities drawn from a background paper prepared for Dialogue participants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Promotion of sexual health in the American cultural context: implications for health promotion in school age African-American girls.

African-American girls are at greater risk of engaging in sexual behavior at earlier ages, and putting themselves at risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. It may also lead to more limited successful life trajectory. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of some of the issues facing African-American girls today as they leave preadolescence and enter early adolescence. Research and health promotion strategies are identified that need to be examined and addressed when providing care to this population.

Adolescent↗